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The Development Of A Computation Mathematical Model To Predict Drug Absorption Across The Skin
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Book Synopsis The Development of a Computation/mathematical Model to Predict Drug Absorption Across the Skin by : Maria Prapopoulou
Download or read book The Development of a Computation/mathematical Model to Predict Drug Absorption Across the Skin written by Maria Prapopoulou and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Development of a Mathematical/computational Model to Predict Drug Absorption Across the Skin by : Maria Prapopoulou
Download or read book The Development of a Mathematical/computational Model to Predict Drug Absorption Across the Skin written by Maria Prapopoulou and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 878 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to predict accurately the dermal permeation of a chemical is important for the development of new therapeutic formulations in transdermal drug delivery and also for the assessment of the potential risks of environmental chemicals and agents used in cosmetics industry. There have been a large number of studies investigating skin permeability, both experimentally- and theoretically-based. The experimental measurement of skin permeability is a time-consuming and difficult process and, when put in the context of the great numbers of chemicals that may come into contact with the skin, it is also costly. As a consequence, there has been a great interest over the past years to 'predict' the ability of a compound to cross the skin using its physicochemical characteristics and a number of mathematical models have been reported. Most models are based on experimental data, with skin permeability linearly correlated to the physicochemical properties and / or molecular structure parameters of the chemical compounds. A multilinear regression method is often used to fit available experimental data and such empirical models are referred to as quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPRs). Many QSPR models relate skin permeability to the physicochemical properties of the solutes while others use molecular structure properties. Successful application of such models can realise a marked reduction in the number of potentially therapeutic molecules requiring synthesis and validation since they can be precluded from study on the basis of their predicted lack of skin permeability. In terms of skin permeability data with respect to QSPR analysis, the science has not been developed significantly since the publication of what is now universally known as the Flynn dataset (Flynn 1990).
Book Synopsis Predictive Methods in Percutaneous Absorption by : Gary P. Moss
Download or read book Predictive Methods in Percutaneous Absorption written by Gary P. Moss and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-01 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book sheds new light on the development and use of quantitative models to describe the process of skin permeation. It critically reviews the development of quantitative predictive models of skin absorption and discusses key recommendations for model development. Topics presented include an introduction to skin physiology; the underlying theories of skin absorption; the physical laboratory-based processes used to generate skin absorption data, which is in turn used to construct mathematical models describing the skin permeation process; algorithms of skin permeability including quantitative structure-activity (or permeability) relationships (QSARs or QSPRs); relationships between permeability and molecular properties; the development of formulation-focused approaches to models of skin permeability prediction; the use of artificial membranes, e.g. polydimethylsiloxane as alternatives to mammalian skin; and lastly, the use of novel Machine Learning methods in developing the next generation of predictive skin permeability models. The book will be of interest to all researchers in academia and industry working in pharmaceutical discovery and development, as well as readers from the field of occupational exposure and risk assessment, especially those whose work involves agrochemicals, bulk chemicals and cosmetics.
Book Synopsis Assessing Bioavailablility of Drug Delivery Systems by : Jean-Maurice Vergnaud
Download or read book Assessing Bioavailablility of Drug Delivery Systems written by Jean-Maurice Vergnaud and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-05-26 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring how to apply in vitro/in vivo correlations for controlled release dosage forms, Bioavailability of Drug Delivery Systems: Mathematical Modeling clearly elucidates this complex phenomena and provides a guide for the respective mathematical modeling. The book introduces mathematical modeling methods for calculating the profiles of plasma levels obtained with controlled release dosage forms and provides examples and case studies to illustrate the techniques employed. The author has considerable experience in investigating mathematical fundamentals that are related to pharmaco- and toxicokinetics, modified-release drug products, physiologic pharmacokinetics and statistical treatment in clinical situations. The mathematical models he has developed are particularly powerful because they account for such major parameters as the kinetics of drug release controlled by diffusion or by erosion, and the kinetics of absorption into and elimination out of the plasma. They are also able to solve the problem of determining the drug level in plasma as a result of patient non-compliance, incorrect dosage, and incorrect frequency and to determine the best dosage forms necessary for therapy. Using master curves, the book highlights the inter-variability of the patients often expressed by different responses towards a drug. Thus, after evaluating a patient's pharmacokinetic parameters, the dose can be adapted to the patient, with the expectation of decreasing the side effects for each patient. Using dimensionless numbers in repeated doses, either for the time or for the plasma drug concentration, makes the master curves useful for every drug, providing that its pharmacokinetics was linear. These master curves address clear information either to the patients or to the therapists in a didactic and easy way. The patients can see from first look the effects of non-compliance and therapists can see the dramatic effects of inter-variability of patients towards a drug. Drug discovery and dosage forms have become an increasingly time-consuming and expensive process. The development of a single drug can leave behind more than 10 to 15 years of work. Discussing time and cost-effective methods as alternatives to conventional in vivo methods, the book helps you analyze and integrate in vitro/in vivo correlations and apply them to patient care and drug consultation situations.
