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The Cobalt Supply Chain And Life Cycle Assessment Of Lithium Ion Battery Energy Storage Systems
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Book Synopsis The Cobalt Supply Chain and Life Cycle Assessment of Lithium-ion Battery Energy Storage Systems by : Andrew Lee Kleiman
Download or read book The Cobalt Supply Chain and Life Cycle Assessment of Lithium-ion Battery Energy Storage Systems written by Andrew Lee Kleiman and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) deployed in energy storage systems (ESS) can reduce the carbon intensity of the electricity generating sector. LIB demand is likely to continue to grow, requiring additional raw materials. Impacts from the upstream processes needed to convert raw materials into battery components are not fully understood. The aim of this study is to use life cycle assessment (LCA) modeling, using the openLCA platform and data from public and private sources, to quantify environmental impacts along the full supply chain for cobalt, a crucial component in many types of LIB. The LCA will quantify the cradle-to-grave impacts for a number of standard impact pathways, including global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP), and others that are attributed to the mining, extraction, refining, and transportation of cobalt products for LIBs, and also the use and disposal of the LIBs. We assume a 30-year modeling period and include LIB replacement. Three refinery locations, a range of ore grades, two energy options (wind and solar), and three battery chemistries (NCA, NMC111, and NMC811) are modeled to better understand their effect on the life cycle impacts. The results show that impacts begin to increase non-linearly as ore grade drops below 3%; refining outside of China can reduce GWP by over 12%; the impacts for NCA and NMC811 batteries are 63% and 74% lower than NMC111, respectively; and the impacts associated with pairing an NMC811 battery with wind generation are 32% less than with solar. The results shed light on which processes in the LIB cobalt supply chain are most environmentally impactful, how these impacts vary across different scenarios, and what can be expected with time, as wind and solar electricity generation increases. This research will help the energy industry understand cobalt supply chain processes and identify ways to reduce environmental burdens of LIBs. Policy makers and the private sector can use this work to consider key locations and activities to direct further investment
Download or read book Battery Powered written by Richard Skiba and published by After Midnight Publishing. This book was released on 2024-02-05 with total page 571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this era of technological advancement and sustainability, an in-depth exploration of lithium-ion batteries unfolds in this book. It covers key aspects such as historical evolution, operational mechanisms, composition, manufacturing processes, applications, challenges, environmental impact, and economic and social implications. The book caters to a diverse audience, including students, researchers, industry professionals, entrepreneurs, policymakers, general readers, maintenance professionals, inventors, innovators, and investors.
Book Synopsis Life Cycle Assessment of Energy Systems and Sustainable Energy Technologies by : Riccardo Basosi
Download or read book Life Cycle Assessment of Energy Systems and Sustainable Energy Technologies written by Riccardo Basosi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-15 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the application of life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology to sustainable energy systems and technologies. It reviews the state-of-the-art of the Italian experiences on the LCA applied to energy, and the most recent results from research in this field, with a particular focus on renewables, bio-energy and sustainable solutions. The contributors describe in detail the applications of LCA to various energy system topics, including: • electricity production, smart energy grids and energy storage systems;• renewable energy production from biomass;• production of biodiesel from microalgae;• environmental impacts of biomass power plants; and• geothermal energy production. These topics are supported by critical reviews and case studies, with discussions of Italian examples, demonstrating LCA’s application to various energy systems. A particular focus is placed on bio-energies and bio-energy systems, demonstrating how LCA can be used for optimal bio-energy production. This book offers an opportunity for researchers and advanced practitioners in the field of LCA to learn more about the application of LCA methodology to energy systems and technologies. It will also be of interest to students, as it enables them to understand the environmental impacts of energy systems and sustainable energy technologies, through the analysis of their life cycles.
