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Author : Yōichi Okazaki
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Demographic Transition and Fertility Decline in Japan written by Yōichi Okazaki and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Frances McCall Rosenbluth
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780804768207
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (682 download)
Download or read book The Political Economy of Japan's Low Fertility written by Frances McCall Rosenbluth and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2006-12-08 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book takes an interdisciplinary approach to one of Japan's thorniest public policy issues: why are women increasingly forgoing motherhood? At the heart of the matter lies a paradox: although the overall trend among rich countries is for fertility to decrease as female labor participation increases, gender-friendly countries resist the trend. Conversely, gender-unfriendly countries have lower fertility rates than they would have if they changed their labor markets to encourage the hiring of women—and therein lies Japan's problem. The authors argue that the combination of an inhospitable labor market for women and insufficient support for childcare pushes women toward working harder to promote their careers, to the detriment of childbearing. Controversial and enlightening, this book provides policy recommendations for solving not just Japan's fertility issue but those of other modern democracies facing a similar crisis.
Author : Toru Suzuki
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 4431547800
Total Pages : 95 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (315 download)
Download or read book Low Fertility and Population Aging in Japan and Eastern Asia written by Toru Suzuki and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-02-04 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a unique comparative view of the extremely low fertility and drastic population aging in Eastern Asian countries. After discussing demographic and political developments of Japan in detail as a reference case, accelerated changes in Korea, Taiwan and China are interpreted with a comparative cultural view. In addition to the well-known cultural divide between countries with strong and weak family ties, this book proposes another divide between offspring of the feudal family and that of the Confucian family. Included is a discussion of how the discrepancy between the compressed change in the socioeconomic system and the slow change in the family system has resulted in extremely low fertility in Eastern Asia. A comparison of policy development reveals that the sense of overpopulation has caused difficulty in launching pro-natal policy interventions in Eastern Asia, especially in China. Impacts of fertility decline on population aging, total dependency ratio and the timing of population decline in Eastern Asia are analyzed with a stylized model. The remaining Confucian family pattern is especially important in understanding and predicting political development to cope with accelerated population aging. This book is a valuable resource for researchers who are interested in the latest and most surprising demographic phenomena in the region.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (143 download)
Download or read book The Demographic Transition and Fertility Decline in Japan written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Toshihiko Hara
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 4431548106
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (315 download)
Download or read book A Shrinking Society written by Toshihiko Hara and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-14 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the book to focus on a new phenomenon emerging in the twenty-first century: the rapidly aging and decreasing population of a well-developed country, namely, Japan. The meaning of this phenomenon has been successfully clarified as the possible historical consequence of the demographic transition from high birth and death rates to low ones. Japan has entered the post-demographic transitional phase and will be the fastest-shrinking society in the world, leading other Asian countries that are experiencing the same drastic changes. The author used the historical statistics, compiled by the Statistic Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications in 2006 and population projections for released in 2012 by the National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, to show the past and future development of the dependency ratio from 1891 to 2060. Then, utilizing the population life table and net reproduction rate, the effects of increasing life expectancy and declining fertility on the dependency ratio were observed separately. Finally, the historical relationships among women’s survival rates at reproductive age, the theoretical fertility rate to maintain the replacement level and the recorded total fertility rate (TFR) were analyzed. Historical observation showed TFR adapting to the theoretical level of fertility with a certain time lag and corresponding to women’s survival rates at reproductive age. Women’s increasing lifespan and survival rates could have influenced decision making to minimize the risk of childbearing. Even if the theoretical fertility rate meets the replacement level, women’s views of minimizing the risk may remain unchanged because for women the cost–benefit imbalance in childbearing is still too high in Japan. Based on the findings, the author discusses the sustainability of Japanese society in relation to national finances, social security reform, family policies, immigration policies and community polices.
Author : Carl Mosk
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 626 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Demographic Transition in Japan, 1920-1960 written by Carl Mosk and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Toru SUZUKI
Publisher : Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Lowest-Low Fertility and Its Demographic Impact in Japan written by Toru SUZUKI and published by Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca. This book was released on 2014-05-20 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aunque el envejecimiento de la población sea hoy ya en sí mismo un tema de interés para cualquier país y la comparación de las políticas públicas dirigidas a afrontarlo la forma más elemental y siempre fructífera de abordarlo, el estudio específico de los casos japonés y español (y, por extensión, europea) de sus elementos comunes y sus diferencias, tuvo, tiene y tendrá un especial interés para los investigadores, las autoridades y los actores sociales implicados en el problema. Envejecimiento de la población en España y Japón: estudio comparativo y posibles implicaciones para Europa y Asia Pacífico surge a partir de la celebración entre el 13 y el 17 de octubre de 2008 de un simposium, en el centro cultural Hispano-Japonés de la Universidad de Salamanca, con la participación de profesores de Europa y de Japón. El éxito de este seminario determinó la voluntad de plasmar en un libro las aportaciones más interesantes de cada uno de los brillantes investigadores que allí participaron.
