The Civil War Diary of Cyrus F. Boyd, Fifteenth Iowa Infantry, 1861-1863

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Publisher : LSU Press
ISBN 13 : 0807164771
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis The Civil War Diary of Cyrus F. Boyd, Fifteenth Iowa Infantry, 1861-1863 by : Mildred Throne

Download or read book The Civil War Diary of Cyrus F. Boyd, Fifteenth Iowa Infantry, 1861-1863 written by Mildred Throne and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 2015-12-15 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A native of Warren County, Iowa, Cyrus F. Boyd served a year and a half as an orderly sergeant with the Fifteenth Iowa Infantry before becoming first lieutenant in Company B of the Thirty-fourth Iowa Infantry. Before his promotion, he was an intermediary between privates and company officers, a position that offered him unique opportunities to observe the attitudes and activities of both the unit leaders and their men. In this diary, the outspoken Boyd frankly expresses his opinions of his comrades and his commanders, candidly depicts camp life, and intricately details the gory events on the battlefield. Although not always pleasant reading, Boyd's journal is a vibrant, honest chronicle of one man's experiences in the bloody conflict. "There is much to learn from and enjoy about this short but rich account. Boyd fully revealed the sordid reality and the tender moments of his army service." -- Earl J. Hess, from his Introduction

The Civil War Diary Of Cyrus F. Boyd, Fifteenth Iowa Infantry, 1861-1863 [Illustrated Edition]

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Publisher : Pickle Partners Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1787200299
Total Pages : 383 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (872 download)

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Book Synopsis The Civil War Diary Of Cyrus F. Boyd, Fifteenth Iowa Infantry, 1861-1863 [Illustrated Edition] by : Lieut. Cyrus F. Boyd

Download or read book The Civil War Diary Of Cyrus F. Boyd, Fifteenth Iowa Infantry, 1861-1863 [Illustrated Edition] written by Lieut. Cyrus F. Boyd and published by Pickle Partners Publishing. This book was released on 2016-08-09 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes Civil War Map and Illustrations Pack - 224 battle plans, campaign maps and detailed analyses of actions spanning the entire period of hostilities. “[One of] the Union side’s most revealing and realistic views of soldier life....The diary is especially important for the light which it throws on such basic matters as the tortuous progression from civilian to veteran, the course of morale, the character of soldier life in a volunteer army, the quality of leadership, the awesomeness of battle, and the brutality of war.”—Bell Irvin Wiley, in the Journal of Southern History A native of Warren County, Iowa, Cyrus F. Boyd served a year and a half as an orderly sergeant with the Fifteenth Iowa Infantry before becoming first Lieutenant in Company B of the Thirty-fourth Iowa Infantry. His diary—expanded in 1896 from a pocket diary he carried on his campaigns from Indianola, Iowa, to Lake Providence, Louisiana—offers a full account of soldiering in the Union army. Before his promotion, Boyd was an intermediary between privates and company officers, a position that offered him unique opportunities to observe the attitudes and activities of both the unit leaders and their men. The outspoken Boyd frankly expresses his opinions of his comrades and his commanders, candidly depicts camp life, and intricately details the gory events on the battlefield. Although not always pleasant reading, The Civil War Diary of Cyrus F. Boyd is a vibrant, honest chronicle of one man’s experiences in the bloody conflict. The diary has been heavily edited to ensure it can be understood, initially there was little to no punctuation included.

The Civil War Diary of Cyrus F. Boyd

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781258111977
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (119 download)

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Book Synopsis The Civil War Diary of Cyrus F. Boyd by : Cyrus F Boyd

Download or read book The Civil War Diary of Cyrus F. Boyd written by Cyrus F Boyd and published by . This book was released on 2011-10-01 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extracted From The Iowa Journal Of History, V50, No. 2, April, 1952.