Author :The Law The Law Library Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781727780598 Total Pages :158 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (85 download)
Book Synopsis Electric Storage Participation in Markets Operated by Regional Transmission Organizations and Independent System Operators (Us Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (Ferc) (2018 Edition) by : The Law The Law Library
Download or read book Electric Storage Participation in Markets Operated by Regional Transmission Organizations and Independent System Operators (Us Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (Ferc) (2018 Edition) written by The Law The Law Library and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-10-07 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electric Storage Participation in Markets Operated by Regional Transmission Organizations and Independent System Operators (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition) The Law Library presents the complete text of the Electric Storage Participation in Markets Operated by Regional Transmission Organizations and Independent System Operators (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (Commission) is amending its regulations under the Federal Power Act (FPA) to remove barriers to the participation of electric storage resources in the capacity, energy, and ancillary service markets operated by Regional Transmission Organizations (RTO) and Independent System Operators (ISO) (RTO/ISO markets). This book contains: - The complete text of the Electric Storage Participation in Markets Operated by Regional Transmission Organizations and Independent System Operators (US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Regulation) (FERC) (2018 Edition) - A table of contents with the page number of each section
Book Synopsis Handbook on Battery Energy Storage System by : Asian Development Bank
Download or read book Handbook on Battery Energy Storage System written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2018-12-01 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook serves as a guide to deploying battery energy storage technologies, specifically for distributed energy resources and flexibility resources. Battery energy storage technology is the most promising, rapidly developed technology as it provides higher efficiency and ease of control. With energy transition through decarbonization and decentralization, energy storage plays a significant role to enhance grid efficiency by alleviating volatility from demand and supply. Energy storage also contributes to the grid integration of renewable energy and promotion of microgrid.
Book Synopsis Future Lithium-ion Batteries by : Ali Eftekhari
Download or read book Future Lithium-ion Batteries written by Ali Eftekhari and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2019-03-14 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collects authoritative perspectives from global experts to project the emerging opportunities in the field of lithium-ion batteries.
Book Synopsis Recycling of Lithium-Ion Batteries by : Arno Kwade
Download or read book Recycling of Lithium-Ion Batteries written by Arno Kwade and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-12 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses recycling technologies for many of the valuable and scarce materials from spent lithium-ion batteries. A successful transition to electric mobility will result in large volumes of these. The book discusses engineering issues in the entire process chain from disassembly over mechanical conditioning to chemical treatment. A framework for environmental and economic evaluation is presented and recommendations for researchers as well as for potential operators are derived.
Book Synopsis Biorefineries and Chemical Processes by : Jhuma Sadhukhan
Download or read book Biorefineries and Chemical Processes written by Jhuma Sadhukhan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-11-03 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the range of feedstocks, process technologies and products expand, biorefineries will become increasingly complex manufacturing systems. Biorefineries and Chemical Processes: Design, Integration and Sustainability Analysis presents process modelling and integration, and whole system life cycle analysis tools for the synthesis, design, operation and sustainable development of biorefinery and chemical processes. Topics covered include: Introduction: An introduction to the concept and development of biorefineries. Tools: Included here are the methods for detailed economic and environmental impact analyses; combined economic value and environmental impact analysis; life cycle assessment (LCA); multi-criteria analysis; heat integration and utility system design; mathematical programming based optimization and genetic algorithms. Process synthesis and design: Focuses on modern unit operations and innovative process flowsheets. Discusses thermochemical and biochemical processing of biomass, production of chemicals and polymers from biomass, and processes for carbon dioxide capture. Biorefinery systems: Presents biorefinery process synthesis using whole system analysis. Discusses bio-oil and algae biorefineries, integrated fuel cells and renewables, and heterogeneous catalytic reactors. Companion website: Four case studies, additional exercises and examples are available online, together with three supplementary chapters which address waste and emission minimization, energy storage and control systems, and the optimization and reuse of water. This textbook is designed to bridge a gap between engineering design and sustainability assessment, for advanced students and practicing process designers and engineers.
