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The Effect Of Ply Thickness On The Initiation And Growth Of Delamination In Graphite Epoxy Laminates With Holes Under Compressive Cyclic Loading
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Book Synopsis The Effect of Ply Thickness on the Initiation and Growth of Delamination in Graphite/epoxy Laminates with Holes Under Compressive Cyclic Loading by : Stephen C. Nolet
Download or read book The Effect of Ply Thickness on the Initiation and Growth of Delamination in Graphite/epoxy Laminates with Holes Under Compressive Cyclic Loading written by Stephen C. Nolet and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect of "effective ply thickness" on initiation and growth of damage in [+-45xn/0xn]s (qhwew n=1,2, and 3) graphite/epoxy laminates with 6.35 mm holes under compressive cyclic loading has been investigated. Static and cyclic compressive testing was done on axially loaded sandwich specimens. Out-of-plane Moire interferometry and pulse-echo ultrasonic inspection was used to monitor cyclic test specimens for delamination damage. The compressive static tests on the [+-45xn/Oxns sandwich specimens showed no "effective ply thickness" dependence on the compressive fracture stress of 423 MPa. Cyclic tests on the [+-45/0]s specimens showed three different types of damage development for the same applied peak stress: one, a damage mode that led to immediate transverse failure; two, delamination that initiated at the hole edge and grew radially from the hole; and three, a delamination that initiated at the top and bottom of the hole and grew longitudinally within the width of the hole. However, all the [+-45x2/0x2]s and [+-45x3/0x3]s laminates developed only the longitudinal delamination type of damage. The growth of longitudinal delamination was found to be a linear function of the logarithm of the number of applied load cycles. This damage initiates earlier as the "effective ply thickness" and/or peak cyclic stress increases. Furthermore, the growth rate increases with "effective ply thickness." Longitudinal delamination develops due to splitting in the 0° plies of the laminate and subsequent shear failure of the -45°/0° interface between the 0 splits. This mode of damage was also observed in two tensile cyclic tests. results of residual strength testing showed that laminates with longitudinal delamination had an average residual tensile stress of 640 MPa. This is approximate a 50% increase over the ultimate tensile stress of 455 MPa determined from static tensile tests on six coupons and eight sandwich specimens (uncycled) of the [+-45/0]s laminate.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Ply Thickness on Longitudinal Splitting and Delamination in Graphite/epoxy Under Compressive Cyclic Load by : Paul A. Lagace
Download or read book The Effect of Ply Thickness on Longitudinal Splitting and Delamination in Graphite/epoxy Under Compressive Cyclic Load written by Paul A. Lagace and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The initiation and growth of damage due to compressive cyclic loading was investigated in [±45n/0/n]s graphite/epoxy laminates where the "effective ply thickness" was varied by allowing n to take on the values 1, 2, and 3. A total of thirty-five axially-loaded sandwich specimens with 6.35 mm diameter holes were cycled at 7 Hz at peak stress levels of 52% to 72% of the static ultimate compressive stress of 425 MPa (which was experimentally determined to be independent of the value of n). Out-of-plane moire interferometry and pulse-echo ultrasound techniques were used to nondestructively inspect the specimens and showed that three distinct modes of damage growth occur in these laminates. Delamination which initiates at the hole and grows in a radial or transverse fashion occurred only in 60% of the [±45/0]s specimens. For these two types of damage, the growth was rapid and led to catastrophic failure of the specimen. The remainder of the [±45/0]s specimens and all the laminates where the effective ply thickness was doubled and tripled, [±45 2/02]s and [± 45 3/03]s, exhibited delaminations which initiated at the hole edges and grew parallel to the load direction with the width of the delamination equal to the width of the hole. Catastrophic failure did not occur in these cases. There is a linear relationship between the delamination length and the logarithm of the number of applied load cycles in all these cases. However, the delamination initiated earlier and at lower stress levels for laminates with larger effective ply thicknesses. Specimen sectioning and microscopic examination shows that this damage depends on the development of splitting in the 0° plies and subsequent delamination as a result of shear failure at the -45°/0° ply interface in the region between the splits. Several [0/±45]s and [02/±45 2]s coupon specimens were cycled in tension and this splitting and subsequent delamination also developed. Residual tensile strength tests conducted on graphite/epoxy coupons debonded from the honeycomb after cycling showed a 50% increase in tensile strength over undamaged specimens with 6.35 mm diameter holes. This is attributed to the redistribution of stress around the hole due to the relieving of stress concentration in the 0° plies by the splitting and delamination
Book Synopsis Effect of Ply Thickness on Longitudinal Splitting and Delamination in Graphite/Epoxy Under Compressive Cyclic Load by : PA. Lagace
