The Ciphers of the Monks

Download The Ciphers of the Monks PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Franz Steiner Verlag
ISBN 13 : 9783515076401
Total Pages : 518 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (764 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Ciphers of the Monks by : David A. King

Download or read book The Ciphers of the Monks written by David A. King and published by Franz Steiner Verlag. This book was released on 2001 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive study of an ingenious number-notation from the Middle Ages that was devised by monks and mainly used in monasteries. A simple notation for representing any number up to 99 by a single cipher, somehow related to an ancient Greek shorthand, first appeared in early-13th-century England, brought from Athens by an English monk. A second, more useful version, due to Cistercian monks, is first attested in the late 13th century in what is today the border country between Belgium and France: with this any number up to 9999 can be represented by a single cipher. The ciphers were used in scriptoria - for the foliation of manuscripts, for writing year-numbers, preparing indexes and concordances, numbering sermons and the like, and outside the scriptoria - for marking the scales on an astronomical instrument, writing year-numbers in astronomical tables, and for incising volumes on wine-barrels. Related notations were used in medieval and Renaissance shorthands and coded scripts. This richly-illustrated book surveys the medieval manuscripts and Renaissance books in which the ciphers occur, and takes a close look at an intriguing astrolabe from 14th-century Picardy marked with ciphers. With Indices. "Mit Kings luzider Beschreibung und Bewertung der einzelnen Funde und ihrer Beziehungen wird zugleich die Forschungsgeschichte - die bis dato durch Widerspruechlichkeit und Diskontinuit�t gepr�gt ist - umfassend aufgearbeitet." Zeitschrift fuer Germanistik.

The Code Book: The Secrets Behind Codebreaking

Download The Code Book: The Secrets Behind Codebreaking PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Delacorte Press
ISBN 13 : 0375890122
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (758 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Code Book: The Secrets Behind Codebreaking by : Simon Singh

Download or read book The Code Book: The Secrets Behind Codebreaking written by Simon Singh and published by Delacorte Press. This book was released on 2002-05-14 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "As gripping as a good thriller." --The Washington Post Unpack the science of secrecy and discover the methods behind cryptography--the encoding and decoding of information--in this clear and easy-to-understand young adult adaptation of the national bestseller that's perfect for this age of WikiLeaks, the Sony hack, and other events that reveal the extent to which our technology is never quite as secure as we want to believe. Coders and codebreakers alike will be fascinated by history's most mesmerizing stories of intrigue and cunning--from Julius Caesar and his Caeser cipher to the Allies' use of the Enigma machine to decode German messages during World War II. Accessible, compelling, and timely, The Code Book is sure to make readers see the past--and the future--in a whole new way. "Singh's power of explaining complex ideas is as dazzling as ever." --The Guardian

Numerals and Arithmetic in the Middle Ages

Download Numerals and Arithmetic in the Middle Ages PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1040240526
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (42 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Numerals and Arithmetic in the Middle Ages by : Charles Burnett

Download or read book Numerals and Arithmetic in the Middle Ages written by Charles Burnett and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-10-28 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume, the third by Charles Burnett in the Variorum series, brings together articles on the different numeral forms used in the Middle Ages, and their use in mathematical and other contexts. Some pieces study the introduction of Hindu-Arabic numerals into Western Europe, documenting, in more detail than anywhere else, the different forms in which they are found, before they acquired the standard shapes with which we are familiar today. Others deal with experiments with other forms of numeration within Latin script: e.g., using the first nine Roman numerals as symbols with place value, abbreviating the Roman numerals, and using the Latin letters as numerals. The author discusses how different types of numerals are used for different purposes, and the application of numerals to the abacus, and to calculation with pen and ink. The studies include the critical edition of several Latin texts.

