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The Effect Of Information Technology On Average Firm Size And The Degree Of Vertical Integration In The Manufacturing Sector
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Book Synopsis The Effect of Information Technology on Average Firm Size and the Degree of Vertical Integration in the Manufacturing Sector by : Nicholas Evangelos Komninos
Download or read book The Effect of Information Technology on Average Firm Size and the Degree of Vertical Integration in the Manufacturing Sector written by Nicholas Evangelos Komninos and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Future of U.S. Capitalism by : Frederic L. Pryor
Download or read book The Future of U.S. Capitalism written by Frederic L. Pryor and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-02-11 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It explains what will happen to US enterprise, markets, and the government in forthcoming decades.
Book Synopsis Production Technology, Information Technology, and Vertical Integration Under Asymmetric Information by : Gamal Atallah
Download or read book Production Technology, Information Technology, and Vertical Integration Under Asymmetric Information written by Gamal Atallah and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper addresses the effect of technological progress on the boundaries of the firm, building on transaction cost theory and agency theory. The model incorporates four types of costs: production, coordination, management, and transaction costs. The market has lower production costs, but higher coordination costs, than the firm. A principal-two agents framework with adverse selection and moral hazard is adopted. It is found that technological progress in production and information technologies tend to have diametrically opposite effects on procurement. In general, progress in production technology leads to more vertical integration, whereas progress in information technology leads to more subcontracting. When technological change concerns the level of costs, its effect on procurement depends on the cost differential between the firm and the market, and on the relative importance of production and coordination costs; whereas, when technological change affects the effect or disutility of effort, its impact on procurement is unambiguous. The paper provides an explanation for the changing effect of technological progress on procurement throughout the twentieth century: why it favoured vertical integration historically, and why it favours subcontracting (or has a mixed effect) today. This explanation relies on the implication of the evolution of the relative importance of production and coordination activities for the relationship between technological progress and vertical integration. The paper constitutes a bridge between contractual explanations and technological explanations of the existence and boundaries of the firm.
Book Synopsis Saving Capitalism from the Capitalists by : Raghuram Rajan
Download or read book Saving Capitalism from the Capitalists written by Raghuram Rajan and published by Crown Currency. This book was released on 2003-02-18 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Capitalism’s biggest problem is the executive in pinstripes who extols the virtues of competitive markets with every breath while attempting to extinguish them with every action. Saving Capitalism from the Capitalists is a groundbreaking book that will radically change our understanding of the capitalist system, particularly the role of financial markets. They are the catalyst for inspiring human ingenuity and spreading prosperity. The perception of many, especially in the wake of never-ending corporate scandals, is that financial markets are parasitic institutions that feed off the blood, sweat, and tears of the rest of us. The reality is far different. •Vibrant financial markets threaten the sclerotic corporate establishment and increase corporate mobility and opportunity. They are the reason why entrepreneurship flourishes and companies like The Home Depot and Wal-Mart—mere fly specks a quarter of a century ago—have surged as they have. •They mean personal freedom and economic development for more people. Throughout history, and in most of the world today, the record is one of financial oppression. Elites restrict access to capital and severely limit not only general economic development but that of individuals as well. •Open borders help check the political and economic elites and preserve competitive markets. The greatest danger of the antiglobalization movement is that it will keep the rich rich and the poor poor. Globalization forces countries to do what is necessary to make their economies productive, not what is best for incumbent elites. Open borders limit the ability of domestic politics to close down competition and to retard financial and economic growth. •Markets are especially susceptible in economic downturns when the establishment can exploit public anger to restrict competition and access to capital. While markets must be free to practice “creative destruction,” Rajan and Zingales demonstrate the political and economic importance of a sustainable distribution of wealth and a baseline safety net. Capitalism needs a heart for its own good! There are no iron laws of economics that condemn countries like Bangladesh to perpetual poverty or the United States to perpetual prosperity. The early years of the twentieth century saw vibrant, open financial markets that were creating widespread prosperity. Then came the “Great Reversal” during the Great Depression. It can—and will—happen again, unless there is greater understanding of what markets do, who benefits, and who really wants to either limit them or shut them down. Saving Capitalism from the Capitalists breaks free of traditional ideological arguments of the right and left and points to a new way of understanding and spreading the extraordinary wealth-generating capabilities of capitalism.
