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The Development And Implementation Of Biological Cleaning Techniques For Ultrafiltration And Reverse Osmosis Membranes Fouled By Organic Substances
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Book Synopsis The Development and Implementation of Biological Cleaning Techniques for Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes Fouled by Organic Substances by : Pieter Swart
Download or read book The Development and Implementation of Biological Cleaning Techniques for Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes Fouled by Organic Substances written by Pieter Swart and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Technical Report by : South Africa. Water Research Commission
Download or read book Technical Report written by South Africa. Water Research Commission and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ultrafiltration Membrane Cleaning Processes by : Guillem Gilabert-Oriol
Download or read book Ultrafiltration Membrane Cleaning Processes written by Guillem Gilabert-Oriol and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2021-06-08 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the ultrafiltration membranes, specifically focusing on the elements that are produced using PVDF technology and out-side-in configuration. It specifically targets ultrafiltration technology as a pretreatment of seawater reverse osmosis desalination process. However, what is described in the book can be leveraged in other ultrafiltration membrane types. It explains how to significantly improve the efficiency of the process.
Book Synopsis Development of Ultrafiltration Membrane-Separation Technology for Energy-Efficient Water Treatment and Desalination Process by :
Download or read book Development of Ultrafiltration Membrane-Separation Technology for Energy-Efficient Water Treatment and Desalination Process written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growing scarcity of fresh water is a major political and economic challenge in the 21st century. Compared to thermal-based distillation technique of water production, pressure driven membrane-based water purification process, such as ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO), can offer more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly solution to clean water production. Potential applications also include removal of hazardous chemicals (i.e., arsenic, pesticides, organics) from water. Although those membrane-separation technologies have been used to produce drinking water from seawater (desalination) and non-traditional water (i.e., municipal wastewater and brackish groundwater) over the last decades, they still have problems in order to be applied in large-scale operations. Currently, a major huddle of membrane-based water purification technology for large-scale commercialization is membrane fouling and its resulting increases in pressure and energy cost of filtration process. Membrane cleaning methods, which can restore the membrane properties to some degree, usually cause irreversible damage to the membranes. Considering that electricity for creating of pressure constitutes a majority of cost (~50%) in membrane-based water purification process, the development of new nano-porous membranes that are more resistant to degradation and less subject to fouling is highly desired. Styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene (SEBS) block copolymer is one of the best known block copolymers that induces well defined morphologies. Due to the polarity difference of aromatic styrene unit and saturated ethylene/butylene unit, these two polymer chains self-assemble each other and form different phase-separated morphologies depending on the ratios of two polymer chain lengths. Because the surface of SEBS is hydrophobic which easily causes fouling of membrane, incorporation of ionic group (e, g, sulfonate) to the polymer is necessary to reduces fouling. Recently, sulfonated SEBS became commercially available and has been extensively explored for membrane-mediated water purification technology. The sulfonated block copolymer creates a well developed nano-sale phase-separated morphologies composed of hydrophilic domains (sulfonated polystyrene) and hydrophobic domains (polyethylene/polybutylene). The hydrophilic domains determines transport properties (water transport, salt and/or ion rejection, etc) and the hydrophobic domains provides mechanical stability of the membrane. Unfortunately, a high degree of sulfonation of SEBS induces excessive swelling and deterioration of mechanical stability of the membrane. In an effort to develop robust polymeric membrane materials for water purification technology, phosphonic acid-functionalized SEBS membranes are investigated during this report period. In compare to sulfonated polymers, the corresponding phosphonated polymers are known to swell less because of the formation of extensive hydrogen bonding networks between phosphonates. In addition to the expected better mechanical stability, phosphonated polymers has another advantage over sulfonated polymers for the use water purification membrane; each phosphonate can accommodate two ions while each sulfonate accommodates only one ion. Membrane properties (ion type, ionic density, etc) of new membranes will be studied and their separation performance will be evaluated in water purification and desalination process. Through systematic study of the relationship of chemical structure-surface property-membrane performance, we aim to better understand the nature of membrane fouling and develop more fouling-resistant water purification membranes. The basic understanding of this relationship will lead to the development of advanced membrane materials which can offer a solution to environmentally sustainable production of fresh water.
