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The Consistent Description Of Kinetics And Hydrodynamics Of Quark Gluon Plasma On The Basis Of Nonequilibrium Thermofield Dynamics
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Book Synopsis The Consistent Description of Kinetics and Hydrodynamics of Quark-gluon Plasma on the Basis of Nonequilibrium Thermofield Dynamics by : M. V. Tokarchuk
Download or read book The Consistent Description of Kinetics and Hydrodynamics of Quark-gluon Plasma on the Basis of Nonequilibrium Thermofield Dynamics written by M. V. Tokarchuk and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Non-equilibrium Hydrodynamics of the Quark-gluon Plasma by : Nopoush Mohammad
Download or read book Non-equilibrium Hydrodynamics of the Quark-gluon Plasma written by Nopoush Mohammad and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments are currently the only controlled way to generate and study matter in the most extreme temperatures (T ~10e+12 K). At these temperatures matter undergoes a phase transition to an exotic phase of matter called the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). The QGP is an extremely hot and deconfined phase of matter where sub-nucleonic constituents (quarks and gluons) are asymptotically free. The QGP phase is important for different reasons. First of all, our universe existed in this phase up to approximately t ~10e-5 s after the Big Bang, before it cools down sufficiently to form any kind of quark bound states. In this regard, studying the QGP provides us with useful information about the dynamics and evolution of the early universe. Secondly, high-energy collisions serve as a microscope with a resolution on the order of 10e-15 m (several orders of magnitude more powerful than the best ever developed electron microscopes). With this fantastic probe, penetrating into the detailed structure of nucleons, and the discovery of new particles and fundamental phases are made possible. The dynamics of the QGP is based on quantum chromodynamics (which governs the interactions of quarks and gluons) and the associated force is "strong force". The strong collective behaviors observed experimentally inspired people to use dissipative fluid dynamics to model the dynamics of the medium. The QGP produced in heavy-ion collisions, experiences strong longitudinal expansion at early times which leads to a large momentum-space anisotropy in the local rest frame distribution function. The rapid longitudinal expansion casts doubt on the application of standard viscous hydrodynamics (vHydro) models, which lead to unphysical predictions such as negative pressure, negative one-particle distribution function, and so on. Anisotropic hydrodynamics (aHydro) takes into account the strong momentum-space anisotropy in the leading order distribution function in a consistent and systematic way. My dissertation is about the formulation and application of anisotropic hydrodynamics as a successful non-equilibrium hydrodynamics model for studying the QGP. For this purpose, I introduce the basic conformal anisotropic hydrodynamics formalism and then explain the ways we included realistic features (bulk degree of freedom, quasiparticle implementation of realistic equation of state, more realistic collisional kernel), to make it a suitable hydrodynamics model for studying the QGP generated in heavy-ion collisions. For verification of our model we have compared the evolution of model parameters predicted by aHydro and vHydro, with exact analytical solution of the Boltzmann equation. For this purpose, we have studied the evolution of the system under conformal Gubser flow using the aHydro model. By transforming to de Sitter spacetime (a non-trivial curved coordinate system) we simplified the dynamics to 0+1d spacetime. Comparisons with exact solutions show that aHydro better reproduces the exact solutions than the best available vHydro models. However, the system is not conformal and the aHydro needed to be improved to include a realistic prescription for the equation of state which takes care of non-ideal effect in the dynamics. In the framework of finite temperature eld theory the equation of state is provided by numerical calculation of QCD partition function using lattice QCD (LQCD), whereas, devising an equation of state for aHydro model is challenging because therein we deal with anisotropic pressures. In the next step of my research, we have designed a novel method for implementing the realistic equation of state (provided by lattice QCD) in the aHydro formalism. This model, called the quasiparticle aHydro model, integrates the non-conformal effects in the aHydro model. The non-conformal effects are due to strong interactions of plasma constituents which leads to temperature-dependence of the particles' effective mass in the system. Based on the quasiparticle picture, we have developed the quasiparticle aHydro (aHydroQP) model which has all necessary components for studying the phenomenology of the QGP created in heavy-ion collisions. We have then compared the phenomenological predictions of the aHydroQP model with experimental observations. Comparisons illustrate a high level of consistency between our model and the experimental data. The last two chapters are about two applications of the aHydro model to field-theoretical measurables in the QGP. In these chapters, we have calculated the quark self-energy in an anisotropic QGP. The quark self-energy is important because it encodes the way quarks gain interactional mass while in the hot QGP. I also have presented the calculation of gluon self-energy in hard loop approximation in an anisotropic QGP.The gluon self-energy is important since it is related to heavy-quark potential and heavy quarkonium suppression. Heavy quarkonia bound states, besides theoretical importance, serve as a thermometer for the QGP.