Book Synopsis Investigating the Performance of US Manufacturing and Service Operations by : Gilwhan Kim
Download or read book Investigating the Performance of US Manufacturing and Service Operations written by Gilwhan Kim and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research in operations management focuses on explaining differences in operating performance across organizations (Gino and Pisano 2008). In the same manner, this dissertation is motivated by the need to investigate the firm's performance as measured by technical (productive) efficiency and inventory productivity. The dissertation consists of three essays, addressing: (i) the performance of U.S. manufacturing and service operations in the presence of information technology (IT); (ii) the impacts of firm and industry characteristics upon the business value of IT as measured by technical efficiency; and (iii) the relationships among inventory turnover performance, IT, and firm and industry characteristics.In the first essay, based on the Bayesian stochastic production frontier approach, we evaluate and compare the performance of U.S. manufacturing and service operations in the presence of IT at the firm, industry, and sector levels, using a set of firm level data from 133 firms from 1999 to 2009. We also examine whether or not the "IT productivity paradox" exists in terms of technical efficiency, categorizing the whole sample into three subgroups according to the relative size of IT investment (high IT, medium IT, and low IT investment firms). Moreover, by suggesting a sensitivity analysis, we observe the variation of technical efficiency responding to the variation in the quality of IT capital. The main findings include the following: (i) a fair number of firms considered in this research benefit from adopting IT capital as one of their production factors. (ii) a lot of IT investments do not necessarily improve technical efficiency. (iii) wholesale industry performs best in terms of technical efficiency irrespective of the introduction of IT. (iv) the IT productivity paradox is observed in eight industries (five manufacturing and three service industries). (v) low IT investment firms, wholesale industry, and service sector turn out to be less sensitive to the variation in the quality of IT capital. In addition, this essay reviews in detail the useful estimation method called Gibbs sampling, considered one of the novel ways to analyze managerial problems. In the second essay, we investigate the roles of firm and industry characteristics in conjunction with IT in terms of technical efficiency. Specifically, employing growth options and vertical integration to reflect firm characteristics, and adopting industry dynamism and concentration to reflect industry characteristics, we analyze the impacts of these variables upon the business value of IT as measured by technical efficiency. For analysis, this essay relies on the generalized two-equation model equipped with the Bayesian stochastic production frontier, using a set of firm level IT data from 131 firms from 1999 to 2009. Importantly, the IT productivity paradox is reexamined on the consideration of the selected characteristics. The principal findings include: (i) IT has the positive impact on output and technical efficiency at the collective level, regardless of the introduction of firm and industry characteristics. (ii) vertical integration has a negative impact on output and technical efficiency, and the relationship between IT and vertical integration is substitutable. (iii) high IT investment firms do not benefit from IT in the absence and presence of firm and industry characteristics. (iv) the IT productivity paradox is observed in most industries with higher IT investment. (v) substitutability phenomena created by IT and firm and industry characteristics appear in six industries (three manufacturing industries and three service industries), no matter which characteristics are considered. In the third essay, we examine the relationship between IT investment and inventory turnover performance, using 98 firms spanning 11 years (from 1999 to 2009). In addition, we analyze the correlation of inventory turnover performance with firm and industry characteristics. Specifically, as in the second essay, vertical integration and growth options are chosen to reflect the important features of the firm's internal characteristics, and industry dynamism and concentration are chosen to represent the industry's competitive environment. The major findings include the following: (i) inventory turnover ratio is positively correlated with IT investment and growth options. (ii) inventory turnover ratio is negatively correlated with vertical integration and industry dynamism. We also examine time trends in inventory turnover performance and find that it has been improved over the period from 1999 to 2009.
Book Synopsis American Doctoral Dissertations by :
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Vertical Integration and Technology by : Daron Acemoglu
Download or read book Vertical Integration and Technology written by Daron Acemoglu and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This paper investigates the determinants of vertical integration using data from the UK manufacturing sector. We find that the relationship between a downstream (producer) industry and an upstream (supplier) industry is more likely to be vertically integrated when the producing industry is more technology intensive and the supplying industry is less technology intensive. Moreover, both of these effects are stronger when the supplying industry accounts for a large fraction of the producer's costs. These results are generally robust and hold with alternative measures of technology intensity, with alternative estimation strategies, and with or without controlling for a number of firm and industry-level characteristics. They are consistent with the incomplete contract theories of the firm that emphasize both the potential costs and benefits of vertical integration in terms of investment incentives"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site.