Handbook of Medieval Culture. Volume 3

Download Handbook of Medieval Culture. Volume 3 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110377616
Total Pages : 748 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (13 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Medieval Culture. Volume 3 by : Albrecht Classen

Download or read book Handbook of Medieval Culture. Volume 3 written by Albrecht Classen and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2015-08-31 with total page 748 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A follow-up publication to the Handbook of Medieval Studies, this new reference work turns to a different focus: medieval culture. Medieval research has grown tremendously in depth and breadth over the last decades. Particularly our understanding of medieval culture, of the basic living conditions, and the specific value system prevalent at that time has considerably expanded, to a point where we are in danger of no longer seeing the proverbial forest for the trees. The present, innovative handbook offers compact articles on essential topics, ideals, specific knowledge, and concepts defining the medieval world as comprehensively as possible. The topics covered in this new handbook pertain to issues such as love and marriage, belief in God, hell, and the devil, education, lordship and servitude, Christianity versus Judaism and Islam, health, medicine, the rural world, the rise of the urban class, travel, roads and bridges, entertainment, games, and sport activities, numbers, measuring, the education system, the papacy, saints, the senses, death, and money.

The History of Cryptography

Download The History of Cryptography PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc
ISBN 13 : 1508173052
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (81 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The History of Cryptography by : Susan Meyer

Download or read book The History of Cryptography written by Susan Meyer and published by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. This book was released on 2016-12-15 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intriguing tale of cryptography stretches all the way back into ancient times and has been evolving ever since. From Julius Caesar to the modern cryptography of computers, readers will be enraptured by the stories and examples of how some of the greatest minds of history have figured out how to make and break codes. Engaging text includes samples of codes throughout the lively story of cryptography. Readers will quickly become absorbed by this fast-paced, code-cracking history chock-full of mystery and intrigue.

A Material History of Medieval and Early Modern Ciphers

Download A Material History of Medieval and Early Modern Ciphers PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351973088
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (519 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Material History of Medieval and Early Modern Ciphers by : Katherine Ellison

Download or read book A Material History of Medieval and Early Modern Ciphers written by Katherine Ellison and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-14 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first cultural history of early modern cryptography, this collection brings together scholars in history, literature, music, the arts, mathematics, and computer science who study ciphering and deciphering from new materialist, media studies, cognitive studies, disability studies, and other theoretical perspectives. Essays analyze the material forms of ciphering as windows into the cultures of orality, manuscript, print, and publishing, revealing that early modern ciphering, and the complex history that preceded it in the medieval period, not only influenced political and military history but also played a central role in the emergence of the capitalist media state in the West, in religious reformation, and in the scientific revolution. Ciphered communication, whether in etched stone and bone, in musical notae, runic symbols, polyalphabetic substitution, algebraic equations, graphic typographies, or literary metaphors, took place in contested social spaces and offered a means of expression during times of political, economic, and personal upheaval. Ciphering shaped the early history of linguistics as a discipline, and it bridged theological and scientific rhetoric before and during the Reformation. Ciphering was an occult art, a mathematic language, and an aesthetic that influenced music, sculpture, painting, drama, poetry, and the early novel. This collection addresses gaps in cryptographic history, but more significantly, through cultural analyses of the rhetorical situations of ciphering and actual solved and unsolved medieval and early modern ciphers, it traces the influences of cryptographic writing and reading on literacy broadly defined as well as the cultures that generate, resist, and require that literacy. This volume offers a significant contribution to the history of the book, highlighting the broader cultural significance of textual materialities.

The Code Book

Download The Code Book PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Anchor
ISBN 13 : 0307787842
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (77 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Code Book by : Simon Singh

Download or read book The Code Book written by Simon Singh and published by Anchor. This book was released on 2011-01-26 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In his first book since the bestselling Fermat's Enigma, Simon Singh offers the first sweeping history of encryption, tracing its evolution and revealing the dramatic effects codes have had on wars, nations, and individual lives. From Mary, Queen of Scots, trapped by her own code, to the Navajo Code Talkers who helped the Allies win World War II, to the incredible (and incredibly simple) logisitical breakthrough that made Internet commerce secure, The Code Book tells the story of the most powerful intellectual weapon ever known: secrecy. Throughout the text are clear technical and mathematical explanations, and portraits of the remarkable personalities who wrote and broke the world's most difficult codes. Accessible, compelling, and remarkably far-reaching, this book will forever alter your view of history and what drives it. It will also make you wonder how private that e-mail you just sent really is.