Book Synopsis Development in Wastewater Treatment Research and Processes by : Maulin P. Shah
Download or read book Development in Wastewater Treatment Research and Processes written by Maulin P. Shah and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-01-20 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Oxidation Processes for Tannery Effluent provides a detailed overview of currently applied and tested sewage treatment technologies and he integration of advanced processes to remove trace organic contaminants and micro-organisms. The book discusses the potential of improved biological treatment to produce reusable wastewater, new municipal wastewater disinfection processes and the reduction of bacteria resistant to antibiotics as well as the effects of advanced oxidation processes on microbial and chemical contaminants. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Tannery Effluent features membrane bioreactors, moving bed bioreactors, light and solar technology, ozonation and immobilized heterogeneous photocatalysis, and provides an assessment of the potential of built wetlands integrated with advanced oxidation technologies to ensure wastewater recycling for reuse. The book discusses issues and standards for water reuse, the state of application of membrane bioreactors and the treatment of reverse osmosis concentrate for better water use in wastewater treatment. It presents the latest developments in the field of drinking water reuse and addresses various important issues in this context, such as proper public health protection, reliability and monitoring. Includes advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment Describes various methodologies to treat tannery effluent Outlines applications of different types of treatment strategies to cope up with tannery effluent Applies tertiary advanced oxidation process to remove toxic contaminants from wastewater Provides biochemical pathways of degraded contaminants through various oxidation processes
Book Synopsis Wastewater Resource Recovery and Biological Methods by : Pardeep Singh
Download or read book Wastewater Resource Recovery and Biological Methods written by Pardeep Singh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-21 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is unique in highlighting the issue of wastewater as one of the important environmental issues. The uniqueness also lies in exploring the concepts of converting waste into resources in the form of bioenergy, biofertilizers through various biological methods. Given the international scenario, the chapters of this book are designed to include both anaerobic and aerobic methods of resource recovery from the industrial wastewater. The book is a step toward design with nature and the concept of green chemistry. Waste menace is one of the most voiced and unsolved problems in the entire world. The whole world is facing the threat of water pollution, soil pollution/ land pollution, odour pollution from the growing waste. Though we find many missions and programs at international, national, and regional level to solve the waste associated issues, this is mostly in context with the solid fraction of the waste. Very little is being done to manage the liquid part of the waste or what we call the wastewater. The conversion of wastewater has the potential to be converted to energy in the form bioenergy, bio-fertilizers, electricity, nutrient recovery, etc. The use of sludge as biofertilizers solves the problem of sludge management on the one hand and production of organic crops on the other. The biological treatment methods like sludge treatment gives the farmers the source of biofertilizers and organic manure for the plants. In the present scenario, energy crisis is also one of the issues that we are facing particularly in context with the thermal power plants which are environmentally highly polluting. Through various techniques like microbial fuel cells or biohydrogen, we get a source of cleaner energy. So, through this book, we try to produce the content and information to give the audience an understanding of the waste water as one of the environmental and health issues and mitigation strategies. The book gives a sufficient understanding of how waste can be turned into a resource.