Cyrus F. Boyd Diaries and Photographs

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (771 download)

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Book Synopsis Cyrus F. Boyd Diaries and Photographs by : Cyrus F. Boyd

Download or read book Cyrus F. Boyd Diaries and Photographs written by Cyrus F. Boyd and published by . This book was released on 1857 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection is comprised of four bound diaries, three Civil War tintype portraits, and miscellaneous documents of Cyrus F. Boyd of Warren County, Iowa. The earliest diary--recorded in 1857--includes an account of Boyd's travels in Missouri and Kansas from April 6th to May 2nd with remarks about Negroes and slaves observed, opinions on slavery held by some local residents, and an encounter with a "Border Ruffian"; a description of the July 4th celebration in Indianola; entries from a second trip to Missouri in October 1857; and some anecdotes and poetry. The trips to Missouri and Kansas are presumed to have had some political purpose foreshadowing Boyd's organization of a "Wide Awake" club for the 1860 presidential campaign. The second volume was used both as a diary and a clipping scrapbook. The diary entries that are visible date from November 12, 1857 through the end of the year. In addition to the entries that were pasted over with clippings, some entries appear to have been intentionally obscured by pen marks. This volume also includes poems, thoughts on slavery, essays on topics of Alexander the Great, James Buchanan, "riches", and the "Climate of Iowa". Boyd's entries in the third diary begin in January 1858 and continue through September of 1859. During portions of this diary Boyd is attending classes in Indianola and Kossuth, Iowa (Yellow Springs College). The fourth diary was recorded in the months of January through August 1864 when Boyd served in the Civil War with Company B of the 34th Iowa Infantry. It includes remarks about activities at Matagorda Island, Texas, and the siege and surrender of Fort Gaines and Fort Morgan in Alabama. The diaries are accompanied by three tintype portraits of Cyrus F. Boyd during the Civil War, a family portrait from 1885, copies of Boyd's pension records, various family land documents, and a program from the 15th Biennial Camp Fire of Crocker's Iowa Brigade (1910).

The Civil War in Louisiana

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Publisher : LSU Press
ISBN 13 : 9780807117255
Total Pages : 564 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (172 download)

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Book Synopsis The Civil War in Louisiana by : John D. Winters

Download or read book The Civil War in Louisiana written by John D. Winters and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 1991-08-01 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive history fills an important gap in the story of the Civil War. Too often the war waged west of the Mississippi River has been given short shrift by historians and scholars, who have tended to focus their attention on the great battles east of the river. This book looks in detail at the military operations that occurred in Louisiana—most of them minor skirmishes, but some of them battles and campaigns of major importance. The Civil War in Louisiana begins with the first talk of secession in the state and ends with the last tragic days of the war. John D. Winters describes with great fervor and detail such events as the fall of Confederate New Orleans and the burning of Alexandria. In addition to military action, Winters discusses the political, economic, and social aspects of the war in Louisiana. His accounts of battles and the men who waged them provide a fuller story of Louisiana in the Civil War than has ever before been told.

The Untold Story of Shiloh

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Publisher : Univ. of Tennessee Press
ISBN 13 : 9781572336261
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (362 download)

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Book Synopsis The Untold Story of Shiloh by : Timothy B. Smith

Download or read book The Untold Story of Shiloh written by Timothy B. Smith and published by Univ. of Tennessee Press. This book was released on 2008-03 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the mention of Shiloh, most tend to think of two particularly bloody and crucial days in April 1862. The complete story, however, encompasses much more history than that of the battle itself. While several accounts have taken a comprehensive approach to Shiloh, significant gaps still remain in the collective understanding of the battle and battlefield. In The Untold Story of Shiloh, Timothy B. Smith fills in those gaps, looking beyond two days of battle and offering unique insight into the history of unexplored periods and topics concerning the Battle of Shiloh and the Shiloh National Military Park. This collection of essays, some previously unpublished, tackles a diverse range of subjects, including Shiloh's historiography, the myths about the battle that were created, and the mindsets that were established after the battle. The book reveals neglected military aspects of the battle, such as the naval contribution, the climax of the Shiloh campaign at Corinth, and the soldiers' views of the battle. The essays also focus on the Shiloh National Military Park's establishment and continuation with particular emphasis on those who played key roles in its creation. Taken together, the essays tell the overall story of Shiloh in greater detail than ever before. General readers and historians alike will discover that The Untold Story of Shiloh is an important contribution to their understanding of this crucial episode in the Civil War. Timothy B. Smith is on staff at the Shiloh National Military Park. He is author of Champion Hill: Decisive Battle for Vicksburg and This Great Battlefield of Shiloh: History, Memory, and the Establishment of a Civil War National Military Park.

