The Effect Of Roots And Ectomycorrhizal Fungi On Carbon Cycling In Forest Soils

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The Effect of Roots and Ectomycorrhizal Fungi on Carbon Cycling in Forest Soils

Author : Naomi R. Voke
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (861 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effect of Roots and Ectomycorrhizal Fungi on Carbon Cycling in Forest Soils by : Naomi R. Voke

Download or read book The Effect of Roots and Ectomycorrhizal Fungi on Carbon Cycling in Forest Soils written by Naomi R. Voke and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though the input of labile substrates into the rhizosphere by roots is known to promote decomposition of both soil organic matter (SOM) and surface litter, the presence of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi living in symbiosis with plant roots has been shown to coincide with decreased litter decomposition rates in some systems. In a series of field experiments, techniques including forest girdling and soil trenching were used to exclude roots and ECM fungi in order to investigate the mechanisms controlling litter decomposition in forest soils. Soil trenching was carried out in combination with litter bag incubations, and measurements of soil CO2 flux in a 20 year-old Pinus contorta stand. The use of mesh in-growth collars allowed the influence of ECM fungal hyphae on litter mass loss, and their contribution to soil CO2 flux, to be established separately to that of roots. A specialised irrigation system allowed moisture effects caused by root/ECM hyphal water uptake to be investigated. Neither the presence of roots, nor ECM fungi had any influence on litter decomposition, and soil temperature was the only factor found to correlate with litter mass loss. The exclusion of roots and ECM hyphae led to increased utilisation of a simple substrate, 13C-labelled glucose. Results of incubations of four substrates, varying in structural complexity and nitrogen (N) content, suggested that the rapid utilisation of simple substrates by r-strategist microorganisms might be suppressed in the presence of ECM fungi. Though N content appeared to have a positive influence on substrate decomposition, the results were not significant. In contrast, when forest girdling was used in a nearby Tsuga heterophylla stand to exclude plant-assimilate C supply to the soil, a significant reduction in the rate of litter mass loss was observed. The results presented in this thesis indicate a potentially large role of ECM fungi in controlling decomposition in forest soils, and the mechanisms underlying their influence require further investigation.

Mycorrhizal Symbiosis

Author : Sally E. Smith
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080559344
Total Pages : 815 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Mycorrhizal Symbiosis by : Sally E. Smith

Download or read book Mycorrhizal Symbiosis written by Sally E. Smith and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-07-26 with total page 815 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The roots of most plants are colonized by symbiotic fungi to form mycorrhiza, which play a critical role in the capture of nutrients from the soil and therefore in plant nutrition. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis is recognized as the definitive work in this area. Since the last edition was published there have been major advances in the field, particularly in the area of molecular biology, and the new edition has been fully revised and updated to incorporate these exciting new developments. Over 50% new material Includes expanded color plate section Covers all aspects of mycorrhiza Presents new taxonomy Discusses the impact of proteomics and genomics on research in this area

Techniques for the Study of Mycorrhiza

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080860524
Total Pages : 495 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Techniques for the Study of Mycorrhiza by :

Download or read book Techniques for the Study of Mycorrhiza written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1991-11-14 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volumes 23 and 24 of this highly acclaimed series focus on methods used for the study of both ectomycorrhiza and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza. Written by a team of international experts, these volumes comprise the most extensive compilation of methods available on this topic.

Root-associated Fungal Communities: Critical Linkages between Plants and Soil

Author : Rodica Pena
Publisher : Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3736969643
Total Pages : 111 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (369 download)

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Book Synopsis Root-associated Fungal Communities: Critical Linkages between Plants and Soil by : Rodica Pena

Download or read book Root-associated Fungal Communities: Critical Linkages between Plants and Soil written by Rodica Pena and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2024-02-07 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research highlights the vital but often overlooked role of soil fungi in forest ecosystems, focusing on their impact on nutrient cycles, carbon storage, and plant growth. It delves into how these fungi, especially those connected to plant roots, contribute to the overall health and productivity of forests. The study breaks new ground by examining how changes in the environment, influenced by factors like climate change and forest management practices, affect these fungi and the essential services they provide. The investigation is structured into three main parts: exploring the diversity and makeup of root-associated fungal communities, using advanced infrared spectroscopy to uncover new fungal traits, and studying fungi’s roles in carbon cycling and plant nutrition. Utilizing cutting-edge molecular techniques and large ecological databases, the researchers uncover the complex interactions between fungi, their environment, and plant hosts, demonstrating how these relationships are crucial for ecosystem resilience and productivity. Key findings reveal that the diversity and structure of fungal communities are crucial for maintaining forest health, particularly in the face of environmental stressors. The study advocates for forest management strategies that promote fungal diversity to enhance ecosystem services, highlighting the importance of fungi in sustaining forest ecosystems and their potential in mitigating the impacts of climate change. This work sets the stage for future research into the intricate relationships between fungi, forests, and global ecological cycles, emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of these critical but underappreciated organisms.

Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae

Author : R. Agerer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 572 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae by : R. Agerer

Download or read book Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae written by R. Agerer and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Mycorrhizal Mediation of Soil

Author : Nancy Collins Johnson
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128043830
Total Pages : 526 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Mycorrhizal Mediation of Soil by : Nancy Collins Johnson

Download or read book Mycorrhizal Mediation of Soil written by Nancy Collins Johnson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-11-03 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mycorrhizal Mediation of Soil: Fertility, Structure, and Carbon Storage offers a better understanding of mycorrhizal mediation that will help inform earth system models and subsequently improve the accuracy of global carbon model predictions. Mycorrhizas transport tremendous quantities of plant-derived carbon below ground and are increasingly recognized for their importance in the creation, structure, and function of soils. Different global carbon models vary widely in their predictions of the dynamics of the terrestrial carbon pool, ranging from a large sink to a large source. This edited book presents a unique synthesis of the influence of environmental change on mycorrhizas across a wide range of ecosystems, as well as a clear examination of new discoveries and challenges for the future, to inform land management practices that preserve or increase below ground carbon storage. Synthesizes the abundance of research on the influence of environmental change on mycorrhizas across a wide range of ecosystems from a variety of leading international researchers Focuses on the specific role of mycorrhizal fungi in soil processes, with an emphasis on soil development and carbon storage, including coverage of cutting-edge methods and perspectives Includes a chapter in each section on future avenues for further study

The Effect of Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Roots on C and N Fate from Decomposing Litter in a Tropical Rainforest

Author : Bart De Roeck
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effect of Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Roots on C and N Fate from Decomposing Litter in a Tropical Rainforest by : Bart De Roeck

Download or read book The Effect of Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Roots on C and N Fate from Decomposing Litter in a Tropical Rainforest written by Bart De Roeck and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forests in tropical regions play a key role in regulating Earth's climate and its biogeochemical cycles, especially the carbon cycle. The global importance of tropical forests in storing carbon is well recognized, but control factors for primary productivity and elemental cycling still need to be studied because of the relative lack of understanding in comparison to temperate forests. In general soils of tropical rainforests are relatively nutrient poor when compared to more temperate forests, particularly in phosphorus. Therefore, nutrient cycling is tight in these forests and decomposition is a key aspect in nutrient recycling. Different organisms -or parts of an organism- affect decomposition rate. These include living roots, fungi and other microbes. Interactions between these three groups are omnipresent. These interactions can have either a positive or a negative effect on decomposition. For example: root exudates stimulate decomposers such as fungi and other microbes, while each of these groups can also compete for nutrients. This study was conducted on a site in the Amazonian rainforest in French Guiana. It consisted of 18 cores per plot in 6 plots with differences in topography, i.e. on top of hills versus in between hills; phosphate added or not, and mesh size allowing root and mycorrhizal, only mycorrhizal or no in growth at all. Mycorrhiza are an obligate symbiosis between a fungus and plant roots. To these 108 cores isotope labelled roots were added. Additionally, 2 plots with each 18 cores were installed using chitin to compare decomposition of different substrates. The added substrate (roots or chitin) was highly enriched in stable C and N isotopes which allowed tracking substrate derived C and N fate, and compared with non-labelled controls. The main focus of this thesis was disentangling the effects of mycorrhiza, roots and P availability on decomposition. Biggest mesh size, allowing ingrowth of both roots and mycorrhiza, showed the most pronounced differences indicating mainly an effect of roots on decomposition rate. P limitation was also pinpointed as driver of decomposition due to its interaction with mesh size.