Book Synopsis Papers and Proceedings of a Colloquium on the Effects of International Technology Transfers on U.S. Economy by :
Download or read book Papers and Proceedings of a Colloquium on the Effects of International Technology Transfers on U.S. Economy written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Technology and Firm Size Across Industries by : Xifang Sun
Download or read book Technology and Firm Size Across Industries written by Xifang Sun and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines how technology affects firm size. A vertical integration perspective is taken because the size of a firm tends to be large when a longer chain of production processes are organized within the border of the firm. By applying the Property Rights Theory Approach, the paper establishes that vertical integration is more likely in more capital-intensive industries whereas labor-intensive intermediate goods are more likely to be produced by independent firms. It then uses firm-level data for Chinese manufacturing sectors to test the relationship between firm size and factor intensity and finds that firms in more capital-intensive industries are indeed larger than those in more labor-intensive industries. These results are robust even after including age and other additional controls.
Book Synopsis Information Technology, Firm Size, and Industrial Concentration by : Erik Brynjolfsson
Download or read book Information Technology, Firm Size, and Industrial Concentration written by Erik Brynjolfsson and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information flows, and thus information technology (IT) are central to the structure of firms and markets. Using data from the U.S. Census Bureau, we provide firm-level evidence that increases in IT intensity are associated with increases in firm size and concentration in both employment and sales. Results from instrumental variables and long-difference models suggest that the effect is likely causal. The effect of IT on size is more pronounced for sales than employment, which leads to a decline in the labor share, consistent with the "scale without mass" theory of digitization. Furthermore, we find that IT provides greater benefits to larger firms by increasing their capability to replicate their operations across establishments, markets, and industries. Our findings provide empirical evidence suggesting that the substantial rise in IT investment is one of the main driving forces for the increase in firm size, decline of labor share, the growth of superstar firms, and increased market concentration in recent years.
Author :Information Resources Management Association. International Conference Publisher :IGI Global ISBN 13 :9781930708075 Total Pages :1226 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (8 download)
Book Synopsis Managing Information Technology in a Global Economy by : Information Resources Management Association. International Conference
Download or read book Managing Information Technology in a Global Economy written by Information Resources Management Association. International Conference and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2001 with total page 1226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, opportunities and challenges of available technology can be utilized as strategic and tactical resources for your organization. Conversely, failure to be current on the latest trends and issues of IT can lead to ineffective and inefficient management of IT resources. Managing Information Technology in a Global Economy is a valuable collection of papers that presents IT management perspectives from professionals around the world. The papers introduce new ideas, refine old ones and possess interesting scenarios to help the reader develop company-sensitive management strategies.
Book Synopsis Information Technology's Impact on Firm Structure by : David N. Beede
Download or read book Information Technology's Impact on Firm Structure written by David N. Beede and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1970s, economists have speculated on the effects of the proliferation of new computer and communications capabilities on business structure and performance. The present analysis explores information technology's (IT)relationship to employment and firm structure by examining how IT affects the relative size of employment at auxiliary units. The analysis treats auxiliary units--establishments where employees provide support services (mainly administrative) to production establishments--as a proxy for the highest administrative levels of the organizational hierarchy. Changes in the relative size of auxiliary employment give a broad indication of IT-related changes in firm structure. Statistical analyses of 46 industries show large variations across industries in the size, sign, and statistical significance of the elasticities of auxiliary unit employment shares with respect to IT capital stock shares. We find no economy-wide trends associated with IT. There is too much variation among industries to rely on estimates obtained from pooling industry data. For the most part, sectorial trends are scarce. Only in the transportation sector do the sign and statistical significance suggest that IT related changes are similar. Ultimately, the enormous variation revealed by our results suggests that one cannot make economy-wide generalizations about the effects of IT. Nevertheless, our results, combined with other evidence,suggest that economies of scale--gained from using IT to reduce coordination and monitoring costs--influence firm size and structure. One reason why the effects of IT are so different across industries is variation in the firm size distribution across industries prior to the IT revolution: 1) For industries with a predominance of small firms, IT-related economies of scale may encourage growth in firm size and lead to an increase in the relative size of centralized back office establishments across the industry. This appears to have occurred in the retail trade industry. 2) In some industries where large firms predominate, IT may induce greater efficiency in back-office jobs, enabling firms to reduce back office employment relative to total employment. This appears to have occurred in some of the transportation industries. 3) In industries where IT primarily substitutes for production workers, auxiliary unit employment share is likely to rise because central administration office employment tends to change less than proportionately in response to changes in overall employment. This appears to have occurred in the primary metals industry.