Early Struggles for Vicksburg

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Publisher : University Press of Kansas
ISBN 13 : 0700633243
Total Pages : 604 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis Early Struggles for Vicksburg by : Timothy B. Smith

Download or read book Early Struggles for Vicksburg written by Timothy B. Smith and published by University Press of Kansas. This book was released on 2022-06-28 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Early Struggles for Vicksburg, Timothy Smith covers the first phase of the Vicksburg campaign (October 1862–July 1863), involving perhaps the most wide-ranging and complex series of efforts seen in the entire campaign. The operations that took place from late October to the end of December 1862 covered six states, consisted of four intertwined mini-campaigns, and saw the involvement of everything from cavalry raids to naval operations in addition to pitched land battles in Ulysses S. Grant’s first attempts to reach Vicksburg. This fall/winter campaign that marked the first of the major efforts to reach Vicksburg was the epitome of the by-the-book concepts of military theory of the day. But the first major Union attempts to capture Vicksburg late in 1862 were also disjointed, unorganized, and spread out across a wide spectrum. The Confederates were thus able to parry each threat, although Grant, in his newly assumed position as commander of the Department of the Tennessee, learned from his mistakes and revised his methods in later operations, leading eventually to the fall of Vicksburg. It was war done the way academics would want it done, but Grant figured out quickly that the books did not always have the answers, and he adapted his approach thereafter. Smith comprehensively weaves the Mississippi Central, Chickasaw Bayou, Van Dorn Raid, and Forrest Raid operations into a chronological narrative while illustrating the combination of various branches and services such as army movements, naval operations, and cavalry raids. Early Struggles for Vicksburg is accordingly the first comprehensive academic book ever to examine the Mississippi Central/Chickasaw Bayou campaign and is built upon hundreds of soldier-level sources. Massive in research and scope, this book covers everything from the top politicians and generals down to the individual soldiers, as well as civilians and slaves making their way to freedom, while providing analysis of contemporary military theory to explain why the operations took the form they did.

What This Cruel War Was Over

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Publisher : Vintage
ISBN 13 : 0307277321
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (72 download)

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Book Synopsis What This Cruel War Was Over by : Chandra Manning

Download or read book What This Cruel War Was Over written by Chandra Manning and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2008-03-11 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using letters, diaries, and regimental newspapers to take us inside the minds of Civil War soldiers—black and white, Northern and Southern—as they fought and marched across a divided country, this unprecedented account is “an essential contribution to our understanding of slavery and the Civil War" (The Philadelphia Inquirer). In this unprecedented account, Chandra Manning With stunning poise and narrative verve, Manning explores how the Union and Confederate soldiers came to identify slavery as the central issue of the war and what that meant for a tumultuous nation. This is a brilliant and eye-opening debut and an invaluable addition to our understanding of the Civil War as it has never been rendered before.

Civil War Supply and Strategy

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Publisher : LSU Press
ISBN 13 : 0807174483
Total Pages : 441 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Civil War Supply and Strategy by : Earl J. Hess

Download or read book Civil War Supply and Strategy written by Earl J. Hess and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 2020-10-07 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the Army Historical Foundation Distinguished Writing Award Civil War Supply and Strategy stands as a sweeping examination of the decisive link between the distribution of provisions to soldiers and the strategic movement of armies during the Civil War. Award-winning historian Earl J. Hess reveals how that dynamic served as the key to success, especially for the Union army as it undertook bold offensives striking far behind Confederate lines. How generals and their subordinates organized military resources to provide food for both men and animals under their command, he argues, proved essential to Union victory. The Union army developed a powerful logistical capability that enabled it to penetrate deep into Confederate territory and exert control over select regions of the South. Logistics and supply empowered Union offensive strategy but limited it as well; heavily dependent on supply lines, road systems, preexisting railroad lines, and natural waterways, Union strategy worked far better in the more developed Upper South. Union commanders encountered unique problems in the Deep South, where needed infrastructure was more scarce. While the Mississippi River allowed Northern armies to access the region along a narrow corridor and capture key cities and towns along its banks, the dearth of rail lines nearly stymied William T. Sherman’s advance to Atlanta. In other parts of the Deep South, the Union army relied on massive strategic raids to destroy resources and propel its military might into the heart of the Confederacy. As Hess’s study shows, from the perspective of maintaining food supply and moving armies, there existed two main theaters of operation, north and south, that proved just as important as the three conventional eastern, western, and Trans-Mississippi theaters. Indeed, the conflict in the Upper South proved so different from that in the Deep South that the ability of Federal officials to negotiate the logistical complications associated with army mobility played a crucial role in determining the outcome of the war.

While God is Marching on

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis While God is Marching on by : Steven E. Woodworth

Download or read book While God is Marching on written by Steven E. Woodworth and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The American Civil War not only pitted brother against brother but Christian against Christian. This is a study of soldiers' religious beliefs and how they influenced the course of that tragic conflict. It shows how Christian teaching and practice shaped the worldview of soldiers on both sides.

Of Times and Race

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Publisher : Univ. Press of Mississippi
ISBN 13 : 1617036390
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Of Times and Race by : Michael B. Ballard

Download or read book Of Times and Race written by Michael B. Ballard and published by Univ. Press of Mississippi. This book was released on 2013 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of Times and Race contains eight essays on African American history from the Jacksonian era through the early twentieth century. Taken together, these essays, inspired by noted scholar John F. Marszalek, demonstrate the many nuances of African Americans' struggle to grasp freedom, respect, assimilation, and basic rights of American citizens. Essays include Mark R. Cheathem's look at Andrew Jackson Donelson's struggle to keep his plantations operating within the ever-growing debate over slavery in mid-nineteenth century America. Thomas D. Cockrell examines Southern Unionism during the Civil War and wrestles with the difficulty of finding hard evidence due to sparse sources. Stephen S. Michot examines issues of race in Lafourche Parish, Louisiana, and finds that blacks involved themselves in both armies, curiously clouding issues of slavery and freedom. Michael B. Ballard delves into how Mississippi slaves and Union soldiers interacted during the Vicksburg campaign. Union treatment of freedmen and of U. S. colored troops demonstrated that blacks escaping slavery were not always welcomed. Horace Nash finds that sports, especially boxing, played a fascinating role in blending black and white relations in the West during the early twentieth century. Timothy Smith explores the roles of African Americans who participated in the work of the Civilian Conservation Corps during the creation of the Shiloh National Military Park. James Scott Humphreys analyzes the efforts of two twentieth-century historians who wished to debunk the old, racist views of Reconstruction known as the Dunning school of interpretation. Edna Green Medford provides a concluding essay that ties together the essays in the book and addresses the larger themes running throughout the text.

A place called Mississippi

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Publisher : Univ. Press of Mississippi
ISBN 13 : 9781617033391
Total Pages : 492 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (333 download)

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Book Synopsis A place called Mississippi by :

Download or read book A place called Mississippi written by and published by Univ. Press of Mississippi. This book was released on with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Filled with serendipitous connections and contrasts, this volume of Mississippiana covers four hundred years. It begins with a selection from "A Gentleman from Elvas," written in 1541, and ends with an essay the novelist Ellen Douglas wrote in 1996 on the occasion of the Atlanta Olympic games. In between is a chronology of some one hundred nonfictional narratives that portray the distinctiveness of life in Mississippi. Most are reprinted, but some are published here for the first time. Each section of this anthology reveals an aspect of Mississippi's past or present. Here are narratives that depict the settlement of the land by pioneers, the lasting heritage of the Civil War, the pleasures and the pastimes of Mississippians, their food, art, rituals, and religion, the terrain and the travelers, and the conflicts that brought enormous changes to both the landscape and the population. In its wide cultural perspective, A Place Called Mississippi includes an early description of the Chickasaws, a narrative of a former slave, "Soggy" Sweat's famous "Whiskey Speech" on Prohibition, and an account of how W. C. Handy discovered the blues in a deserted train station in Tutwiler, Mississippi. Among the selections are narratives by Jefferson Davis, Belle Kearney, Walter Anderson, Ida B. Wells, Richard Wright, Craig Claiborne, Richard Ford, William Faulkner, and Eudora Welty. Written by and about blacks, whites, Native Americans, and others, these fascinating accounts convey a variety of impressions about a real place and about real people whose colorful history is large, ever-changing, and ever-mystifying.