Book Synopsis Understanding Drug Release and Absorption Mechanisms by :
Download or read book Understanding Drug Release and Absorption Mechanisms written by and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 627 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demand for better reliability from drug delivery systems has caused designers and researchers to move away from trial-and-error approaches and toward model-based methods of product development. Developing such models requires cross-disciplinary physical, mathematical, and physiological knowledge. Combining these areas under a single cover, Understanding Drug Release and Absorption Mechanisms builds a firm understanding ofall elements needed to conceive, build, and implement successful models of drug release. Written by experts with broad industrial and academic experience, this book discusses the underlying physical principles, shows how to build mathematical models based on these principles, and finally compares the resulting models with experimental results. The authors begin by introducing the basics of modeling, physiological details of gastrointestinal and dermal absorption pathways, rheology, mass transport and thermodynamics, dissolution and partitioning, as well as size effects on the dissolution of crystallites. From this baseline, the authors explore applications in drug release from various delivery systems, specifically matrix systems, microemulsions, and permeability through membranes. Working systematically from theory to working models, Understanding Drug Release and Absorption Mechanisms: A Physical and Mathematical Approach demonstrates the steps involved in designing, building, and implementing realistic and reliable models of drug release without unrealistically simplifying the theoretical parameters.
Book Synopsis The Mathematics of Diffusion by : John Crank
Download or read book The Mathematics of Diffusion written by John Crank and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1979 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though it incorporates much new material, this new edition preserves the general character of the book in providing a collection of solutions of the equations of diffusion and describing how these solutions may be obtained.
Book Synopsis The Art and Science of Dermal Formulation Development by : Marc B. Brown
Download or read book The Art and Science of Dermal Formulation Development written by Marc B. Brown and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-03-01 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Art and Science of Dermal Formulation Development is a comprehensive guide to the theory and practice of transdermal and topical formulation development, covering preclinical studies, evaluation, and regulatory approval. It enables the reader to understand the opportunities and challenges in developing products and how risks can be mitigated. Over the last 25 years, expertise in this area has declined whilst drug delivery systems for other administration routes have developed significantly. The advantages offered by transdermal and topical drug delivery remain compelling for sectors including the pharmaceutical industry, personal care, and cosmetics. This text addresses the dearth of expertise and discusses how skin can be a route of delivery and the processes in formulation development, but how such an application is very different to that used for oral, IV, and other administration routes. Key Features: Presents a practical guide for both industry and academia Focuses on and draws together the fundamental principles behind transdermal and topical drug delivery Illustrates the practicalities of formulation design using key case studies Gives an understanding of the skin as a route of delivery and how formulation development for such application differs from that for other administration routes
Book Synopsis Computational Drug Delivery by : Pooja A. Chawla
Download or read book Computational Drug Delivery written by Pooja A. Chawla and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2024-10-07 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book bridges the gap between pharmaceutics and molecular modelling at the micro, meso and macro scale. It covers Lipinski's rule of five, nanoparticulate drug delivery, computational prediction of drug solubility and ability to cross blood brain barrier, computer-based simulation of pharmacokinetic parameters, virtual screening of mucoadhesive polymers, QSPR modelling, designing of 2D nanomaterials and role of principal component analysis.
Book Synopsis Topical Drug Bioavailability, Bioequivalence, and Penetration by : Vinod P. Shah
Download or read book Topical Drug Bioavailability, Bioequivalence, and Penetration written by Vinod P. Shah and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-30 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative volume explores advances in the techniques used to measure percutaneous penetration of drugs and chemicals to assess bioavailability and bioequivalence and discusses how they have been used in clinical and scientific investigations. Seven comprehensive sections examine topics including in vitro drug release, topical drugs products, clinical studies, and guidelines and workshop reports, among others. The book also describes how targeted transdermal drug delivery and more sophisticated mathematical modelling can aid in understanding the bioavailability of transdermal drugs. The first edition of this book was an important reference guide for researchers working to define the effectiveness and safety of drugs and chemicals that penetrated the skin. This second edition contains cutting-edge advances in the field and is a key resource to those seeking to define the bioavailability and bioequivalence of percutaneously active compounds to improve scientific and clinical investigation and regulation.