Comparing Arbuscular and Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Communities in Seven North American Forests and Their Response to Nitrogen Fertilization

Download Comparing Arbuscular and Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Communities in Seven North American Forests and Their Response to Nitrogen Fertilization PDF Online Free

Author : Jennifer Lyn Lansing
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (66 download)

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Book Synopsis Comparing Arbuscular and Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Communities in Seven North American Forests and Their Response to Nitrogen Fertilization by : Jennifer Lyn Lansing

Download or read book Comparing Arbuscular and Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Communities in Seven North American Forests and Their Response to Nitrogen Fertilization written by Jennifer Lyn Lansing and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mycorrhizal fungi are found extensively in forest soils and play a crucial role in carbon and nitrogen cycling between plant and soil. However, little is known about how mycorrhizal communities differ between forest systems or what role they play in below ground carbon dynamics. This study addresses the basic ecological questions of how ECM and AM vary between gymnosperm and angiosperm host taxa in undisturbed forest ecosystems which vary in climate and soil characteristics. I use a manipulative N fertilization experiment to study the mycorrhizae between forest sites and their role in ecosystem cycling. AM and ECM percent colonized root length and colonized root length per minirhizotron frame differed between sites and between years. The extramatrical hyphae of all four major AM genera were present at all sites whereas spores, in low abundance, were mainly Glomus spp. Richness of ECM morphotypes was similar between sites at a variety of scales. Functional groups based on ECM morphological characters differed between sites and some fertilization effects were found. Site location was the most influential factor in determining mycorrhizal abundance, composition, and overall role in carbon and nitrogen cycling. At the P. edulis site, I intensively studied the abundance, diversity, composition, and spatial distribution of ECM using morphotyping and RFLP analysis. Years differed in ECM abundance and composition. ECM types differed in frequency across the landscape, abundance at any individual tree, and spatial aggregation. Each P. edulis tree was similar in ECM tip abundance, richness, and number of dominant ECM types. At all scales a few ECM types were dominant however there was temporal and tree to tree variability in which ECM were dominant. The individual tree is the most important sampling unit when assessing P. edulis ECM diversity and composition. Also at the P. edulis site, using RFLP analysis to identify ECM types and 14C to estimate age I found a differential response in the 14C signature of RFLP types to N fertilization indicating that N fertilization does not affect all ECM fungi similarly and functional differences in ECM fungi exist.

Fungi in Biogeochemical Cycles

Author : Geoffrey Michael Gadd
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521845793
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (457 download)

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Book Synopsis Fungi in Biogeochemical Cycles by : Geoffrey Michael Gadd

Download or read book Fungi in Biogeochemical Cycles written by Geoffrey Michael Gadd and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-05-04 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book promotes further understanding of the contribution that fungi make to the biogeochemical cycling of elements, the chemical and biological mechanisms involved, and their environmental and biotechnological significance.

Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in European Forest Ecosystems

Author : Ernst-Detlef Schulze
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642572197
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)

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Book Synopsis Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in European Forest Ecosystems by : Ernst-Detlef Schulze

Download or read book Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in European Forest Ecosystems written by Ernst-Detlef Schulze and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume quantifies carbon storage in managed forest ecosystems not only in biomass, but also in all soil compartments. It investigates the interaction between the carbon and nitrogen cycles by working along a north-south transect through Europe that starts in northern Sweden, passes through a N-deposition maximum in central Europe and ends in Italy. For the first time biogeochemical processes are linked to biodiversity on a large geographic scale and with special focus on soil organisms. The accompanying CD-ROM provides a complete database of all flux, storage and species observations for modellers.

Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycling in Forest Soils

Author : Robert G. Qualls
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3038976822
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (389 download)

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Book Synopsis Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycling in Forest Soils by : Robert G. Qualls

Download or read book Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycling in Forest Soils written by Robert G. Qualls and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-06-21 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The majority of carbon stored in the soils of the world is stored in forests. The refractory nature of some portions of forest soil organic matter also provides the slow, gradual release of organic nitrogen and phosphorus to sustain long term forest productivity. Contemporary and future disturbances, such as climatic warming, deforestation, short rotation sylviculture, the invasion of exotic species, and fire, all place strains on the integrity of this homeostatic system of C, N, and P cycling. On the other hand, the CO2 fertilization effect may partially offset losses of soil organic matter, but many have questioned the ability of N and P stocks to sustain the CO2 fertilization effect. Despite many advances in the understanding of C, N, and P cycling in forest soils, many questions remain. For example, no complete inventory of the myriad structural formulae of soil organic N and P has ever been made. The factors that cause the resistance of soil organic matter to mineralization are still hotly debated. Is it possible to “engineer” forest soil organic matter so that it sequesters even more C? The role of microbial species diversity in forest C, N, and P cycling is poorly understood. The difficulty in measuring the contribution of roots to soil organic C, N, and P makes its contribution uncertain. Finally, global differences in climate, soils, and species make the extrapolation of any one important study difficult to extrapolate to forest soils worldwide.