Book Synopsis Non-equilibrium Hydrodynamics of the Quark-Gluon Plasma, from Theory to Phenomenology by : Dekrayat K. Almaalol
Download or read book Non-equilibrium Hydrodynamics of the Quark-Gluon Plasma, from Theory to Phenomenology written by Dekrayat K. Almaalol and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is a deconfined phase of strongly interacting matter which can be described by the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). The QGP filled the entire universe in the early moments after the big bang and is believed to exist in the present time in the core of massive neutron stars. Understanding the physical properties of QGP and its non-equilibrium dynamics requires solving the full non-perturbative QCD equations of motion, which is an unsolved problem at this time. Ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions (URHICs) can be used to reproduce the extreme conditions of the early universe and create a short-lived QGP in the laboratory; in what is called the ``little'' bang. The highly momentum-anisotropic far-from-equilibrium initial state created in these experiments evolves dynamically in three main stages: pre-equilibrium ([tau] 0.5 fm/c), thermalization/hydrodynamization ([tau] 0.5-2 fm/c), and finally freeze-out/hadronization ([tau]> 10 fm/c), where 1fm/c = 3x10^(-24) s. Each of these stages span a different regime of physics, with different relevant degrees of freedom and, therefore, are described by different theoretical models, such as QCD kinetic theory, dissipative hydrodynamics, and hadronic kinetic theory. This dissertation considers the impact of all three of these stages on our understanding of the QGP generated in URHICs, with the focus on better understanding the non-equilibrium dynamics of the QGP, its path to equilibrium and the effect such non-equilibrium dynamics have on our ability to extract fundamental information about the QGP. This dissertation also provides theoretical insights into how to improve URHIC simulations by examining the impact of non-equilibrium corrections present during different stages of QGP evolution.
Book Synopsis Fundamental Aspects of Plasma Chemical Physics by : Mario Capitelli
Download or read book Fundamental Aspects of Plasma Chemical Physics written by Mario Capitelli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2015-11-26 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describing non-equilibrium "cold" plasmas through a chemical physics approach, this book uses the state-to-state plasma kinetics, which considers each internal state as a new species with its own cross sections. Extended atomic and molecular master equations are coupled with Boltzmann and Monte Carlo methods to solve the electron energy distribution function. Selected examples in different applied fields, such as microelectronics, fusion, and aerospace, are presented and discussed including the self-consistent kinetics in RF parallel plate reactors, the optimization of negative ion sources and the expansion of high enthalpy flows through nozzles of different geometries. The book will cover the main aspects of the state-to-state kinetic approach for the description of nonequilibrium cold plasmas, illustrating the more recent achievements in the development of kinetic models including the self-consistent coupling of master equations and Boltzmann equation for electron dynamics. To give a complete portrayal, the book will assess fundamental concepts and theoretical formulations, based on a unified methodological approach, and explore the insight in related scientific problems still opened for the research community.
Book Synopsis Quark-gluon Plasma 5 by : Xin-nian Wang
Download or read book Quark-gluon Plasma 5 written by Xin-nian Wang and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016-01-21 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the fifth volume in the series on the subject of quark-gluon plasma, a unique phase created in heavy-ion collisions at high energy. It contains review articles by the world experts on various aspects of quark-gluon plasma taking into account the advances driven by the latest experimental data collected at both the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The articles are pedagogical and comprehensive which can be helpful for both new researchers entering the field as well as the experienced physicists working on the subject.