Book Synopsis Theoretical Prediction of Drug Release in GI Tract from Spherical Matrix Systems by : Naga Lakshmi Ramana Susarla
Download or read book Theoretical Prediction of Drug Release in GI Tract from Spherical Matrix Systems written by Naga Lakshmi Ramana Susarla and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The significance of controlled release drug delivery systems (CRDDS) lies in their ability to deliver the drug at a steady rate thus reducing the dosage interval and providing a prolonged pharmacodynamic effect. But despite the steadily increasing practical importance of these devices, little is known regarding their underlying drug release mechanisms. Mathematical modeling of these drug delivery systems could help us understand the underlying mass transport mechanisms involved in the control of drug release. Mathematical modeling also plays an important role in providing us with valuable information such as the amount of drug released during a certain period of time and when the next dosage needs to be administered. Thus, potentially reducing the number of in-vitro and in-vivo experiments which in some cases are infeasible. There is a large spectrum of published mathematical models for predicting drug release from CRDDS in vitro following conventional approaches. These models describe drug release from various types of controlled delivery devices for perfect sink conditions. However in a real system (human body) a sink condition may not be applicable. For a CRDDS along with the physiochemical properties (solubility, diffusion, particle size, crystal form etc.) the physiological factors such as gastrointestinal tract (GI) pH, stomach emptying, (GI) motility, presence of food, elimination kinetics etc., also affect the rate of drug release. As the drug delivery system is expected to stay in the human body for a longer period of time when compared to a immediate release dosage form the process of drug release occurs in conjunction with the absorption (for oral delivery systems) and elimination kinetics. Earlier work by Ouruemchi et.al.[71] include prediction of the plasma drug concentration for an oral diffusion controlled drug delivery system. Amidon et.al.[68] developed several models for predicting the amount of drug absorbed within through the intestine walls for immediate release dosage forms. However none of these models study the effect of absorption rate on the rate of drug release for an oral controlled drug delivery system. In this work mathematical models are developed for prediction of drug release from both diffusion controlled and dissolution controlled drug delivery systems taking into account the affect of absorption rate. Spherical geometry of the particles is considered. The model is developed by assuming that the drug is release into a finite volume and is thereby absorbed through the intestine wall following first order kinetics. A closed form solution is obtained for the prediction of fraction of drug released for a diffusion controlled drug delivery system. The results are compared with both experimental data (taken from literature) as well as existing models in the literature. Whereas for a dissolution-diffusion controlled drug delivery system non linear dissolution kinetics are taken into consideration and the problem is solved by both numerical and analytical techniques. In addition two simple models are also presented for dissolution controlled drug delivery devices.
Book Synopsis Mathematics for Healthcare by : Krasimira Tsaneva-Atanasova
Download or read book Mathematics for Healthcare written by Krasimira Tsaneva-Atanasova and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-09-28 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1996, and with extraordinary prescience, Panfilov and Holden had highlighted in their seminal book 'Computational Biology of the Heart' that biology was, potentially, the most mathematical of all sciences. Fast-forward 20 years and we have seen an explotion of applications of mathematics in not only biology, but healthcare that has already produced significant breakthroughs not imaginable more than 20 years ago. Great strides have been made in explaining through quantitative methods the underlying mechanisms of human disease, not without considerable ingenuity and effort. Biological mechanisms are bewildering: complex, ever evolving, multi-scale, variable, difficult to fully access and understand. This poses immense challenges to the computational physiology community that, nevertheless, has developed an impressive arsenal of tools and methods in a vertiginous race to combat disease with the tall order of improving human healthcare. Mechanistic models are now contending with the advent of machine learning in healthcare and the hope is that both approaches will be used synergistically since the complexity of human patophysiology and the difficulty of acquiring human datasets will require both, deductive and inductive methods. This Research Topic presents work that is currently at the frontier in computational physiology with a striking range of applications, from diabetes to graft failure and using a multitude of mathematical tools. This collection of articles represents a snapshot in a field that is moving a dizzying speed, bringing understanding of fundamental mechanism and solutions to healthcare problems experienced by healthcare systems all over the world.
Download or read book CMBEBIH 2017 written by Almir Badnjevic and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-14 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents the proceedings of the International Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering held from 16 to 18 March 2017 in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Focusing on the theme of ‘Pursuing innovation. Shaping the future’, it highlights the latest advancements in Biomedical Engineering and also presents the latest findings, innovative solutions and emerging challenges in this field. Topics include: - Biomedical Signal Processing - Biomedical Imaging and Image Processing - Biosensors and Bioinstrumentation - Bio-Micro/Nano Technologies - Biomaterials - Biomechanics, Robotics and Minimally Invasive Surgery - Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Endocrine Systems Engineering - Neural and Rehabilitation Engineering - Molecular, Cellular and Tissue Engineering - Bioinformatics and Computational Biology - Clinical Engineering and Health Technology Assessment - Health Informatics, E-Health and Telemedicine - Biomedical Engineering Education - Pharmaceutical Engineering
Book Synopsis Concepts and Models for Drug Permeability Studies by : Bruno Sarmento
Download or read book Concepts and Models for Drug Permeability Studies written by Bruno Sarmento and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-02-23 with total page 708 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concepts and Models for Drug Permeability Studies: Cell and Tissue Based in Vitro Culture Models, Second Edition, summarizes the most important developments in in vitro models for predicting the permeability of drugs. This book is structured around three different approaches, summarizing the most recent achievements regarding models comprising (i) immortalized cells with an intrinsic ability to grow as monolayers when seeded in permeable supports, (ii) primary cells isolated from living organisms and directly cultured as barrier monolayers, and (iii) tissue-based models constructed with cell lines and extracellular matrix that resembles the tridimensional structure of mucosae and other biological membranes, or animal/patient-derived tissues. Each model is covered in detail, including the protocol of generation and application for specific drugs/drug delivery systems. The equivalence between in vitro cell and tissue models and in vivo conditions is discussed, highlighting how each model may provisionally resemble different drug absorption route. Chapters included in the first edition were updated with relevant data published in recent years, while four new chapters were included to reflect new emerging directions and trends in drug permeability models. Concepts and Models for Drug Permeability Studies: Cell and Tissue Based in Vitro Culture Models, Second Edition, is a critical reference for drug discovery and drug formulation scientists interested in delivery systems intended for the administration of drugs through mucosal routes and other important tissue barriers (e.g. the BBB). Researchers studying mucosal biology can use this book to familiarize themselves and exploit the synergic effect of mucosal delivery systems and biomolecules. - Summarizes the current advances in the use of permeability models in drug transport - Covers the most important buccal, gastric, intestinal, pulmonary, nasal, vaginal, ocular, renal, skin, and blood–brain barrier in vitro models. Includes case studies to facilitate understanding of various concepts in computer-aided applications - Updates in the second edition include organ-on-chip devices, 3D advanced models (multiple layered tissues, organoids, etc.), and multicompartmentalized tissue models
Book Synopsis Biopharmaceutics by : Hannah Batchelor
Download or read book Biopharmaceutics written by Hannah Batchelor and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-12-13 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explore the latest research in biopharmaceutics from leading contributors in the field In Biopharmaceutics - From Fundamentals to Industrial Practice, distinguished Scientists from the UK's Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences Biopharmaceutica Focus Group deliver a comprehensive examination of the tools used within the field of biopharmaceutics and their applications to drug development. This edited volume is an indispensable tool for anyone seeking to better understand the field of biopharmaceutics as it rapidly develops and evolves. Beginning with an expansive introduction to the basics of biopharmaceutics and the context that underpins the field, the included resources go on to discuss how biopharmaceutics are integrated into product development within the pharmaceutical industry. Explorations of how the regulatory aspects of biopharmaceutics function, as well as the impact of physiology and anatomy on the rate and extent of drug absorption, follow. Readers will find insightful discussions of physiologically based modeling as a valuable asset in the biopharmaceutics toolkit and how to apply the principles of the field to special populations. The book goes on to discuss: Thorough introductions to biopharmaceutics, basic pharmacokinetics, and biopharmaceutics measures Comprehensive explorations of solubility, permeability, and dissolution Practical discussions of the use of biopharmaceutics to inform candidate drug selection and optimization, as well as biopharmaceutics tools for rational formulation design In-depth examinations of biopharmaceutics classification systems and regulatory biopharmaceutics, as well as regulatory biopharmaceutics and the impact of anatomy and physiology Perfect for professionals working in the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industries, Biopharmaceutics - From Fundamentals to Industrial Practice is an incisive and up-to-date resource on the practical, pharmaceutical applications of the field.