Author : Kohei Wada
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9784431548300
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (483 download)
Download or read book The Economic Impact of Population Decline and Aging in Japan written by Kohei Wada and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-05 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the remarkably serious problems caused by aging and population decline in Japan, there are very few books that inform the world about them in English. Through this book, a Japanese economic demographer clearly shows the various economic consequences of population problems in Japan, especially the impacts of continuing ultra-low fertility and the world’s highest life expectancy in the post-demographic transition phase. The explanation is at a basic level but covers the overall economic issues including labor, capital, technical progress, consumption, savings and investment from a demographic perspective. Finally, some remedies for economic growth in Japan are proposed. Because economic policies are expected to have short-term effects while demographic ones to increase the fertility rate need some time to take effect, earlier books about the Japanese economy have hardly ever dealt with demographic policies. Furthermore, this book directly addresses the integrated economic and demographic policies appropriate to Japan. These are different from the French natalistic social policy, the Scandinavian policy of a work–life balance or the immigration policy in Australia or the United States. This book emphasizes the power of local communities in Japan as a part of East Asia. In this sense, the book provides a new key to readers who are interested in the future Japanese economy and population.
Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004194843
Total Pages : 569 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (41 download)
Download or read book Imploding Populations in Japan and Germany written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2011-06-09 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Japan and Germany are at the vanguard of a new population dynamics in developed countries: population decline in the absence of war, famine and pandemics. This book presents an in-depth overview of the social and economic implications of this development.
Author : Robert W. Hodge
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 9780226346502
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (465 download)
Download or read book Fertility Change in Contemporary Japan written by Robert W. Hodge and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors examine the striking decline in Japan's birthrate in light of the rapid urbanization, industrialization, and socioeconomic development experienced by the nation since World War II.
Author : Yukiko Senda
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 4431550666
Total Pages : 137 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (315 download)
Download or read book Childbearing and Careers of Japanese Women Born in the 1960s written by Yukiko Senda and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-11 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the keys to understanding the trajectory that Japanese society has followed toward its lowest-low fertility since the 1980s. The characteristics of the life course of women born in the 1960s, who were the first cohort to enter that trajectory, are explored by using both qualitative and quantitative data analyses. Among the many books explaining the decline in fertility, this book is unique in four ways. First, it describes in detail the reality of factors concerning the fertility decline in Japan. Second, the book uses both qualitative and quantitative methods to introduce the whole picture of how the low-fertility trend began in the 1980s and developed in the 1990s and thereafter. Third, the focus is on a specific birth cohort because their experiences determined the current patterns of family formation such as late marriage and postponed childbirth. Fourth, the book explores the knife-edge balance between work and family conditions, especially with regard to childbearing, in the context of Japanese management and gender norms. After examining the characteristics of demographic and socioeconomic circumstances of postwar Japan in detail, it can be seen that the change in family formation first occurred drastically in the 1960s cohort. Using both qualitative interview data cumulatively from 150 people and quantitative estimates with official statistics, this book shows how individual-level choices to balance work and family obligations resulted in a national-level fertility decline. Another focus of this book is the increasing unintended infertility due to postponed pregnancy, a phenomenon that is attracting great social attention because the average age of pregnancy is approaching the biological limit. This book is a valuable resource for researchers who are interested in the rapid fertility decline as well as the work–life balance and the life course of women in Japanese employment practice and family traditions.
Author : Takenori Aso
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1076 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Cultural Influences on Fertility in Japan written by Takenori Aso and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 1076 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Junya Tsutsui
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811324964
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)
Download or read book Work and Family in Japanese Society written by Junya Tsutsui and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-28 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a systematic framework for interpreting the fertility decline in Japan. It situates the change in fertility rates in a broader context, such as family life and working customs. The basic argument it puts forward is that Japan has failed to establish a “dual-earner” society: women still face the trade-off between having a career or starting a family, which has led to an extremely low fertility rate in Japanese society. Further to this rather common explanation, which could also be applied to other low-fertility societies such as Germany and Italy, the author presents an original view. Japan has had its own momentum in holding on to its strong “men as breadwinners and women as housekeepers” model by creating a unique regime, namely, a Japanese model of a welfare society. This regime places special emphasis on the welfare provided by private companies and family members instead of by the government. Private firms are expected to secure men’s jobs and income to the greatest extent, taking advantage of Japanese employment customs. On the other hand, women are expected to provide care for their family members. The book argues that the familialist orientation is still dominant in Japan and is repeatedly reinforced in the policy context.
