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The Common Ownership Trilemma
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Book Synopsis The Common Ownership Trilemma by : José Azar
Download or read book The Common Ownership Trilemma written by José Azar and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper argues that it is impossible to achieve the following objectives simultaneously: (i) portfolio diversification, (ii) shareholder representation, and (iii) competition. In an economy where everyone holds the market portfolio, all the companies have the same shareholders. If, in addition, firms act in the interest of their shareholders (i.e., if the agency problem is solved), the equilibrium outcome is equivalent to an economy-wide monopoly. When managers are entrenched, however, the anti-competitive effects of common ownership are mitigated, yet they only disappear completely in the extreme case that managers are fully insulated from shareholder dissent. The trilemma highlights a fundamental systemic problem in stock market economies: their inherent tendency towards common ownership, and therefore away from market competition.
Book Synopsis A Tale of Two Networks by : Florian Ederer
Download or read book A Tale of Two Networks written by Florian Ederer and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study the welfare implications of the rise of common ownership in the United States from 1994 to 2018. We build a general equilibrium model with a hedonic demand system in which firms compete in a network game of oligopoly. Firms are connected through two large networks: the first reflects ownership overlap, the second product market rivalry. In our model, common ownership of competing firms induces unilateral incentives to soften competition. The magnitude of the common ownership effect depends on how much the two networks overlap. We estimate our model for the universe of U.S. public corporations using a combination of firm financials, investor holdings, and text-based product similarity data. We perform counterfactual calculations to evaluate how the efficiency and the distributional impact of common ownership have evolved over time. According to our baseline estimates the welfare cost of common ownership, measured as the ratio of deadweight loss to total surplus, has increased nearly tenfold (from 0.3% to over 4%) between 1994 and 2018. Under alternative assumptions about governance, the deadweight loss ranges between 1.9% and 4.4% of total surplus in 2018. The rise of common ownership has also resulted in a significant reallocation of surplus from consumers to producers.
Book Synopsis Research Handbook on the Law and Economics of Competition Enforcement by : Kokkoris, Ioannis
Download or read book Research Handbook on the Law and Economics of Competition Enforcement written by Kokkoris, Ioannis and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2022-08-16 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This incisive Research Handbook identifies and assesses the emerging trends in competition enforcement, investigating how such changes impact the enforcement approach of competition authorities and the behaviour of companies in an ever-evolving business and regulatory environment.
Book Synopsis Intersections between Corporate and Antitrust Law by : Marco Corradi
Download or read book Intersections between Corporate and Antitrust Law written by Marco Corradi and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-06-08 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the intersections between corporate and antitrust law, focusing on corporate interest, governance, and the financial links among companies.
Book Synopsis A Tale of Two Networks by : Florian Ederer
Download or read book A Tale of Two Networks written by Florian Ederer and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study the welfare implications of the rise of common ownership in the United States from 1994 to 2018. We build a general equilibrium model with a hedonic demand system in which firms compete in a network game of oligopoly. Firms are connected through two large networks: the first reflects ownership overlap, the second product market rivalry. In our model, common ownership of competing firms induces unilateral incentives to soften competition. The magnitude of the common ownership effect depends on how much the two networks overlap. We estimate our model for the universe of U.S. public corporations using a combination of firm financials, investor holdings, and text-based product similarity data. We perform counterfactual calculations to evaluate how the efficiency and the distributional impact of common ownership have evolved over time. According to our baseline estimates the welfare cost of common ownership, measured as the ratio of deadweight loss to total surplus, has increased nearly tenfold (from 0.3% to over 4%) between 1994 and 2018. Under alternative assumptions about governance, the deadweight loss ranges between 1.9% and 4.4% of total surplus in 2018. The rise of common ownership has also resulted in a significant reallocation of surplus from consumers to producers.
Book Synopsis The American Political Economy by : Jacob S. Hacker
Download or read book The American Political Economy written by Jacob S. Hacker and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-11-11 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing together leading scholars, the book provides a revealing new map of the US political economy in cross-national perspective.