Biogeography of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis

Author : Leho Tedersoo
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319563637
Total Pages : 563 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Biogeography of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis by : Leho Tedersoo

Download or read book Biogeography of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis written by Leho Tedersoo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-01 with total page 563 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a timely overview and synthesis of biogeographic patterns of plants and fungi and their mycorrhizal associations across geographic scales. Written by leading experts in the field, it provides an updated definition of mycorrhizal types and establishes the best practices of modern biogeographic analyses. Individual chapters address the basic processes and mechanisms driving community ecology, population biology and dispersal in mycorrhizal fungi, which differ greatly from these of prokaryotes, plants and animals. Other chapters review the state-of-the-art knowledge about the distribution, ecology and biogeography of all mycorrhizal types and the most important fungal groups involved in mycorrhizal symbiosis. The book argues that molecular methods have revolutionized our understanding of the ecology and biogeography of mycorrhizal symbiosis and that rapidly evolving high-throughput identification and genomics tools will provide unprecedented information about the structure and functioning of mycorrhizal symbiosis on a global scale. This volume appeals to scientists in the fields of plant and fungal ecology and biogeography.

Mycorrhizae: Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry

Author : Zaki Anwar Siddiqui
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402087705
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Mycorrhizae: Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry by : Zaki Anwar Siddiqui

Download or read book Mycorrhizae: Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry written by Zaki Anwar Siddiqui and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-07-27 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mycorrhizal fungi are microbial engines which improve plant vigor and soil quality. They play a crucial role in plant nutrient uptake, water relations, ecosystem establishment, plant diversity, and the productivity of plants. Scientific research involves multidisciplinary approaches to understand the adaptation of mycorrhizae to the rhizosphere, mechanism of root colonization, effect on plant physiology and growth, biofertilization, plant resistance and biocontrol of plant pathogens. This book discusses and goes into detail on a number of topics: the molecular basis of nutrient exchange between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and host plants; the role of AM fungi in disease protection, alleviation of soil stresses and increasing grain production; interactions of AM fungi and beneficial saprophytic mycoflora in terms of plant growth promotion; the role of AM fungi in the restoration of native ecosystems; indirect contributions of AM fungi and soil aggregation to plant growth and mycorrhizosphere effect of multitrophic interaction; the mechanisms by which mycorrhizas change a disturbed ecosystem into productive land; the importance of reinstallation of mycorrhizal systems in the rhizosphere is emphasized and their impact on landscape regeneration, and in bioremediation of contaminated soils; Ectomycorrhizae (ECM) and their importance in forest ecosystems and associations of ECM in tropical rain forests function to maintain tropical monodominance; in vitro mycorrhization of micro-propagated plants, and visualizing and quantifying endorhizal fungi; the use of mycorrhizae, mainly AM and ECM, for sustainable agriculture and forestry.

Forest and Rangeland Soils of the United States Under Changing Conditions

Author : Richard V. Pouyat
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030452166
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Forest and Rangeland Soils of the United States Under Changing Conditions by : Richard V. Pouyat

Download or read book Forest and Rangeland Soils of the United States Under Changing Conditions written by Richard V. Pouyat and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-02 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book synthesizes leading-edge science and management information about forest and rangeland soils of the United States. It offers ways to better understand changing conditions and their impacts on soils, and explores directions that positively affect the future of forest and rangeland soil health. This book outlines soil processes and identifies the research needed to manage forest and rangeland soils in the United States. Chapters give an overview of the state of forest and rangeland soils research in the Nation, including multi-decadal programs (chapter 1), then summarizes various human-caused and natural impacts and their effects on soil carbon, hydrology, biogeochemistry, and biological diversity (chapters 2–5). Other chapters look at the effects of changing conditions on forest soils in wetland and urban settings (chapters 6–7). Impacts include: climate change, severe wildfires, invasive species, pests and diseases, pollution, and land use change. Chapter 8 considers approaches to maintaining or regaining forest and rangeland soil health in the face of these varied impacts. Mapping, monitoring, and data sharing are discussed in chapter 9 as ways to leverage scientific and human resources to address soil health at scales from the landscape to the individual parcel (monitoring networks, data sharing Web sites, and educational soils-centered programs are tabulated in appendix B). Chapter 10 highlights opportunities for deepening our understanding of soils and for sustaining long-term ecosystem health and appendix C summarizes research needs. Nine regional summaries (appendix A) offer a more detailed look at forest and rangeland soils in the United States and its Affiliates.