Author : Takatoshi Ito
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226386880
Total Pages : 403 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (263 download)
Download or read book The Economic Consequences of Demographic Change in East Asia written by Takatoshi Ito and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-10-15 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent studies show that almost all industrial countries have experienced dramatic decreases in both fertility and mortality rates. This situation has led to aging societies with economies that suffer from both a decline in the working population and a rise in fiscal deficits linked to increased government spending. East Asia exemplifies these trends, and this volume offers an in-depth look at how long-term demographic transitions have taken shape there and how they have affected the economy in the region. The Economic Consequences of Demographic Change in East Asia assembles a group of experts to explore such topics as comparative demographic change, population aging, the rising cost of health care, and specific policy concerns in individual countries. The volume provides an overview of economic growth in East Asia as well as more specific studies on Japan, Korea, China, and Hong Kong. Offering important insights into the causes and consequences of this transition, this book will benefit students, researchers, and policy makers focused on East Asia as well as anyone concerned with similar trends elsewhere in the world.
Author : Population Problems Research Council (Tokyo)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book The Population and Society of Postwar Japan written by Population Problems Research Council (Tokyo) and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Noriko O. Tsuya
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 4431557814
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (315 download)
Download or read book Convergence to Very Low Fertility in East Asia: Processes, Causes, and Implications written by Noriko O. Tsuya and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-23 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the trends, underlying factors, and policy implications of fertility declines in three East Asian countries: Japan, South Korea, and China. In contrast to Western countries that have also experienced fertility declines to below-replacement levels, fertility decline in these East Asian countries is most notable in its rapidity and sheer magnitude. After a rapid decline shortly after the war, in which fertility was halved in one decade from 4.5 children per woman in 1947 to 2.1 in 1957, Japan's fertility started to decline to below-replacement levels in the mid-1970s, reaching 1.3 per woman in the early 2000s. Korea experienced one of the most spectacular declines ever recorded, with fertility falling continuously from very high (6.0 per woman) to a below-replacement level (1.6 per woman) between the early 1960s and mid-1980s, reaching 1.1 per woman in 2005. Similarly, after a dramatic decline from very high to low levels in one decade from the early 1970s to early 1980s, China's fertility reached around 1.5 per woman by 2005. Despite differences in timing, tempo, and scale of fertility declines, dramatic fertility reductions have resulted in extremely rapid population aging and foreshadow a long-term population decline in all three countries. This monograph provides a systematic comparison of fertility transitions in these East Asian countries and discusses the economic, social, and cultural factors that may account for their similarities and differences. After an overview of cultural backgrounds, economic transformations, and the evolution of policies, the trends and age patterns of fertility are examined. The authors then investigate changes in women's marriage and childbearing within marriage, the two major direct determinants of fertility, followed by an analysis of the social and economic factors underlying fertility and nuptiality changes, such as education, women's employment, and gender relations at home.
Author : Shigeki Matsuda
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811528306
Total Pages : 91 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)
Download or read book Low Fertility in Japan, South Korea, and Singapore written by Shigeki Matsuda and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-18 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the low fertility status in three developed Asian countries—Japan, South Korea, and Singapore—and outlines countermeasures for their declining birthrates. Based on the characteristics of each society, the authors discuss why their fertility rates have not yet recovered. Low fertility is a demographic phenomenon that first occurred in Europe and subsequently spread across other countries. Currently, the fertility rates in Europe are relatively stable, while those in developed Asian economies are the lowest worldwide. This may cause labor shortages and weaken their social security systems, undermining Asia’s social and economic sustainability despite its remarkable economic development. In response to low fertility, some Asian countries have implemented countermeasures: Japan has introduced measures based on childcare facilities and work–life balance. Similarly, since the mid-2000s South Korea has established countermeasures to promote a balance between work and child rearing, as well as expanded childcare services. Singapore began introducing countermeasures before the other two countries, including various advanced measures. Yet none of these countries has seen a full recovery in fertility rates. Based on a statistical analysis of survey results from the three countries, this book makes several important points. The first is that the policy has been ineffective in Japan due to a discrepancy between the needs of parents raising children and those who are the targets of the countermeasures. Second, the work–life balance and child-rearing support measures that have been promoted in Japan and South Korea have not affected the number of children that women want to have. Third, Singaporean values tend to place individual emphasis on competition with oneself (education and career status) rather than on married life. This intense competition has lowered fertility rates. To restore these rates, each country must promote policies that better address its specific issues.