Corinth 1862

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Publisher : University Press of Kansas
ISBN 13 : 0700623450
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis Corinth 1862 by : Timothy B. Smith

Download or read book Corinth 1862 written by Timothy B. Smith and published by University Press of Kansas. This book was released on 2016-10-07 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the spring of 1862, there was no more important place in the western Confederacy-perhaps in all the South-than the tiny town of Corinth, Mississippi. Major General Henry W. Halleck, commander of Union forces in the Western Theater, reported to Washington that "Richmond and Corinth are now the great strategical points of war, and our success at these points should be insured at all hazards." In the same vein, Confederate General P. G. T. Beauregard declared to Richmond that "If defeated at Corinth, we lose the Mississippi Valley and probably our cause." Those were odd sentiments concerning a town scarcely a decade old. By this time, however, it sat at the junction of the South's two most important rail lines and had become a major strategic locale. Despite its significance, Corinth has received comparatively little attention from Civil War historians and has been largely overshadowed by events at Shiloh, Antietam, and Perryville. Timothy Smith's panoramic and vividly detailed new look at Corinth corrects that neglect, focusing on the nearly year-long campaign that opened the way to Vicksburg and presaged the Confederacy's defeat in the West. Combining big-picture strategic and operational analysis with ground-level views, Smith covers the spring siege, the vicious attacks and counterattacks of the October battle, and the subsequent occupation. He has drawn extensively on hundreds of eyewitness accounts to capture the sights, sounds, and smells of battle and highlight the command decisions of Halleck, Beauregard, Ulysses S. Grant, Sterling Price, William S. Rosecrans, and Earl Van Dorn. This is also the first in-depth examination of Corinth following the creation of a new National Park Service center located at the site. Weaving together an immensely compelling tale that places the reader in the midst of war's maelstrom, it substantially revises and enlarges our understanding of Corinth and its crucial importance in the Civil War.

Vicksburg 1863

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Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (161 download)

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Book Synopsis Vicksburg 1863 by : Steven Nathaniel Dossman

Download or read book Vicksburg 1863 written by Steven Nathaniel Dossman and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2014-09-16 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the Vicksburg campaign—a critical turning point during the American Civil War—from the perspective of Texans and the rest of the Trans-Mississippi Confederacy. Vicksburg 1863: The Deepest Wound provides a thorough exploration of this pivotal Civil War campaign that pays special attention to the role played by Trans-Mississippi troops, especially Texans, and evaluates the many consequences of the campaign for Confederate states west of the Mississippi River. The book covers the Vicksburg campaign from its beginnings in November 1862 to its final conclusion in July 1863, describing the significant contributions of individuals such as Edmund Kirby Smith, John C. Pemberton, Joseph E. Johnston, and Ulysses S. Grant, and providing evaluations of conflicts such as the Battle of Big Black River Bridge, the Battle and Siege of Jackson, the Battle of Port Gibson, and the Battle of Raymond. The work also examines how dramatically the fall of Vicksburg affected the Confederate states west of the Mississippi River and documents the disastrous effect of this Confederate loss upon both civilian and soldier morale in the region.

