The Concept of Probability in Psychological Experiments

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401022887
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis The Concept of Probability in Psychological Experiments by : C.-A. Staël von Holstein

Download or read book The Concept of Probability in Psychological Experiments written by C.-A. Staël von Holstein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. BACKGROUND The last twenty-five years have seen a large amount of psychological research in the area of behavioral decision theory. It followed the major breakthrough of decision theory that came with von Neumann and Morgenstern's Theory of Games and Economic Behavior in 1944. The key concepts are probability as a measure of uncertainty and utility as a measure of value and risk. The theory prescribes, given some behavioral axioms, that alternatives should be ranked in accordance with their expected utilities. Psychologists became interested in studying how people's decision behavior agreed with what was prescribed by the theory. Three broad areas for research developed, i. e. , research relating to each of the two concepts of probability and utility, and research relating to the interaction of the two in decision stituations. The papers in this book have been selected to illustrate various aspects of how the concept of probability has been used in psychological ex perimentation. The early experiments were generated, as mentioned above, by an interest among psychologists to see how people evaluate uncertainty and quantify it in probabilistic terms. Many of these experiments set out to evaluate subjects' estimates of relative frequencies; these were situations where one had access to 'objective' answers. In the 1960's psychologists changed the focus of their studies to how people revise probabilistic judgments when they receive new information. In recent years there has been a growing interest in the cognitive processes by which people express their judgment in probabilistic terms.

The Concept of Probability in Psychological Experiments

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789401022897
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (228 download)

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Book Synopsis The Concept of Probability in Psychological Experiments by : C -A Stael Von Holstein

Download or read book The Concept of Probability in Psychological Experiments written by C -A Stael Von Holstein and published by . This book was released on 1974-12-31 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Probability in Theory-Building

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Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004457380
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Probability in Theory-Building by :

Download or read book Probability in Theory-Building written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-03-13 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Probability and Statistics in Psychological Research and Theory

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 528 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis Probability and Statistics in Psychological Research and Theory by : Donald Wyman Stilson

Download or read book Probability and Statistics in Psychological Research and Theory written by Donald Wyman Stilson and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Cognition and Chance

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Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 113561461X
Total Pages : 798 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (356 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognition and Chance by : Raymond S. Nickerson

Download or read book Cognition and Chance written by Raymond S. Nickerson and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2004-06-24 with total page 798 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lack of ability to think probabilistically makes one prone to a variety of irrational fears and vulnerable to scams designed to exploit probabilistic naiveté, impairs decision making under uncertainty, facilitates the misinterpretation of statistical information, and precludes critical evaluation of likelihood claims. Cognition and Chance presents an overview of the information needed to avoid such pitfalls and to assess and respond to probabilistic situations in a rational way. Dr. Nickerson investigates such questions as how good individuals are at thinking probabilistically and how consistent their reasoning under uncertainty is with principles of mathematical statistics and probability theory. He reviews evidence that has been produced in researchers' attempts to investigate these and similar types of questions. Seven conceptual chapters address such topics as probability, chance, randomness, coincidences, inverse probability, paradoxes, dilemmas, and statistics. The remaining five chapters focus on empirical studies of individuals' abilities and limitations as probabilistic thinkers. Topics include estimation and prediction, perception of covariation, choice under uncertainty, and people as intuitive probabilists. Cognition and Chance is intended to appeal to researchers and students in the areas of probability, statistics, psychology, business, economics, decision theory, and social dilemmas.

Probability and Statistics

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 507 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Probability and Statistics by : Donald W. Stilson

Download or read book Probability and Statistics written by Donald W. Stilson and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Subjective Probability

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 608 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Subjective Probability by : George Wright

Download or read book Subjective Probability written by George Wright and published by . This book was released on 1994-11 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This overview of subjective probability ranges from discussion of the philosophy of axiom systems through studies in the psychological laboratory to the real world of business decision-making.

The Psychology Experiment

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Psychology Experiment by : Barry F. Anderson

Download or read book The Psychology Experiment written by Barry F. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Probabilistic Mind

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Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0199216096
Total Pages : 535 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis The Probabilistic Mind by : Nick Chater

Download or read book The Probabilistic Mind written by Nick Chater and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2008 with total page 535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Probabilistic Mind is a follow-up to the influential and highly cited Rational Models of Cognition (OUP, 1998). It brings together developmetns in understanding how, and how far, high-level cognitive processes can be understood in rational terms, and particularly using probabilistic Bayesian methods.

Experimental Methods in Psychology

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Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1317781031
Total Pages : 494 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (177 download)

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Book Synopsis Experimental Methods in Psychology by : Gustav Levine