Book Synopsis Life Cycle Assessment of a Lithium-Ion Battery Vehicle Pack by : Linda Ager-Wick Ellingsen
Download or read book Life Cycle Assessment of a Lithium-Ion Battery Vehicle Pack written by Linda Ager-Wick Ellingsen and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electric vehicles (EVs) have no tailpipe emissions, but the production of their batteries leads to environmental burdens. In order to avoid problem shifting, a life cycle perspective should be applied in the environmental assessment of traction batteries. The aim of this study was to provide a transparent inventory for a lithium-ion nickel-cobalt-manganese traction battery based on primary data and to report its cradle-to-gate impacts. The study was carried out as a process-based attributional life cycle assessment. The environmental impacts were analyzed using midpoint indicators. The global warming potential of the 26.6 kilowatt-hour (kWh), 253-kilogram battery pack was found to be 4.6 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents. Regardless of impact category, the production impacts of the battery were caused mainly by the production chains of battery cell manufacture, positive electrode paste, and negative current collector. The robustness of the study was tested through sensitivity analysis, and results were compared with preceding studies. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the most effective approach to reducing climate change emissions would be to produce the battery cells with electricity from a cleaner energy mix. On a per-kWh basis, cradle-to-gate greenhouse gas emissions of the battery were within the range of those reported in preceding studies. Contribution and structural path analysis allowed for identification of the most impact-intensive processes and value chains. This article provides an inventory based mainly on primary data, which can easily be adapted to subsequent EV studies, and offers an improved understanding of environmental burdens pertaining to lithium-ion traction batteries.
Book Synopsis Life Cycle Impact Assessment by : Michael Z. Hauschild
Download or read book Life Cycle Impact Assessment written by Michael Z. Hauschild and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-24 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a detailed presentation of the principles and practice of life cycle impact assessment. As a volume of the LCA compendium, the book is structured according to the LCIA framework developed by the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)passing through the phases of definition or selection of impact categories, category indicators and characterisation models (Classification): calculation of category indicator results (Characterisation); calculating the magnitude of category indicator results relative to reference information (Normalisation); and converting indicator results of different impact categories by using numerical factors based on value-choices (Weighting). Chapter one offers a historical overview of the development of life cycle impact assessment and presents the boundary conditions and the general principles and constraints of characterisation modelling in LCA. The second chapter outlines the considerations underlying the selection of impact categories and the classification or assignment of inventory flows into these categories. Chapters three through thirteen exploreall the impact categories that are commonly included in LCIA, discussing the characteristics of each followed by a review of midpoint and endpoint characterisation methods, metrics, uncertainties and new developments, and a discussion of research needs. Chapter-length treatment is accorded to Climate Change; Stratospheric Ozone Depletion; Human Toxicity; Particulate Matter Formation; Photochemical Ozone Formation; Ecotoxicity; Acidification; Eutrophication; Land Use; Water Use; and Abiotic Resource Use. The final two chapters map out the optional LCIA steps of Normalisation and Weighting.
Book Synopsis Mapping of lithium-ion batteries for vehicles: A study of their fate in the Nordic countries by : Dahllöf, Lisbeth
Download or read book Mapping of lithium-ion batteries for vehicles: A study of their fate in the Nordic countries written by Dahllöf, Lisbeth and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2019-10-24 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The number of electric vehicles (cars, buses, e-bikes, electric scooters and electric motorcycles) sold in the Nordic countries is currently increasing quickly. That means that more electricity is used for driving, and also that more of some important metals are being used than earlier. This report regards the fate of the lithium-ion batteries used in vehicles in the Nordic countries. Currently the “Battery Directive” (EC, 2006) which is a producer’s responsibility directive, is under revision and this study is a knowledge base intended for use by the Nordic Environmental Protection Agencies for their referral response in the revision process. This report focuses on the aspect of metal resources, but it does not elaborate on a broader range of environmental impacts, as these were outside the scope of this study.