Book Synopsis Common Ownership and Fiduciary Duty by : Martin C. Schmalz
Download or read book Common Ownership and Fiduciary Duty written by Martin C. Schmalz and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fast-growing legal literature commenting on a set of empirical papers alleging anticompetitive effects of common ownership claims that the reported effects, if true, would imply that corporate executives violate their fiduciary duty: whereas acting in the interest of common owners can help raise industry profits, doing so harms non-common owners of individual firms -- so the claim. Similarly, mutual fund managers with heterogenous portfolios would violate their fiduciary duty to act in the interest of their funds' investors if they delegated governance and voting authority to a centralized, family-level entity, that represents interests different from their own. This paper evaluates these claims using a formal model grounded in established economic theory. The model shows that firm managers who act in the interest of common owners may indeed choose strategies that differ from those preferred by a non-common owner. However, doing so raises firm profits above the level that would be attained if non-common owners had controlled the firm. As a result, non-common owners are not harmed when executives heed to common owners' governance demands, and neither are executives and directors who care about firm value.The model reveals that it is precisely the heterogeneity of shareholder (or fund) portfolios that gives individual shareholders and fund managers an incentive to centralize corporate governance at the same level that full diversification is obtained. Heterogeneity of fund portfolios is not a valid antitrust defense, but, to the contrary, the economic rationale why family-level centralization of governance is both individually rational and problematic from a policy perspective.These results establish that even if a violation of fiduciary duty could be formally established in a legal sense when firm managers heed to common owners' instead of non-common owners' preferences, plaintiffs would be unlikely to emerge, because no shareholder is harmed. I conclude that the fiduciary-duty critique of the common-ownership literature in its current form is difficult to reconcile with established economic theory.
Book Synopsis Boards of Directors in Disruptive Times by : Jordi Canals
Download or read book Boards of Directors in Disruptive Times written by Jordi Canals and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-11-03 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current business context of disruptive, accelerated change requires a new framework for understanding how boards of directors can best support their organizations. In this book, Professor Jordi Canals presents a new model of effective governance, positioning the board of directors as the steward of the firm's future development, and focusing on the notion of corporate purpose. Canals argues that boards of directors should focus on strategy and corporate transformation, CEO and senior management development and succession, the board and the firm's culture, the board as a team, the engagement of shareholders and critical stakeholders, and the firm's overall impact. Moreover, for boards to be effective, directors must develop new competencies. Drawing on well-grounded theory and international case studies, this book outlines a new, holistic model of boards of directors, offering a pathway to effective governance that will enhance companies' reputation and success.
Book Synopsis Corporate Opportunities by : Marco Claudio Corradi
Download or read book Corporate Opportunities written by Marco Claudio Corradi and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2021-08-26 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph provides a comprehensive analysis of corporate opportunities doctrines from a comparative perspective. It looks at both common law and civil law rules and relies to a large extent on a law and economics approach. This book broadens the conventional view on corporate opportunities, a vital step in light of the adoption of corporate opportunities rules in civil law jurisdictions and in light of investors' ever-changing strategies. This approach considers institutional complementarities and especially industrial complementarities. The book thus explores several jurisdictions and their economic and industrial environments, whilst also assessing the impact of globalisation onto legal reform. Furthermore, it analyses the problems related to the application of corporate opportunities rules to cross-border venture capital. In normative terms, the book advances one main stance, articulated in three points: first, it proposes different sanctions for undisclosed and disclosed misappropriations, supporting the core idea that sanctions should be set against disclosure and not authorisation. Secondly, it advances the idea that sanctions against undisclosed misappropriations should be more severe than the ones presently applied. Thirdly, it considers the possibility of a more flexible treatment of disclosed misappropriations. This study is positioned at the intersection of several fields, providing a lens into a much broader range of dynamics that will be of interest to a varied international readership, and offering a window into the broader institutional dynamics at work in centres of innovation (eg Silicon Valley and industrial districts in other jurisdictions). It is rooted in law and economics, but the emphasis is placed on how corporate opportunities rules fit within a broader set of institutional dynamics that affect innovation, industrial efficiency, and economic competitiveness.
Book Synopsis Probabilistic Voting Theory by : Peter J. Coughlin
Download or read book Probabilistic Voting Theory written by Peter J. Coughlin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1992-10-30 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coughlin provides the most comprehensive and integrated analysis of probabilistic voting models available, also developing further his important contributions. Probabilistic voting theory is the mathematical theory of candidate behavior in or in anticipation of elections in which candidates are unsure what voters' preferences will be on all or most issues, which is true of most governmental elections. The theory asks first whether optimal candidate strategies can be determined, given uncertainty about voter preferences, and if so, what exactly those strategies are, given various circumstances. It allows the theorist to predict what public policies will be supported and what laws passed by elected officials when in office and what positions will be taken by them when running in elections. One of the leading contributors to this rapidly developing literature, which is at the leading edge of public choice theory, Coughlin both reviews the existing literature and presents new results that unify and extend developments in the theory that have been scattered in the literature.