Book Synopsis Relativistic Dissipative Hydrodynamic Description of the Quark-Gluon Plasma by : Akihiko Monnai
Download or read book Relativistic Dissipative Hydrodynamic Description of the Quark-Gluon Plasma written by Akihiko Monnai and published by . This book was released on 2014-02-28 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quark-gluon Plasma Five written by and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This is the fifth volume in the series on the subject of quark-gluon plasma, a unique phase created in heavy-ion collisions at high energy. It contains review articles by the world experts on various aspects of quark-gluon plasma taking into account the advances driven by the latest experimental data collected at both the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The articles are pedagogical and comprehensive which can be helpful for both new researchers entering the field as well as the experienced physicists working on the subject."--
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Physics of the Quark-gluon Plasma by : Sourav Sarkar
Download or read book The Physics of the Quark-gluon Plasma written by Sourav Sarkar and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Kinetics and Spectroscopy of Low Temperature Plasmas by : Jorge Loureiro
Download or read book Kinetics and Spectroscopy of Low Temperature Plasmas written by Jorge Loureiro and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-22 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a comprehensive textbook designed for graduate and advanced undergraduate students. Both authors rely on more than 20 years of teaching experience in renowned Physics Engineering courses to write this book addressing the students’ needs. Kinetics and Spectroscopy of Low Temperature Plasmas derives in a full self-consistent way the electron kinetic theory used to describe low temperature plasmas created in the laboratory with an electrical discharge, and presents the main optical spectroscopic diagnostics used to characterize such plasmas. The chapters with the theoretical contents make use of a deductive approach in which the electron kinetic theory applied to plasmas with basis on the electron Boltzmann equation is derived from the basic concepts of Statistical and Plasma Physics. On the other hand, the main optical spectroscopy diagnostics used to characterize experimentally such plasmas are presented and justified from the point of view of the Atomic and Molecular Physics. Low temperature plasmas (LTP) are partially ionized gases with a broad use in many technological applications such as microelectronics, light sources, lasers, biology and medicine. LTPs lead to the production of atomic and molecular excited states, chemically reactive radicals, and activated surface sites, which are in the origin, among others, of the deposition of thin films, advanced nanotechnology products, solar cells, highly efficient combustion motors, and treatment of cancer cells.
Book Synopsis Kinetics of Nonequilibrium Low-Temperature Plasmas by : Leon Mikhaĭlovich Biberman
Download or read book Kinetics of Nonequilibrium Low-Temperature Plasmas written by Leon Mikhaĭlovich Biberman and published by Springer. This book was released on 1987-09-30 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first research on plasma was done in connection with the study of electrical discharges in gases. The focus of attention for physicists was the partially ionized plasma, the kinetics of which is governed by various collisional and radiative processes. The choice of this area of research was motivated largely by the practical problems of that time the creation of gas-discharge light sources, rectifiers, and inverters. Since the early 1950s interest in plasma physics has risen sharply, particularly in the study of the completely ionized plasma with its various collective phenomena, insta bilities, and the interesting and sometimes unexpected effects attending the propagation of electromagnetic waves in such a plasma and the action on it of external electric and magnetic fields. Interest in hot plasmas has been stimulated not only by the diverse and novel physical phenomena, but also by the problems arising in connection with controlled nuclear fusion. The advent, in the early 1960s, of new technical fields such as gas-discharge lasers, magnetohydrodynamic generators, thermoemission converters, plasma chemistry, plasma propul sion devices, various methods in plasma technology, etc. , has led to increased interest in weakly ionized low-tempera ture plasmas. This is particularly true of nonequilibrium plasmas, which are characterized by an extraordinary diver sity of states and properties.
Book Synopsis Jets From Young Stars III by : Silvano Massaglia
Download or read book Jets From Young Stars III written by Silvano Massaglia and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-07-18 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of the mechanisms that govern origin and propagation of stellar jets involves the treatment of many concurrent physical processes such as gravitation, hydrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics, atomic physics and radiation. In the past years, an intensive work has been done looking for so- tions of the ideal MHD equations in the steady state limit as well as studying the stability of out?ows in the linear regime. These kind, of approaches have provided a contribution to the understanding of jets that can hardly be ov- estimated. However, the extension of the analyses to the time-dependent and nonlinear regimes could not be avoided, and the MHD numerical simulations were the only mean to achieve this goal. Intherecentyears,considerableprogresseshavebeenmadebythecom- tational?uiddynamiccommunityinthedevelopmentofnumericaltechniques, theso-calledhighresolutionshockcapturingschemes,wellsuitedforthetre- ment of supersonic ?ows with discontinuities. The numerical simulations of astrophysical jets took advantage of these developments; however new physics needed to be incorporated, such as magnetic ?eld e?ects, radiation losses by diluted gases, and proper astrophysics environments. These needs led to the nontrivial extension of the methods devised for the Euler equations of g- dynamics to the magneto-hydrodynamical system. On the other hand, the possibility of carrying out numerical calculations has been greatly facilitated bytheavailability, ononehand,ofpowerfulsupercomputersand,ontheother hand, of fast processors at low cost. Large scale 3D simulations of jets at high resolution are now possible thanks to supercomputers, but also high reso- tion 2D MHD simulations can be performed routinely on desktop computers.