Download or read book Experimental Methods in Psychology written by Gustav Levine and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-03-05 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text focuses on the experimental methods and the associated terminology encountered in the research literature of psychology. Initially, the content is kept simple, so as not to distract from the information on research technique and philosophy. Interesting psychological questions from well researched areas are then examined in detail, permitting a fuller discussion of the problems encountered in specific paradigms. It is in this fashion that the book offers both methods and content. Unique features of this text include: * a detailed discussion of the process of theorizing, coupled with a close examination of psychological constructs, offers the reader an opportunity to see how psychologists think about, develop, and modify their theories, and the part played by research in changing explanations of behavior. * Although it is common for psychologists to be self-conscious in their reasoning, it is uncommon to see an analysis of the logic that they use to draw conclusions. Presenting material that is rarely verbalized but readily acknowledged by experienced researchers, the text contains an overt analysis of the logic of drawing conclusions from research. * Instructors are given a choice among 15 chapters to focus on or combine to suit the course's concentration. For example, instructors have the option of focusing on experimental psychology or a broad-based course including material on research methods in experimental, social, clinical, and applied psychology. * Courses in experimental psychology or research methods are required for every psychology major. Statistical understanding is vital for this curriculum, and this text contains a comprehensive chapter on statistics making it ideal for courses that combine statistics and experimental methods. Other important coverage includes: * an all-inclusive summary of the material found in an introductory statistics class. Although courses in research methods and experimental psychology usually have a statistics prerequisite, the students rarely remember the material when entering the research course. This text provides the instructor with the option of simply assigning the statistics information as a review, rather than repeating the lectures. If the course requirements are such as to necessitate a joint statistics and research methods course -- with the instructor lecturing on both topics -- this text could serve as the single text for the course. A helpful discussion -- accompanied by a valuable table -- demonstrates how to choose an appropriate statistic. All necessary formulas and other familiar statistical procedures -- illustrating computational steps -- are also featured. * a detailed discussion of how to develop tests for use in research. Aside from the value of this information for any researcher, it can be particularly helpful to students who are required to develop original experiments. * an elaborate discussion of methodological issues in outcome research, using smoking cessation and weight reduction programs as examples. Test bank disks for Experimental Methods in Psychology, -- free to adopters -- consist of an average of six short-answer, 11 fill-in-the-blank, and 11 multiple-choice questions for each chapter. The files are in both ASCII and Word-for-Windows formats.

Experimental Design and Statistics for Psychology

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1405150386
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Experimental Design and Statistics for Psychology by : Fabio Sani

Download or read book Experimental Design and Statistics for Psychology written by Fabio Sani and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental Design and Statistics for Psychology: A First Course is a concise, straighforward and accessible introduction to the design of psychology experiments and the statistical tests used to make sense of their results. Makes abundant use of charts, diagrams and figures. Assumes no prior knowledge of statistics. Invaluable to all psychology students needing a firm grasp of the basics, but tackling of some of the topic’s more complex, controversial issues will also fire the imagination of more ambitious students. Covers different aspects of experimental design, including dependent versus independent variables, levels of treatment, experimental control, random versus systematic errors, and within versus between subjects design. Provides detailed instructions on how to perform statistical tests with SPSS. Downloadable instructor resources to supplement and support your lectures can be found at www.blackwellpublishing.com/sani and include sample chapters, test questions, SPSS data sets, and figures and tables from the book.

Bayesian Rationality

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198524498
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (985 download)

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Book Synopsis Bayesian Rationality by : Mike Oaksford

Download or read book Bayesian Rationality written by Mike Oaksford and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-02-22 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For almost 2,500 years, the Western concept of what is to be human has been dominated by the idea that the mind is the seat of reason - humans are, almost by definition, the rational animal. In this text a more radical suggestion for explaining these puzzling aspects of human reasoning is put forward.

Hypothesis-testing Behaviour

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Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1134951655
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (349 download)

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Book Synopsis Hypothesis-testing Behaviour by : Fenna H. Poletiek

Download or read book Hypothesis-testing Behaviour written by Fenna H. Poletiek and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do people search evidence for a hypothesis? A well documented answer in cognitive psychology is that they search for confirming evidence. However, the rational strategy is to try to falsify the hypothesis. This book critically evaluates this contradiction. Experimental research is discussed against the background of philosophical and formal theories of hypothesis testing with striking results: Falsificationism and verificationism - the two main rival philosophies of testing - come down to one and the same principle for concrete testing behaviour, eluding the contrast between rational falsification and confirmation bias. In this book, the author proposes a new perspective for describing hypothesis testing behaviour - the probability-value model - which unifies the contrasting views. According to this model, hypothesis testers pragmatically consider what evidence and how much evidence will convince them to reject or accept the hypothesis. They might either require highly probative evidence for its acceptance, at the risk of its rejection, or protect it against rejection and go for minor confirming observations. Interestingly, the model refines the classical opposition between rationality and pragmaticity because pragmatic considerations are a legitimate aspect of 'rational' hypothesis testing. Possible future research and applications of the ideas advanced are discussed, such as the modelling of expert hypothesis testing.

Experimental And Nonexperimental Designs In Social Psychology

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429690967
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (296 download)

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Book Synopsis Experimental And Nonexperimental Designs In Social Psychology by : Abraham S. Ross

Download or read book Experimental And Nonexperimental Designs In Social Psychology written by Abraham S. Ross and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-04-08 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book considers experimental designs, alternatives to experimental designs, survey methods, and how systematic collection of information can minimize alternative explanations in social psychology. It discusses meta-analysis for interpreting the results of many social psychology experiments.

Experimental Design and Statistics

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134954638
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (349 download)

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Book Synopsis Experimental Design and Statistics by : Steve Miller

Download or read book Experimental Design and Statistics written by Steve Miller and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-07-25 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For this second edition, this best-selling textbook has been revised, the coverage of two-sample tests extended, and new sections added introducing one-sample tests, linear regression, and the product-moment correlation coefficient.

Experiment, Design and Statistics in Psychology

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Experiment, Design and Statistics in Psychology by : Colin Robson

Download or read book Experiment, Design and Statistics in Psychology written by Colin Robson and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Perception and the Representative Design of Psychological Experiments

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Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Perception and the Representative Design of Psychological Experiments by : Egon Brunswik

Download or read book Perception and the Representative Design of Psychological Experiments written by Egon Brunswik and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: