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The Effect Of Beating On Fibre Morphology And Drainage Time Of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Efb Soda Pulp
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Book Synopsis The Effect of Beating on Fibre Morphology and Drainage Time of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) Soda Pulp by : Rushdan Ibrahim
Download or read book The Effect of Beating on Fibre Morphology and Drainage Time of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) Soda Pulp written by Rushdan Ibrahim and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Elaeis guineensis written by Hesam Kamyab and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2022-03-16 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Palm oil biomass is constantly produced in large quantities throughout the world as a waste product of the vast palm oil plantations. Biomass from the palm oil industry has been converted into value-added products to a limited extent via thermochemical, chemical, physical, and biochemical conversion routes. However, a significant amount of biomass, such as OPF and OPT, is still left in plantations. A pragmatic approach to converting them to value-added products will not only result in a cleaner environment but also generate significant revenue for the government. It is also suggested that more attention be paid to bioproducts in order to present them in an appealing form to end-users, thereby encouraging good patronage.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Chemical Compositions and Beating Time on the Production of Cellulosic Packaging Materials (PULP) Using Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) by : Nor Adiella Mohd Kamarudin
Download or read book The Effect of Chemical Compositions and Beating Time on the Production of Cellulosic Packaging Materials (PULP) Using Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) written by Nor Adiella Mohd Kamarudin and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In palm oil mill processing, the waste product from palm oil mill was identified consists of oil palm trunks (OPT), oil palm fronds (OPD), empty fruit bunches (EFB), palm pressed fibers (PPF) and palm kernel shells. Follow Prasertsan, during palm oil processing, more than 70% by weight of fresh fruit bunches were left over as a waste. Analysts estimate that processing of palm oil mill yield 17 million tones of empty fruit bunches per year. Researcher believed that empty fruit bunches has potential as packaging product since its content high cellulose. Due to high user of non-degradable packaging, government put the full effort to find the alternative ways to reduce the use of non-degradable packaging. Empty fruit bunches was see as an alternative to make degradable packaging product. In order to make packaging product from empty fruit bunch, soda antraquinone (soda AQ) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is used as chemical pulping because this chemical pulping will produce the better properties of pulp to make the packaging product. Sample of pulp was made at different soda composition and at different time of beating process in order to get optimum condition of properties of packaging product. After the best sample was selected, the standard physical testing was carried out. The study shows that beating effect and different composition of soda produces pulp at different fiber morphology, strength and packaging properties.
Book Synopsis Oil Palm Trunk (OPT) as an Alternative Cellulosic Material for Brown Paper Production by : Mohd Ashriq Muzzammil Bahari
Download or read book Oil Palm Trunk (OPT) as an Alternative Cellulosic Material for Brown Paper Production written by Mohd Ashriq Muzzammil Bahari and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The total estimated amount of available biomass from 1997 to 2000 for oil palm trunks (OPT), fronds (OPF) and empty fruit bunches (EFB) respectively are 4.34, 2.99, and 3.08 million tonnes per annum dry weight. The demand for pulp and paper products within Malaysia continues to grow at a considerable rate around 4 per cent per annum, and the trend expected to continue into the next decade. The research has indicated that the chemical composition of OPT fibers lie between that of hardwoods and that of softwoods material. Chemical pulping was used for pulping process because it produced pulp and paper of better properties than mechanical pulping. In this study, the beating effect of Soda-AQ pulp in term of fiber morphology, and mechanical properties such tensile, burst and tear indices was investigated. The pulp was beaten by using PFI Mill at five degree of beating; 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 minutes. Hand-sheets were made from pulp samples taken at different times during the beating process and standard physical test were carried out. The fiber length decrease and fines were produced with the increasing of degree of beating. The soda pulp also gives the effect on drainage time which is increasing with the degree of beating. The content stock freeness (CSF) is decrease with the degree of beating cause of increasing the surface area to absorb water of fine fiber. The high degrees of beating give the strength paper which showed in tear, burst and tensile indices. The study showed that OPT pulp has a long fiber that can be used as a reinforcement component in paper production and become value-added products.
Book Synopsis Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) ,Äì Alternative Fibre Source for Papermaking by : Akpan Noah
Download or read book Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) ,Äì Alternative Fibre Source for Papermaking written by Akpan Noah and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elaeis guineensis (oil palm) is one of the most economical perennial oil crops for its valuable oil-producing fruits in tropical regions such as West Africa and South-East Asia. During oil extraction process, these fruits are usually stripped from the fruit bunches leaving behind empty bunches to be discarded as residues. Thus, empty fruit bunches (EFB) of Elaeis guineensis are usually considered as waste in the oil palm industry. The abundance of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) has created enormous environmental issue, ranging from fouling, attraction of pests, greenhouse gas emissions to soil acidification, thus posing very serious threats to humans and the environment. Globally, in 2014 alone, over 22.4 million tons of EFB were estimated to have been produced. Therefore, exploring eco-friendly disposal methods and productive utilisation of oil palm EFB as alternative fibrous material for papermaking becomes imperative in converting waste to wealth, and initiating environmental wellness. Elaeis guineensis empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibre on the average measures 0.99¬†Œom in length, while the fibre diameter and cell wall thickness are 19.1¬†Œom and 3.38¬†Œom respectively. Fibres of EFB are of ligno-cellulosic materials, consisting on the average of an estimated cellulosic content of 30,Äì50%, 15,Äì35% of hemicelluloses and the lignin constituting about 20,Äì30% of extractive-free fibre. The rich cellulose base of EFB fibre makes Elaeis guineensis a good potential resource for papermaking furnish moreso that the pulp and paper industry is often referred to as the cellulose industry. Every 5 tons of EFB gives 1 ton of pulp for papermaking. This book chapter will therefore attempt to examine the fibre morphological characteristics of oil palm empty fruit bunch, the chemical properties of EFB fibre, papermaking potentials of empty fruit bunches and ultimately their impact on the environment.
Book Synopsis Effect of Pretreatment on the Ultrastructure of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches by : Darnoko K. Pamin
Download or read book Effect of Pretreatment on the Ultrastructure of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches written by Darnoko K. Pamin and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The major problem in the bioconversion of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) for fermentable sugar production is the presence of non-cellulose materials which should be removed before enzymatic hydrolysis. In addition, the high silica content of EFB also inhibits the enzymatic hydrolysis. In this experiment EFB were pretreated with acid and alkali at various concentrations to remove lignin, hemicellulose and silica. The results from ultrastructural analysis using scanning electronmicroscope showed that pretreatment with alkali was much better than acid pretreatment. Alkali pretreatment caused much changes on the ultrastructure of EFB by leaching the lignin and silica substantially and leaving the biomass much easier to be penetrated by agents of hydrolysis. [Authors' abstract].
Book Synopsis Effects of Different Treatments of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) on Residual Oil Content and Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF) Performance by : Norul Izani Mohd Allwi
Download or read book Effects of Different Treatments of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) on Residual Oil Content and Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF) Performance written by Norul Izani Mohd Allwi and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Preparation of Dissolving Pulp from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches with Environmentally Friendly Processes by : Cheu Peng Leh
Download or read book Preparation of Dissolving Pulp from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches with Environmentally Friendly Processes written by Cheu Peng Leh and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Physical Changes of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches and EFB Mat During Decomposition by : Khairun Nisa Kamarudin
Download or read book Physical Changes of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches and EFB Mat During Decomposition written by Khairun Nisa Kamarudin and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Densified Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Towards the Torrefaction Process by : Zee Yee Pang
Download or read book Effect of Densified Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Towards the Torrefaction Process written by Zee Yee Pang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Influence of NaOH Concentration, Refining Stage and Pulping Temperature on Cold Soda Pulping of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) by : Khadijah Abdul Wahid
Download or read book Influence of NaOH Concentration, Refining Stage and Pulping Temperature on Cold Soda Pulping of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) written by Khadijah Abdul Wahid and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sustainability of Biofuel Production from Oil Palm Biomass by : Keat Teong Lee