Civil War Writing

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Publisher : LSU Press
ISBN 13 : 0807171018
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Civil War Writing by : Stephen Cushman

Download or read book Civil War Writing written by Stephen Cushman and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 2019-03-06 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Civil War Writing is a collection of new essays that focus on the most significant writing about the American Civil War by participants who lived through it, whether as civilians or combatants, southerners or northerners, women or men, blacks or whites. Collectively, as contributors show, these writings have sustained their influence over generations and include histories, memoirs, journals, novels, and one literary falsehood posing as an autobiographical narrative. Several of the works, such as William Tecumseh Sherman’s memoirs or Mary Chesnut’s diary, are familiar to scholars, but other accounts, including Charlotte Forten’s diary and Loreta Velasquez’s memoir, offer new material to even the most omnivorous Civil War reader. In all cases, a deeper look at these writings reveals why they continue to resonate with audiences more than 150 years after the end of the conflict. As supporting evidence for historical and biographical narratives and as deliberately designed communications, the writings discussed in this collection demonstrate considerable value. Whether exploring the differences among drafts and editions, listening closely to fluctuations in tone or voice, or tracing responses in private correspondence or published reviews, the essayists examine how authors wrote to different audiences and out of different motives, creating a complex literary record that offers rich potential for continuing evaluation of the country’s greatest national trauma. Overall, the essays in Civil War Writing underscore how participants employed various literary forms to record, describe, and explain aspects and episodes of a conflict that assumed proportions none of them imagined possible at the outset.

The Civil War Soldier

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Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 0814798799
Total Pages : 528 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (147 download)

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Book Synopsis The Civil War Soldier by : Michael Barton

Download or read book The Civil War Soldier written by Michael Barton and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2002-09 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1943, Bell Wiley's groundbreaking book Johnny Reb launched a new area of study: the history of the common soldier in the U.S. Civil War. This anthology brings together in one landmark volume over one hundred years of the best writing on the common soldier, from an account of life as a Confederate soldier written in 1882 to selections of Wiley's classic scholarship, and from the story of women who joined the army disguised as men to an essay on the soldier's art of dying.

The Vacant Chair

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199923558
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

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Book Synopsis The Vacant Chair by : Reid Mitchell

Download or read book The Vacant Chair written by Reid Mitchell and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1995-07-13 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In many ways, the Northern soldier in the Civil War fought as if he had never left home. On campsites and battlefields, the Union volunteer adapted to military life with attitudes shaped by networks of family relationships, in units of men from the same hometown. Understanding these links between the homes the troops left behind and the war they had to fight, writes Reid Mitchell, offers critical insight into how they thought, fought, and persevered through four bloody years of combat. In The Vacant Chair, Mitchell draws on the letters, diaries, and memoirs of common soldiers to show how mid-nineteenth-century ideas and images of the home and family shaped the union soldier's approach to everything from military discipline to battlefield bravery. For hundreds of thousands of "boys," as they called themselves, the Union army was an extension of their home and childhood experiences. Many experienced the war as a coming-of-age rite, a test of such manly virtues as self-control, endurance, and courage. They served in companies recruited from the same communities, and they wrote letters reporting on each other's performance--conscious that their own behavior in the army would affect their reputations back home. So, too, were they deeply affected by letters from their families, as wives and mothers complained of suffering or demanded greater valor. Mitchell also shows how this hometown basis for volunteer units eroded respect for military rank, as men served with officers they saw as equals: "Lieut Col Dewey introduced Hugh T Reid," one sergeant wrote dryly, "by saying, 'Boys, behold your colonel,' and webeheldhim." In return, officers usually adopted paternalist attitudes toward their "boys"--especially in the case of white officers commanding black soldiers. Mitchell goes on to look at the role of women in the soldiers' experiences, from the feminine center of their own households to their hatred of Confederate women as "she-devils." The intimate relations and inner life of the Union soldier, the author writes, tell us much about how and why he kept fighting through four bloody years--and why demoralization struck the Confederate soldier as the war penetrated the South, threatening his home and family while he was at the front. "The Northern soldier did not simply experience the war as a husband, son, father, or brother--he fought that way as well," he writes. "That was part of his strength. The Confederate soldier fought the war the same way, and, in the end, that proved part of his weakness." The Vacant Chair uncovers this critical chapter in the Civil War experience, showing how the Union soldier saw--and won--our most costly conflict.