Book Synopsis Technological Change and Productivity Growth in Manufacturing Sector of India by : N. G. Pendse
Download or read book Technological Change and Productivity Growth in Manufacturing Sector of India written by N. G. Pendse and published by Sarup & Sons. This book was released on 2008 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Understanding Economic Growth A Macro-level, Industry-level, and Firm-level Perspective by : OECD
Download or read book Understanding Economic Growth A Macro-level, Industry-level, and Firm-level Perspective written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2004-03-26 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a unique tool providing facts, figures and analysis of economic growth in OECD countries. The analysis focuses on the growth patterns of OECD countries during the last decade and identifies the fundamental drivers of growth.
Book Synopsis Electronic Services Networks by : M E. Guerin Cavert
Download or read book Electronic Services Networks written by M E. Guerin Cavert and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1991-11-21 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electronic services networks--systems of terminals and computers linked by telecommunication apparatus and used to process transactions--have had an increasing influence on industrial structures and commercial practices over the past decade. Margaret Guerin-Calvert and Steven Wildman have assembled diverse essays representing the best of current thinking on these networks. The book provides the reader with varied theoretical perspectives on ESNs and their effects on business and finance and contains five case studies that apply these theoretical ideas to issues raised by the proliferation of these networks. Unlike other works, which have focused on ESNs as features of specific industries, this collection explores the networks themselves as economic phenomena. The contributions are grouped into two parts. The first presents general theoretical perspectives on the economics of various ESNs, their effects on the industries and markets that employ them, and the policy issues they raise. Among the topics discussed are structural relationships among ESNs, their effect on organizational structures, compatibility between shared networks, and competitive search facilitation. In Part II, the contributors offer a detailed look at the economic policy histories of ESNs in specific industries, including banking, real estate, airlines, and travel. There are discussions of automatic teller machines, computer reservation systems, multiple-listing services, and electronic data interchange. These studies demonstrate the incredible variety of applications of ESN technology and make this an indispensable resource for professionals in all types of businesses that use or could use ESNs, as well as for students in a wide range of law, business, and public policy courses.
Book Synopsis Strategic Analytics by : Martin Kunc
Download or read book Strategic Analytics written by Martin Kunc and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-10-10 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Defines common ground at the interface of strategy and management science and unites the topics with an original approach vital for strategy students, researchers and managers Strategic Analytics: Integrating Management Science and Strategy combines strategy content with strategy process through the lenses of management science, masterfully defining the common ground that unites both fields. Each chapter starts with the perspective of a certain strategy problem, such as competition, but continues with an explanation of the strategy process using management science tools such as simulation. Facilitating the process of strategic decision making through the lens of management science, the author integrates topics that are usually in conflict for MBAs: strategy and quantitative methods. Strategic Analytics features multiple international real-life case studies and examples, business issues for further research and theory review questions and exercises at the end of each chapter. Strategic Analytics starts by introducing readers to strategic management. It then goes on to cover: managerial capabilities for a complex world; politics, economy, society, technology, and environment; external environments known as exogenous factors (PESTE) and endogenous factors (industry); industry dynamics; industry evolution; competitive advantage; dynamic resource management; organisational design; performance measurement system; the life cycle of organisations from start-ups; maturity for maintaining profitability and growth; and finally, regeneration. Developed from the author's own Strategy Analytics course at Warwick Business School, personal experience as consultant, and in consultation with other leading scholars Uses management science to facilitate the process of strategic decision making Chapters structured with chapter objectives, summaries, short case studies, tables, student exercises, references and management science models Accompanied by a supporting website Aimed at both academics and practitioners, Strategic Analytics is an ideal text for postgraduates and advanced undergraduate students of business and management.