Root Ecology

Author : Hans de Kroon
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783540001850
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Root Ecology by : Hans de Kroon

Download or read book Root Ecology written by Hans de Kroon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-05-21 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the course of evolution, a great variety of root systems have learned to overcome the many physical, biochemical and biological problems brought about by soil. This development has made them a fascinating object of scientific study. This volume gives an overview of how roots have adapted to the soil environment and which roles they play in the soil ecosystem. The text describes the form and function of roots, their temporal and spatial distribution, and their turnover rate in various ecosystems. Subsequently, a physiological background is provided for basic functions, such as carbon acquisition, water and solute movement, and for their responses to three major abiotic stresses, i.e. hard soil structure, drought and flooding. The volume concludes with the interactions of roots with other organisms of the complex soil ecosystem, including symbiosis, competition, and the function of roots as a food source.

Mycorrhiza

Author : Ajit Varma
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662037793
Total Pages : 703 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Mycorrhiza by : Ajit Varma

Download or read book Mycorrhiza written by Ajit Varma and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 703 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Mycorrhiza falls into a time period of excep tionally rapid growth in mycorrhizal research. Therefore the edi tors have been most pleased with the decision of the Springer Verlag to revise the first edition and to incorporate the remarkable advances experienced in the mycorrhizal field. The pace of discovery has been particularly fast at the two poles of biological complexity, the molecular events leading to changes in growth and differentiation, as well as the factors regulating the structure and diversity of natural populations and communities. Therefore the most significant changes introduced in the new edition of this book are found within these topics. Not only were many chapters up dated, but also new chapters have replaced existing ones. The individual decisions have not been easy, since valuable contribu tions had to be sacrificed in favour of new aspects; but the authors hope that a highly topical new edition will be of greatest benefit for a rapidly expanding field of research. We welcome comments and critics from readers. Since it was possible again to find leading scientists as contribu tors, we are confident that this revised second edition will stimulate further progress and contribute to a deeper understanding of advances in the mycorrhizal field. We are grateful to the Springer Verlag, especially Dr. Dieter Czeschlik, for his continued interest and active help. Dr. Maja Hilber-Bodmer and Dr.

Litter Decomposition: a Guide to Carbon and Nutrient Turnover

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 9780120139385
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (393 download)

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Book Synopsis Litter Decomposition: a Guide to Carbon and Nutrient Turnover by :

Download or read book Litter Decomposition: a Guide to Carbon and Nutrient Turnover written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2005-11-22 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Litter Decomposition describes one of the most important processes in the biosphere - the decay of organic matter. It focuses on the decomposition process of foliar litter in the terrestrial systems of boreal and temperate forests due to the greater amount of data from those biomes. The availability of several long-term studies from these forest types allows a more in-depth approach to the later stages of decomposition and humus formation. Differences between the decay of woody matter and foliar litter is discussed in detail and a different pattern for decomposition is introduced. While teachers and students in more general subjects will find the most basic information on decomposition processes in this book, scientists and graduate students working on decomposition processes will be entirely satisfied with the more detailed information and the overview of the latest publications on the topic as well as the methodological chapter where practical information on methods useful in decomposition studies can be found. Abundant data sets will serve as an excellent aid in teaching process and will be also of interest to researchers specializing in this field as no thorough database exists at the moment. Provides over 60 tables and 90 figures Offers a conceptual 3-step model describing the different steps of the decomposition process, demonstrating changes in the organic-chemical structure and nutrient contents Includes a synthesis of the current state of knowledge on foliar litter decomposition in natural systems Integrates more traditional knowledge on organic matter decomposition with current problems of environmental pollution, global change, etc. Details contemporary knowledge on organic matter decomposition