Book Synopsis Sustainable Finance in Europe by : Danny Busch
Download or read book Sustainable Finance in Europe written by Danny Busch and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Globalization Paradox by : Dani Rodrik
Download or read book The Globalization Paradox written by Dani Rodrik and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-05-17 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For a century, economists have driven forward the cause of globalization in financial institutions, labour markets, and trade. Yet there have been consistent warning signs that a global economy and free trade might not always be advantageous. Where are the pressure points? What could be done about them? Dani Rodrik examines the back-story from its seventeenth-century origins through the milestones of the gold standard, the Bretton Woods Agreement, and the Washington Consensus, to the present day. Although economic globalization has enabled unprecedented levels of prosperity in advanced countries and has been a boon to hundreds of millions of poor workers in China and elsewhere in Asia, it is a concept that rests on shaky pillars, he contends. Its long-term sustainability is not a given. The heart of Rodrik’s argument is a fundamental 'trilemma': that we cannot simultaneously pursue democracy, national self-determination, and economic globalization. Give too much power to governments, and you have protectionism. Give markets too much freedom, and you have an unstable world economy with little social and political support from those it is supposed to help. Rodrik argues for smart globalization, not maximum globalization.
Book Synopsis Dworkin and His Critics by : Justine Burley
Download or read book Dworkin and His Critics written by Justine Burley and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dworkin and His Critics provides an in-depth, analyticaldiscussion of Ronald Dworkin's ethical, legal and politicalphilosophical writings, and it includes substantial replies fromDworkin himself. Includes substantial replies by Ronald Dworkin, a comprehensivebibliography of his work, and suggestions for furtherreading. Contributors include Richard Arneson, G. A. Cohen, FrancesKamm, Will Kymlicka, Philippe van Parijs, Eric Rakowski, Joseph Razand Jeremy Waldron. Makes an important contribution to many on-going debates overabortion, euthanasia, the rule of law, distributive justice, grouprights, political obligation, and genetics.
Book Synopsis Financial Transaction Costs and Industrial Performance by : Julio Rotemberg
Download or read book Financial Transaction Costs and Industrial Performance written by Julio Rotemberg and published by Palala Press. This book was released on 2018-03-02 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Download or read book High Life written by Matthew Lasner and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2023-04-04 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive architectural and cultural history of condominium and cooperative housing in twentieth-century America. Today, one in five homeowners in American cities and suburbs lives in a multifamily home rather than a single-family house. As the American dream evolves, precipitated by rising real estate prices and a renewed interest in urban living, many predict that condos will become the predominant form of housing in the twenty-first century. In this unprecedented study, Matthew Gordon Lasner explores the history of co-owned multifamily housing in the United States, from New York City’s first co-op, in 1881, to contemporary condominium and townhouse complexes coast to coast. Lasner explains the complicated social, economic, and political factors that have increased demand for this way of living, situating the trend within the larger housing market and broad shifts in residential architecture and family life. He contrasts the prevalence and popularity of condos, townhouses, and other privately governed communities with their ambiguous economic, legal, and social standing, as well as their striking absence from urban and architectural history.
Book Synopsis Swing Pricing and Fragility in Open-end Mutual Funds by : Dunhong Jin
Download or read book Swing Pricing and Fragility in Open-end Mutual Funds written by Dunhong Jin and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-11-01 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How to prevent runs on open-end mutual funds? In recent years, markets have observed an innovation that changed the way open-end funds are priced. Alternative pricing rules (known as swing pricing) adjust funds’ net asset values to pass on funds’ trading costs to transacting shareholders. Using unique data on investor transactions in U.K. corporate bond funds, we show that swing pricing eliminates the first-mover advantage arising from the traditional pricing rule and significantly reduces redemptions during stress periods. The positive impact of alternative pricing rules on fund flows reverses in calm periods when costs associated with higher tracking error dominate the pricing effect.
Book Synopsis Global Capital Markets by : Maurice Obstfeld
Download or read book Global Capital Markets written by Maurice Obstfeld and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an economic survey of international capital mobility from the late nineteenth century to the present.