Book Synopsis Natural Organics Removal Using Membranes by : Andrea Schafer
Download or read book Natural Organics Removal Using Membranes written by Andrea Schafer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-08-31 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural Organics Removal Using Membranes: Principles, Performance, and Cost provides a unique combination of important new data and operational parameters on the role of membranes in removing natural organic materials during water treatment. It examines and compares the three pressure-driven membrane processes of choice-ultrafiltration, microfiltra
Book Synopsis Water, Salt and Nitrosamine Transport Across Clean and Biofouled Reverse Osmosis Membranes by : Sophie Walewijk
Download or read book Water, Salt and Nitrosamine Transport Across Clean and Biofouled Reverse Osmosis Membranes written by Sophie Walewijk and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reverse Osmosis (RO) uses semi-permeable membranes to remove contaminants from water, producing highly purified water from saline or polluted water. This technology is gaining increased attention for treating wastewater for potable reuse, an application that requires reliable removal of contaminants, such as carcinogenic N-nitrosamines, considered dangerous to human health, . N-nitrosamines, including the disinfection by-product N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), can pass through RO membranes. Biofouling of RO membranes is a challenging problem in the application of RO technology for seawater desalination and water reclamation. Biofouling occurs when microorganisms that feed on nutrients in waters form a layer on the RO membrane surface, reducing water passage. Importantly, this process generally reduces rejection of contaminants by the membrane. Currently it is not known to what extent biofouling affects the passage of small, neutral organic compounds such as NDMA and by what mechanisms biofouling diminishes membrane performance. This thesis examined the effect of biofouling on the passage of five nitrosamines and evaluated the relative contributions of four proposed fouling mechanisms using physical models. The four models evaluated were: enhanced concentration polarization (ECP), hydraulic resistance (HR), surface masking (SM), and charge neutralization (CN). Fouling by surface masking is a newly proposed mechanism by which a certain fraction of the membrane area is completely blocked to water passage. Results show the changes in rejection of small neutral organic compounds caused by biofouling, quantify the contribution of concentration polarization to biofouling, and introduce surface masking as a biofouling mechanism to attribute the portion of biofouling not explained by ECP. In laboratory experiments, the transport of water, sodium chloride and nitrosamines through clean NF90 membranes were evaluated with a combined solution-diffusion concentration polarization (SD-CP) model. The sensitivity of the mass transfer coefficient, k, on modeling solute rejection was evaluated by estimating k in three ways: Sherwood estimation, Sutzkover estimation and Murthy Gupta fitting of k to the SD-CP model. The SD-CP model best modeled the rejection of small neutral organic solutes by the NF90 membrane by using k as a fitting parameter. Values of k obtained in this way were 1.5 times higher than those obtained by the traditional Sherwood approach. A technique was developed to build biolayers on RO membranes. Biolayer development occurred over four distinct phases: (1) lag-phase bacterial growth, (2) rapid bacterial growth, (3) slowed bacterial growth, and (4) stagnated bacterial growth due to depletion of the electron donor. Establishment of a biofilm of 24.3 [unknown symbol]m resulted in 75% flux decline, 2.5-fold increase in salt passage, and 13-30% increase in the passage of five different nitrosamines. These increases occurred primarily over bacterial growth phases (2) and (3). To evaluate concentration polarization caused by a biolayer, its porosity needs to be estimated. For realistic porosities (> 0.2), enhanced concentration polarization only marginally contributed to biofouling. Charge neutralization was not considered significant because changes in rejection of charged compounds (salts) and uncharged compounds (nitrosamines) were comparable. Although hydraulic resistance of exopolymeric substances (EPS) was not ruled out, the majority of the observed flux decline was attributed to surface masking.
Book Synopsis South African national bibliography by :
Download or read book South African national bibliography written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Classified list with author and title index.
Book Synopsis Current Trends and Future Developments on (Bio-) Membranes by : Angelo Basile
Download or read book Current Trends and Future Developments on (Bio-) Membranes written by Angelo Basile and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-09-15 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current Trends and Future Developments on (Bio-) Membranes: Reverse and Forward Osmosis: Principles, Applications, Advances covers the important aspects of RO, FO and their combination in integrated systems, along with their specific and well-established applications. The book offers an overview of recent developments in the field of forward and reverse osmosis and their applications in water desalination, wastewater treatment, power generation and food processing. General principles, membrane module developments, membrane fouling, modeling, simulation and optimization of both technologies are also covered. The book's ultimate goal is to support the scientific community, professionals and enterprises that aspire to develop new applications. Provides an overview of the advances made in combining reverse osmosis membrane technology and the corresponding forward osmosis Provides a comprehensive review of advanced research on membrane processes for water desalination, wastewater treatments, etc. Addresses key issues in process intensification and extraction of energy from renewable sources Identifies further research needs for the practical implementation of these two membrane technologies
Book Synopsis Current Trends and Future Developments on (Bio-) Membranes by : Angelo Basile
Download or read book Current Trends and Future Developments on (Bio-) Membranes written by Angelo Basile and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-09-12 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current Trends and Future Developments in (Bio-) Membranes: Renewable Energy Integrated with Membrane Operations offers an overview of advanced technologies in the field of water desalination, wastewater treatment and hydrogen production that is coupled with renewable energy sources. Membrane processes are well-recognized technologies in the field of water and wastewater treatment. This book reviews their potential and lists new technologies which allow for the use of solar, hydroelectric, wind, hydrothermal and other forms of renewable energy with the same effect. In addition, it highlights what has already been achieved in the integration of membrane reactors and energy produced by biomass. Provides an overview of the interconnections between membrane technology and renewable energy sources Provides a comprehensive review of advanced research on membrane processes for water desalination, wastewater treatment and hydrogen production Relates the various processes to energy sources, including solar, wind, biomass and geothermal energy Addresses key issues involved in the use of renewable energy in wastewater treatment
Book Synopsis Optimization of Chemical Cleaning of Organic-fouled Reverse Osmosis Membranes by : Wui Seng Ang
Download or read book Optimization of Chemical Cleaning of Organic-fouled Reverse Osmosis Membranes written by Wui Seng Ang and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Electrically Conductive Membrane Materials and Systems by : Farah Ahmed
Download or read book Electrically Conductive Membrane Materials and Systems written by Farah Ahmed and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-05-04 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrically Conductive Membrane Materials and Systems offers in-depth insight into the transformative role of electrically conductive materials in membrane separation processes for desalination and water treatment. The book focuses on the intelligent design of conductive membranes and systems, fouling and related phenomena, fouling control using electrically conductive materials, and electrically tunable membrane systems for microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and membrane distillation. With rising concerns around inaccessibility to freshwater and the ever increasing threats of population growth, climate change, and urban development, the book brings electrically conducting materials to the forefront of membrane separation technology with an emphasis on their role in the mitigation of fouling and related phenomena. Electrically conducting materials expand the versatility of membrane technology and ultimately improve access to safe water. The book is important reading for scientists, engineers, entrepreneurs, and enthusiasts from the water industry who seek to familiarize themselves with a groundbreaking area of study within modern desalination and water treatment. • Explores novel membrane materials and systems from preparation methods, materials selection, and their application in monitoring, fouling control, and performance enhancement. • Examines the mechanism of fouling prevention and cleaning in various electrically conductive materials. • Evaluates the scalability of antifouling materials and coatings, as well as electrically enhanced processes for monitoring and control in membrane separation technology. • Assesses advantages and limitations of applying electrically conductive membrane systems to fouling control for specific water treatment applications. • Provides a critical review of scientific literature in the specialized area of electrical conductive materials and systems for membrane technology.