Book Synopsis Quark Gluon Plasma and Hadron Physics by : S. C. Phatak
Download or read book Quark Gluon Plasma and Hadron Physics written by S. C. Phatak and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quark Gluon Plasma and Hadron Physics presents a series of review articles on the current research areas in high energy nuclear physics involving theoretical and experimental aspects of quark gluon plasma and the physics of early universe. The topics covered are Field Theory, Basic QCD, High PT Processes (Jets, deep inelastic structure functions), Lattice QCD, Hydrodynamic Evolution, Hadron and QGP phenomenology, Hadrons in medium and Error analysis and simulation.
Book Synopsis Pre-equilibrium Plasma Dynamics by :
Download or read book Pre-equilibrium Plasma Dynamics written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approaches towards understanding and describing the pre-equilibrium stage of quark-gluon plasma formation in heavy-ion collisions are reviewed. Focus is on a kinetic theory approach to non-equilibrium dynamics, its extension to include the dynamics of color degrees of freedom when applied to the quark-gluon plasma, its quantum field theoretical foundations, and its relationship to both the particle formation stage at the very beginning of the nuclear collision and the hydrodynamic stage at late collision times. The usefulness of this approach to obtain the transport coefficients in the quark-gluon plasma and to derive the collective mode spectrum and damping rates in this phase are discussed. Comments are made on the general difficulty to find appropriated initial conditions to get the kinetic theory started, and a specific model is given that demonstrates that, once given such initial conditions, the system can be followed all the way through into the hydrodynamical regime. 39 refs., 7 figs. (LEW).
Book Synopsis Plasma Kinetics in Atmospheric Gases by : M. Capitelli
Download or read book Plasma Kinetics in Atmospheric Gases written by M. Capitelli and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-10-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emphasis is placed on the analysis of translational, rotational, vibrational and electronically excited state kinetics, coupled to the electron Boltzmann equation.
Book Synopsis Models of Plasma Kinetics and Problems with Their Interpretation in the Current Paradigm by : Vladimir V. Lyahov
Download or read book Models of Plasma Kinetics and Problems with Their Interpretation in the Current Paradigm written by Vladimir V. Lyahov and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2017-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proposed by A.A. Vlasov in 1938, the kinetic equation with a self-consistent electromagnetic field led to a fundamentally new perspective in plasma physics. This equation represents the most profound approach to the description of plasma because it operates directly with plasma particles using the distribution function. Plasma is found everywhere in space; that is why this equation has an extensive application. A large number of works where the study of plasma properties based on the solution of the Vlasov equation have appeared. However, the results based on the solution of the Vlasov equation should be assumed with caution. As noted in the manuscript, the Vlasov equation has a set of formal solutions. The researcher must have the ability to select the correct solutions, correct in the sense of their adequacy to the processes under investigation. Some aspects of the polarization of a magnetoactive plasma are investigated. It is shown that neglecting the electric field in problems of such sharply inhomogeneous structures as a boundary or current layers leads to an inadequate model. Thus, the successive solution of the kinetic equation taking into account the electric polarization field indicates that the equations describing the equilibrium of these sharply inhomogeneous structures become nonlinear and exhibit the property of structural instability. Natural science over time included the expansion of the field of numbers from natural to real. Now, physics is in the stage of semi-recognition of complex numbers. On the one hand, when solving the differential equation, the physicist finds the value of the roots of the characteristic equation in a complex field. However, at the final stage, all imaginary parts are discarded, and only real values of physical quantities are passed in response. In this case, the complex field has a fundamental feature that distinguishes it: it is algebraically closed. The restriction of physical quantities only to the field of real numbers seems logically unsatisfactory since often mathematical operations derive them from the field of the original definition. In this manuscript, some problems of the complexification of physics are investigated
Book Synopsis Nonequilibrium Dynamics of the Quark-gluon Plasma in Heavy Ion Collisions by :
Download or read book Nonequilibrium Dynamics of the Quark-gluon Plasma in Heavy Ion Collisions written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the final report of a three-year, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). We have developed field theory and numerical methods for the general problem of quantum back reaction on classical fields, with applications to a wide variety of physical systems. Our main focus was on particle production processes in the time evolution of the quark-gluon plasma following an ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collision. In particular, we studied in some detail the evolution of a disoriented chiral condensate (DCC) produced in the chiral phase transition of nuclear matter in heavy-ion collision experiments. We have also studied dissipation and decoherence as a result of particle production in time-varying mean fields. Numerical codes previously developed for particle production in strong electric fields in quantum electrodynamics (QED) have been modified for the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) problem. We have made specific predictions for energy-momentum flow and pion production in the central rapidity region of experiments to be performed at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC).