Download or read book Effect of Ply Thickness on Longitudinal Splitting and Delamination in Graphite/Epoxy Under Compressive Cyclic Load written by PA. Lagace and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The initiation and growth of damage due to compressive cyclic loading was investigated in [±45n/0n]s graphite/epoxy laminates where the "effective ply thickness" was varied by allowing n to take on the values 1, 2, and 3. A total of 35 axially loaded sandwich specimens with 6.35-mm-diameter holes were cycled at 7 Hz at peak stress levels of 52% to 72% of the static ultimate compressive stress of 425 MPa (which was experimentally determined to be independent of the value of n). Out-of-plane moiré interferometry and pulse-echo ultrasound techniques were used to nondestructively inspect the specimens and showed that three distinct modes of damage growth occur in these laminates. Delamination which initiates at the hole and grows in a radial or transverse fashion occurred only in 60% of the [±45/0]s specimens. For these two types of damage, the growth was rapid and led to catastrophic failure of the specimen. The remainder of the [±45/0]s specimens and all the laminates where the effective ply thickness was doubled and tripled, [±452/02]s and [±453/03]s, exhibited delaminations which initiated at the hole edges and grew parallel to the load direction with the width of the delamination equal to the width of the hole. Catastrophic failure did not occur in these cases. There is a linear relationship between the delamination length and the logarithm of the number of applied load cycles in all these cases. However, the delamination initiated earlier and at lower stress levels for laminates with larger effective ply thicknesses. Specimen sectioning and microscopic examination show that this damage depends on the development of splitting in the 0-deg plies and subsequent delamination as a result of shear failure at the -45°/0° ply interface in the region between the splits. Several [0/±45]s and [02/±452]s coupon specimens were cycled in tension and this splitting and subsequent delamination also developed. Residual tensile strength tests conducted on graphite/epoxy coupons debonded from the honeycomb after cycling showed a 50% increase in tensile strength over undamaged specimens with 6.35-mm-diameter holes. This is attributed to the redistribution of stress around the hole due to the relieving of stress concentration in the 0-deg plies by the splitting and delamination.
Book Synopsis Composite Materials by : H. Thomas Hahn
Download or read book Composite Materials written by H. Thomas Hahn and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1986 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Composite Materials by : John D. Whitcomb
Download or read book Composite Materials written by John D. Whitcomb and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1988 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conference held May 1986 in Charleston, South Carolina. Twenty-seven papers represent the following areas; analysis; impact and compression; materials characterization; failure mechanisms; nondestructive evaluation; filament wound and woven composites. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Ply Thickness on the Free Edge Delamination of Graphite/epoxy Laminates by : John Charles Brewer
Download or read book The Effect of Ply Thickness on the Free Edge Delamination of Graphite/epoxy Laminates written by John Charles Brewer and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The initiation of delamination in graphite/epoxy laminates was investigated both analytically and experimentally and the effect of effective ply thickness on this phenomenon assessed. Three different laminate families were investigated: [±15n]s,[±15n/0n]s, and [0n/±15n]s, with the normalized effective ply thickness, n, varying from 1 to 5. Delamination initiation was detected using the load drop technique in conjunction with edge replication. Initiation was determined to have occurred when a load drop was detected and a delamination initiation was confirmed on the replication of the specimen edge. Two different analytical techniques were used t-o correlate the measured delamination initiation stresses: the previously proposed strain energy release rate approach and the Quadratic Delamination Criterion which is introduced herein. The strain energy release rate approach was unable to accurately correlate the data for two of the three laminate families as the data clearly showed that the critical value of strain energy release rate is significantly dependent on the effective ply thickness. The Quadratic Delamination Criterion, an average stress criterion which involves the comparison of the calculated interlaminar normal stress and interlaminar shear stress ([sigma]1z) to their related strength parameters, is proposed and shows excellent correlation with the delamination initiation stress data.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Delamination Behaviour of Composites by : Srinivasan Sridharan