Book Synopsis Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering by : How Yong Ng
Download or read book Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering written by How Yong Ng and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-01-31 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Advanced Membrane Separation Processes for Sustainable Water and Wastewater Management – Aerobic Membrane Bioreactor Processes and Technologies consolidates up-to-date research developments in AeMBR systems for wastewater treatments in terms of membrane materials and decorations, reactor designs and fouling mechanisms. It includes discussions on developments in AeMBR research on energy efficiency and fouling control strategies, gaps, future research and application perspectives. This book is a potential resource for membrane separation and AeMBR practitioners, engineers, scientists, educators and students, and public to understand the latest developments and future prospects in membrane technology. Provides the latest comprehensive review in various important aspects of AeMBR Consolidates scattered AeMBR information into a single easily assessible resource Provides state-of-the-art technology development of membrane separation, AeMBR reactor designs, membrane development, advantages and challenges in operational implementation and their appropriate control strategies Presents a comprehensive review on Quorum Quenching (QQ) fouling control strategy, QQ benefits and drawbacks Provides an excellent resource on the latest techniques in characterizing and understanding fouling mechanisms
Book Synopsis Rejection of Emerging Organic Contaminants by Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes by : Victor Augusto Yangali Quintanilla
Download or read book Rejection of Emerging Organic Contaminants by Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes written by Victor Augusto Yangali Quintanilla and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-05-11 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pollution of water sources with emerging contaminants (micropollutants) is a fact known worldwide. Although the risks of micropollutants in sources of water are partly recognized, interpretation of consequences are controversial; thus, the future effects of altered water with micropollutants remains uncertain and may constitute a point of conc
Book Synopsis COMMON FUNDAMENTALS AND UNIT OPERATIONS IN THERMAL DESALINATION SYSTEMS - Volume I by :
Download or read book COMMON FUNDAMENTALS AND UNIT OPERATIONS IN THERMAL DESALINATION SYSTEMS - Volume I written by and published by EOLSS Publications. This book was released on 2010-11-08 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These volumes are part of Encyclopedia of Water Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The three volumes present state-of-the art subject matter of various aspects of Common Fundamentals and Unit Operations in Thermal Desalination Systems such as: Conventional Water Treatment Technologies; Guidelines for Potable Water Purification; Advanced Treatment Technologies for Recycle - Reuse of Domestic Wastewater; Composition of Desalinated Water; Crystallization; Deep Bed Filtration: Modeling Theory and Practice; Distillation ; Rectification; Flocculation and Flocculation Filtration; Hazardous Waste Treatment Technologies; Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration; Post-Treatment of Distillate and Permeate; Pre-Cleaning Measures: Filtration; Raw Water Pre-Treatment: Sludge Treatment Technologies; Supercritical Extraction; Potential for Industrial Wastewater Reuse; Treatment of Industrial Wastewater by Membrane Bioreactors; Unconventional Sources of Water Supply; Problem of Non-Condensable Gas Release in Evaporators; Entrainment in Evaporators; Mist Eliminators; Chemical Hazards in Seawater Desalination by the Multistage-Flash Evaporation Technique; Concentration of Liquid Foods; Environmental Impact of Seawater Desalination Plants; Environmental Impacts of Intakes and Out Falls; Industrial Ecology, Water Resources, and Desalination; Rural and Urban Water Supply and Sanitation; Sustainable Development, Water Supply and Sanitation Technology These volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy and Decision Makers.
Book Synopsis Chemical Engineering and Chemical Process Technology - Volume II by : Ryzhard Pohorecki
Download or read book Chemical Engineering and Chemical Process Technology - Volume II written by Ryzhard Pohorecki and published by EOLSS Publications. This book was released on 2010-11-30 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical Engineering and Chemical Process Technology is a theme component of Encyclopedia of Chemical Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty Encyclopedias. Chemical engineering is a branch of engineering, dealing with processes in which materials undergo changes in their physical or chemical state. These changes may concern size, energy content, composition and/or other application properties. Chemical engineering deals with many processes belonging to chemical industry or related industries (petrochemical, metallurgical, food, pharmaceutical, fine chemicals, coatings and colors, renewable raw materials, biotechnological, etc.), and finds application in manufacturing of such products as acids, alkalis, salts, fuels, fertilizers, crop protection agents, ceramics, glass, paper, colors, dyestuffs, plastics, cosmetics, vitamins and many others. It also plays significant role in environmental protection, biotechnology, nanotechnology, energy production and sustainable economical development. The Theme on Chemical Engineering and Chemical Process Technology deals, in five volumes and covers several topics such as: Fundamentals of Chemical Engineering; Unit Operations – Fluids; Unit Operations – Solids; Chemical Reaction Engineering; Process Development, Modeling, Optimization and Control; Process Management; The Future of Chemical Engineering; Chemical Engineering Education; Main Products, which are then expanded into multiple subtopics, each as a chapter. These five volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers and NGOs.