Book Synopsis Electric Vehicle Lithium-Ion Battery Life Cycle Management by :
Download or read book Electric Vehicle Lithium-Ion Battery Life Cycle Management written by and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is no question that electric vehicles (EVs), which are key for addressing climate change impacts from the transportation sector, are quickly gaining popularity and availability. With limits and other challenges related to the supply of critical battery minerals, maximizing the use of EV batteries and ensuring recovery of battery minerals is imperative. Therefore, proper end-of-life-cycle management (reuse and recycling) of these batteries must be part of the EV ecosystem from the perspective of both the supply chain and environmental footprint. Second use of batteries for energy storage systems extends the initial life of these resources and provides a buffer until economical material recovery facilities are in place. Although there are multiple pathways to recycling and recovery of materials, new recovery technologies are moving toward commercially available hydrometallurgy and promising direct recycling, which analysis has shown has the lowest overall carbon footprint. Strategically locating these plants close to battery collection further reduces transportation and thus recycling and recovering costs. Proper life cycle management could alleviate future lithium-ion battery materials supply chains for EVs. Governments and other stakeholders around the world have started initiatives and proposed regulations to address the challenges associated with life cycle management of EV lithium batteries. Finally, as manufacturers are increasingly faced with the likelihood of such extensive regulatory requirements, attention should be given to new designs, sales, and service models that can reduce life cycle management costs.
Book Synopsis Critical Materials Strategy by : Steven Chu
Download or read book Critical Materials Strategy written by Steven Chu and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011-05 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines the role of rare earth metals and other materials in the clean energy economy. It was prepared by the U.S. Department of Energy (DoE) based on data collected and research performed during 2010. In the report, DoE describes plans to: (1) develop its first integrated research agenda addressing critical materials, building on three technical workshops convened by the DoE during November and December 2010; (2) strengthen its capacity for information-gathering on this topic; and (3) work closely with international partners, including Japan and Europe, to reduce vulnerability to supply disruptions and address critical material needs. Charts and tables. This is a print on demand report.
Book Synopsis Life Cycle Assessment by : Michael Z. Hauschild
Download or read book Life Cycle Assessment written by Michael Z. Hauschild and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-01 with total page 1215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a uniquely pedagogical while still comprehensive state-of-the-art description of LCA-methodology and its broad range of applications. The five parts of the book conveniently provide: I) the history and context of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) with its central role as quantitative and scientifically-based tool supporting society’s transitioning towards a sustainable economy; II) all there is to know about LCA methodology illustrated by a red-thread example which evolves as the reader advances; III) a wealth of information on a broad range of LCA applications with dedicated chapters on policy development, prospective LCA, life cycle management, waste, energy, construction and building, nanotechnology, agrifood, transport, and LCA-related concepts such as footprinting, ecolabelling,design for environment, and cradle to cradle. IV) A cookbook giving the reader recipes for all the concrete actions needed to perform an LCA. V) An appendix with an LCA report template, a full example LCA report serving as inspiration for students who write their first LCA report, and a more detailed overview of existing LCIA methods and their similarities and differences.
Book Synopsis The Handbook of Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Design by : John T. Warner
Download or read book The Handbook of Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Design written by John T. Warner and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-05-14 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Design: Chemistry, Components, Types and Terminology,?Second Edition provides a clear and concise explanation of EV and Li-ion batteries for readers that are new to the field. The second edition expands and updates all topics covered in the original book, adding more details to all existing chapters and including major updates to align with all of the rapid changes the industry has experienced over the past few years. This handbook offers a layman's explanation of the history of vehicle electrification and battery technology, describing the various terminology and acronyms and explaining how to do simple calculations that can be used in determining basic battery sizing, capacity, voltage, and energy. By the end of this book the reader will have a solid understanding of the terminology around Li-ion batteries and be able to undertake simple battery calculations. The book is immensely useful to beginning and experienced engineers alike who are moving into the battery field. Li-ion batteries are one of the most unique systems in automobiles today in that they combine multiple engineering disciplines, yet most engineering programs focus on only a single engineering field. This book provides the reader with a reference to the history, terminology and design criteria needed to understand the Li-ion battery and to successfully lay out a new battery concept. Whether you are an electrical engineer, a mechanical engineer or a chemist, this book will help you better appreciate the inter-relationships between the various battery engineering fields that are required to understand the battery as an Energy Storage System. It gives great insights for readers ranging from engineers to sales, marketing, management, leadership, investors, and government officials. - Adds a brief history of battery technology and its evolution to current technologies? - Expands and updates the chemistry to include the latest types - Discusses thermal runaway and cascading failure mitigation technologies? - Expands and updates the descriptions of the battery module and pack components and systems?? - Adds description of the manufacturing processes for cells, modules, and packs? - Introduces and discusses new topics such as battery-as-a-service, cell to pack and cell to chassis designs, and wireless BMS?