Download or read book Delamination Behaviour of Composites written by Srinivasan Sridharan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-10-21 with total page 787 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given such advantages as low weight compared to strength and toughness, laminated composites are now used in a wide range of applications. Their increasing use has underlined the need to understand their principal mode of failure, delamination. This important book reviews key research in understanding and preventing delamination. The first part of the book reviews general issues such as the role of fracture mechanics in understanding delamination, design issues and ways of testing delamination resistance. Part two describes techniques for detecting and characterising delamination such as piezoelectric sensors, the use of lamb waves and acoustic emission techniques. The next two sections of the book discuss ways of studying and modelling delamination behaviour. The final part of the book reviews research on delamination behaviour in particular conditions such as shell and sandwich structures, z-pin bridging and resin bonding. With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Delamination behaviour of composites is a standard reference for all those researching laminated composites and using them in such diverse applications as microelectronics, aerospace, marine, automotive and civil engineering. Reviews the role of fracture mechanics in understanding delamination, design issues and ways of testing delamination resistance Discuss ways of studying and modelling delamination behaviour A standard reference for all those researching laminated composites
Book Synopsis International Aerospace Abstracts by :
Download or read book International Aerospace Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 974 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Damage in Composite Materials by : K. Reifsnider
Download or read book Damage in Composite Materials written by K. Reifsnider and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1982 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Engineered Materials Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hygrothermal Influence on Delamination Behavior of Graphite/epoxy Laminates by :
Download or read book Hygrothermal Influence on Delamination Behavior of Graphite/epoxy Laminates written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis American Society for Composites / American Society for Testing And Materials Committee D30 by : Erian Armanios
Download or read book American Society for Composites / American Society for Testing And Materials Committee D30 written by Erian Armanios and published by DEStech Publications, Inc. This book was released on 2004-10 with total page 1464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Highlights the recent developments in the fundamental understanding of composites; important information for researchers and composite scientists.
Book Synopsis Fatigue in Composites by : Bryan Harris
Download or read book Fatigue in Composites written by Bryan Harris and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-10-31 with total page 765 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This major handbook is the first authoritative survey of current knowledge of fatigue behaviour of composites. It deals in detail with a wide range of problems met by designers in the automotive, marine and structural engineering industries. Compiled from the contributions of some of the best-known researchers in the field, it provides an invaluable, practical and encyclopaedic handbook covering recent developments. Comprehensively discusses the problems of fatigue in composites met by designers in the aerospace, marine and structural engineering industries Provides a general introduction on fatigue in composites before reviewing current research on micromechanical aspects Analyses various types of composites with respect to fatigue behaviour and testing and provides in-depth coverage of life-prediction models for constant variable stresses
Download or read book Applied Mechanics Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Compressive Behaviour of Composites by : C. Soutis
Download or read book Compressive Behaviour of Composites written by C. Soutis and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 1997 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report reviews the most important studies undertaken of the compressive failure mechanisms encountered in modern composite materials. It considers first the behaviour of unidirectional laminates, followed by unnotched and notched multidirectional structures. It then considers existing theoretical models. An additional indexed section containing several hundred abstracts from the Rapra Polymer Library database provides useful references for further reading.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Ply Thickness on Delamination of Advanced Composites by : John C. Brewer
Download or read book The Effect of Ply Thickness on Delamination of Advanced Composites written by John C. Brewer and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect of ply and laminate thickness on the fracture of graphite/epoxy due to delamination was investigated. Four laminate types were tested: [±15na]s, [±l5n/0n]s', [0n/±l5n]s' and [±45n/0/n]s. "Effective ply thickness" was varied by stacking several plies of the same orientation together. It was found that an increase in effective ply thickness caused a decrease in fracture stress due to delamination in all cases. It was also found that the thickness dependence is not merely a laminate thickness dependence. "Back-to-back" [0/±15]s-type laminates (i.e. [[O/±15]s]2 and [[O/±15]s]3 laminates) were found to have the same strength as [0/±15]s laminates.