Book Synopsis Predicting Passive Intestinal Drug Absorption: An Interesting Relationship Between Fraction Absorbed and Melting Point by :
Download or read book Predicting Passive Intestinal Drug Absorption: An Interesting Relationship Between Fraction Absorbed and Melting Point written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oral drug administration remains the most popular route of drug delivery. Absorption of the dissolved drug through the intestinal epithelial membrane is a prerequisite to systemic bioavailability and drug efficacy. In efforts to reduce the long lead times, attrition rates, and costs of drug discovery and development, computational models have been developed to predict the membrane permeability and absorption efficiency of a dosed drug. Many models utilize various molecular descriptors to correlate with in vitro permeability or human intestinal absorption data. It is widely accepted that the two most significant physicochemical properties that control a compound's passive transport process are its aqueous solubility and lipophilicity characteristics. This work will discuss the theoretical background of passive transport, a number of computational models developed to predict in vitro permeability, other models that predict human fraction of dose absorbed, and predicting absorption efficiency relative to a maximum dose. A newly developed prediction method is also presented, that reveals an interesting relationship between fraction absorbed and the melting point of the drug.
Book Synopsis Drug Absorption Studies by : Kwang-Jin Kim Edited By - Carsten Ehrhardt
Download or read book Drug Absorption Studies written by Kwang-Jin Kim Edited By - Carsten Ehrhardt and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Topics 1. Models for Skin Absorption and Skin Toxicity Testing. 2. Models of the Small Intestine. 3. Drug Absorption from the Colon In Situ. 4. In Vivo and In Vitro Models for Assessing Drug Absorption Across the Bucal Mucosa. 5. In Situ and Ex Vivo Nasal Models for Preclinical Drug Development Studies. 6. The Isolated Perfused Lung for Drug Absorption Studies. 7. In Vitro Models for Investigations of Buccal Drug Permeation and Metabolism. 8. In Vitro Screening Models to Assess Intestinal Drug Absorption and Metabolism. 9. In Vitro Cellular Models for Nasal Drug Absorption Studies. 10. In Vitro Models of the Tracheo-Bronchial Epithelium. 11. In Vitro Models of the Alveolar Epithelial Barrier. 12. Cell Culture Models of the Corneal Epithelium and Reconstructed Cornea Equivalents for In Vitro Drug Absorption Studies. 13. The Conjunctival Barrier in Ocular Drug Delivery. 14. Inner Blood-Retinal Barrier : Transport Biology and Methodology. 15. Regulation of Paracellular Permeability in Low-Resistance Human Vaginal-Cervical Epithelia. 16. In Vitro Models and Multidrug Resistance Mechanisms of the Placental Barrier. 17. In Vitro Models to Study Blood-Brain Barrier Function. 18. High-Throughput Screening Using Caco-2 Cell and PAMPA Systems. 19. Instrumented In Vitro Approaches to Assess Epithelial Permeability of Drugs from Pharmaceutical Formulations. 20. Modeling Trandermal Absorption. 21. Physiologically Based in Silico Models for the Prediction of Oral Drug Absorption. 22. In Silico Modeling for Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Predictions. 23. Impact of Drug Transport Proteins. 24. Cloning and Functional Heterologous Expression of Transporters. 25. The Pharmacology of Caveolae. 26. Immortalization Strategies for Epithelial Cells in Primary Culture. 27. Binding-Uptake Studies and Cellular Targeting. 28. Drug Permeability Studies in Regulatory Biowaiver Applications.
Book Synopsis Drug Absorption Studies by : Carsten Ehrhardt
Download or read book Drug Absorption Studies written by Carsten Ehrhardt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-22 with total page 711 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a well thought-out, highly practical text covering contemporary ‘in vitro’ techniques for drug absorption studies. Starting at the molecular level of investigation, it continues with cell monolayer models (both primary and cell lines) and culminates with in situ techniques as a final testing format. In addition, chapters on high-throughput assays, in vitro-in vivo correlation, bioinformatics and regulatory issues are covered, giving a comprehensive overview of available models and techniques. Moreover, an appendix consisting of a number of practical protocols is available online, updated as needed, and should prove very helpful to apply the techniques directly to the benchside.