Download or read book Sustainability of Biofuel Production from Oil Palm Biomass written by Keat Teong Lee and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-07-30 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book evaluates and discusses the main sustainability challenges encountered in the production of biofuel and bio-products from oil palm biomass. It starts off with the emphasis on oil palm production, oil palm products recovery and oil palm wastes utilization. The simultaneous production of these bio-products for sustainable development is discussed. This is followed by the key factors defining the sustainability of biofuel and bio-product production from oil palm biomass. The environmental issues including ecological, life cycle assessment and environmental impact assessment of oil palm plantation, milling and refining for the production of biofuels and bio-products are presented. Socio-economic and thermodynamic analysis of the production processes are also evaluated using various sustainability assessment tools such as exergy. Lastly, methods of improving biofuel production systems for sustainable development are highlighted.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Compounding Techniques on the Mechanical Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch-polypropylene (EFB-PP) Composi by : Rozman Bin Hj. Din
Download or read book The Effect of Compounding Techniques on the Mechanical Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch-polypropylene (EFB-PP) Composi written by Rozman Bin Hj. Din and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Heat Treatment on Cellulose Crystallinity of Empty Fruit Bunch Oil Palm Fiber and Its Relation to the Dimensional Stability of Medium Density Fiberboard by : Siti Munawarah Abdul Hafid
Download or read book Effect of Heat Treatment on Cellulose Crystallinity of Empty Fruit Bunch Oil Palm Fiber and Its Relation to the Dimensional Stability of Medium Density Fiberboard written by Siti Munawarah Abdul Hafid and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pretreated Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (opefb) Fiber by : Khai Shuan Tan
Download or read book Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pretreated Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (opefb) Fiber written by Khai Shuan Tan and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biomass and Bioenergy by : Khalid Rehman Hakeem
Download or read book Biomass and Bioenergy written by Khalid Rehman Hakeem and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-25 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass obtained from agricultural residues or forest can be used to produce different materials and bioenergy required in a modern society. As compared to other resources available, biomass is one of the most common and widespread resources in the world. Thus, biomass has the potential to provide a renewable energy source, both locally and across large areas of the world. It is estimated that the total investment in the biomass sector between 2008 and 2021 will reach the large sum of $104 billion. Presently bioenergy is the most important renewable energy option and will remain so the near and medium-term future. Previously several countries try to explore the utilization of biomass in bioenergy and composite sector. Biomass has the potential to become the world’s largest and most sustainable energy source and will be very much in demand. Bioenergy is based on resources that can be utilized on a sustainable basis all around the world and can thus serve as an effective option for the provision of energy services. In addition, the benefits accrued go beyond energy provision, creating unique opportunities for regional development. The present book will provide an up-to-date account of non-wood, forest residues, agricultural biomass (natural fibers), and energy crops together with processing, properties and its applications to ensure biomass utilization and reuse. All aspects of biomass and bioenergy and their properties and applications will be critically re-examined. The book consists of three sections, presenting Non wood and forest products from forestry, arboriculture activities or from wood processing, agricultural biomass (natural fibers) from agricultural harvesting or processing and finally energy crops: high yield crops and grasses grown especially for energy production.
Book Synopsis Kenaf: A Multi-Purpose Crop for Several Industrial Applications by : Andrea Monti
Download or read book Kenaf: A Multi-Purpose Crop for Several Industrial Applications written by Andrea Monti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-06 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural plant fibers fibres are being increasingly used in manufacturing industrial products because of their renewable and biodegradable natures. Kenaf is an annual bast fibre crop that can provide fibres for several industrial applications (composites, insulation mats, absorbents, bedding material, etc.) as well as raw material for energy exploitation (solid biofuels). Kenaf: A Multi-Purpose Crop for Several Industrial Applications introduces the physiology and field management of kenaf, agronomy, productivity, harvesting as well as its the industrial and energy uses of this promising non-food crop. Including recent research collected by the BIOKENAF project, Kenaf: A Multi-Purpose Crop for Several Industrial Applications provides a global picture of state of the art research and developments with Kenaf from Asia, USA and Australia. This thorough introduction if followed up with an assessment of the crops economic viability as well as an the environmental impact assessment of kenaf. Although not a new crop, Kenaf: A Multi-Purpose Crop for Several Industrial Applications provides a comprehensive introduction to this crop and its developing applications for energy engineers, industry managers, politicians and managers working to develop sustainable energy sources and bio-economies.