Book Synopsis LCA of an ecolabeled notebook : consideration of social and environmental impacts along the entire life cycle by : Andreas Ciroth
Download or read book LCA of an ecolabeled notebook : consideration of social and environmental impacts along the entire life cycle written by Andreas Ciroth and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2011 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study investigates social and environmental impacts caused by an ecolabeled notebook along its entire life cycle. In order to analyse the divers effects of the laptop, a social life cycle assessment and an environmental life cycle assessment were performed in parallel. Both assessments together provide a holistic overview of positive and negative impacts in regard to social and environmental sustainability.This book contains the complete final report written by GreenDeltaTC on behalf of the Belgian Federal Public Planning Service Sustainable Development. It comprises the methodological background, the social inventory, process modifications with regard to the environmental inventory, and detailed results of the impact assessment phase. Further, a newly developed social impact assessment method is presented and applied. In addition, recommendations on company and policy level were derived.
Book Synopsis Cascaded Use and Sustainable Management of Lithium-ion Batteries in Mobility and Stationary Power by : Leila Ahmadi
Download or read book Cascaded Use and Sustainable Management of Lithium-ion Batteries in Mobility and Stationary Power written by Leila Ahmadi and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this thesis is to assess -from a life cycle perspective - the environmental benefits of re-purposing electric vehicle Li-ion batteries to re-use in stationary applications. The thesis consists of three separate papers arranged in as chapters. The main objectives are threefold: to develop and analyze a parameterized life cycle model of Li-ion battery first use in EV and extended usage to incorporate the re-purposing and re-use in grid storage for a utility application (Chapter 3), to evaluate effective factors on the feasibility of re-purposing used EV Li-ion batteries and the effect of factors on the cumulative energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the re-purposed batteries life cycle (Chapter 4)., and to assess potential environmental impacts of re-purposing and re-using of EV Li-ion batteries into stationary applications from a life cycle perspective and compare with natural gas stationary power generation (Chapter 5). According to the study, it is found that the magnitude of CO2 mitigation associated with battery re-use is similar to that of switching from using a conventional vehicle to an electric vehicle, meaning that the GHG benefits of vehicle electrification could be doubled by extending the life of EV batteries, and better using off-peak low-cost clean electricity. the effects of capacity fade, energy efficiency fade, failure rate, and charge/discharge profile are investigated for Li-ion batteries based on first use in EVs and second-use in ESS. It is estimated that the re-purposed EV battery loses a further 15% of its capacity after its second use in the energy storage system (ESS) over 10 years. As energy efficiency decreases with increased charge/discharge cycles, a capacity fade model is used to approximate the effect of the relationship between cycles and capacity fade over the life of the battery. The performance of the iiii battery in its second use is represented using a model of degradation modes, assuming a 0.01% cell failure rate and a non-symmetric charge/discharge profile. Finally, an accurate modeling of battery performance is used to examine energy savings and GHG emission reduction benefits from using a Li-ion battery first in an EV and then in an ESS connected to the Ontario electrical grid. A cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment (LCA) of the Li-ion battery pack is conducted and six environmental impact categories are assessed including global warming potential, particulate matter formation, freshwater eutrophication, photochemical oxidant formation potential, metal depletion, and fossil depletion. It is concluded that the manufacturing phase of the Li-ion battery has the main environmental impacts during the life cycle of the battery as concluded from. Utilizing the re-purposed Li-ion battery in contrast with natural gas source in the stationary application powering causes more savings from an environmental standpoint. The assessed environmental impacts highlight the importance of electricity mix used in the processes of the product systems. Finally, the effect of the battery degradation is analyzed through energy efficiency fade effect on the battery performance and it is found that the use phase of the battery in the EV during 8 years is more sensitive to this phenomenon than the re-using of the Li-ion batteries in the stationary application during additional 10 years.