Inventing the Alphabet

Download Inventing the Alphabet PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226815811
Total Pages : 387 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (268 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Inventing the Alphabet by : Johanna Drucker

Download or read book Inventing the Alphabet written by Johanna Drucker and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2022-07-26 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Though there are many books about the history of the alphabet, virtually none address how that history came to be. In Inventing the Alphabet, Johanna Drucker guides readers from antiquity to the present to show how humans have shaped and reshaped their own understanding of this transformative writing tool. From ancient beliefs in the alphabet as a divine gift to growing awareness of its empirical origins through the study of scripts and inscriptions, Drucker describes the frameworks-classical, textual, biblical, graphical, antiquarian, archaeological, paleographic, and political-within which the alphabet's history has been and continues to be constructed. Drucker's book begins in ancient Greece, with the earliest writings on the alphabet's origins. She then explores biblical sources on the topic and medieval preoccupations with the magical properties of individual letters. She later delves into the development of modern archaeological and paleographic tools, and she concludes with the role of alphabetic characters in the digital era. Throughout, she argues that, as a shared form of knowledge technology integrated into every aspect of our lives, the alphabet performs complex cultural, ideological, and technical functions, and her carefully curated selection of images demonstrates how closely the letters we use today still resemble their original appearance millennia ago"--

Adirondack Enigma

Download Adirondack Enigma PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Arcadia Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1614231923
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (142 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Adirondack Enigma by : Cheri L. Farnsworth

Download or read book Adirondack Enigma written by Cheri L. Farnsworth and published by Arcadia Publishing. This book was released on 2010-03-05 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Henry Debosnys arrived in Essex, New York, the sleepy town was unprepared for the string of dark events that trailed the exotic European stranger. Within weeks of his appearance, he had romanced wealthy widow Betsey Wells, charming her friends and children and presenting the picture of an ideal new family at their spur-of-the-moment wedding. Yet when authorities discovered Betsey's mangled body in a nearby forest, Debosnys's image as a caring family man began to unravel. During his incarceration, Debosnys slowly revealed himself to be a genius fluent in six languages, a master cryptographer and the murderer of at least two previous wives. As the scrutiny on Debosnys intensified, he began producing coded messages, allegedly confessions to a lifetime of villainy. Author Cheri Farnsworth reveals never-before-seen evidence of this Upstate tragedy, including reproductions of the legendary, unsolved Debosnys cryptograms, in an effort to finally uncover the truth about this depraved con man. The only question that remains is who will be the first to crack the "Debosnys Code"?

In Synchrony with the Heavens, Volume 2 Instruments of Mass Calculation

Download In Synchrony with the Heavens, Volume 2 Instruments of Mass Calculation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9047406753
Total Pages : 1142 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (474 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis In Synchrony with the Heavens, Volume 2 Instruments of Mass Calculation by : David King

Download or read book In Synchrony with the Heavens, Volume 2 Instruments of Mass Calculation written by David King and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2005-06-01 with total page 1142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first investigation of one of the main interests of astronomy in Islamic civilization, namely, timekeeping by the sun and stars and the regulation of the astronomically-defined times of Muslim prayer. The study is based on over 500 medieval astronomical manuscripts first identified by the author, now preserved in libraries all over the world and originally from the entire Islamic world from the Maghrib to Central Asia and the Yemen. The materials presented provide new insights into the early development of the prayer ritual in Islam. They also call into question the popular notion that religion could not inspire serious scientific activity. Only one of the hundreds of astronomical tables discussed here was known in medieval Europe, which is one reason why the entire corpus has remained unknown until the present. A second volume, also to be published by Brill, deals with astronomical instruments for timekeeping and other computing devices.

Rubrics, Images and Indulgences in late Medieval Netherlandish Manuscripts

Download Rubrics, Images and Indulgences in late Medieval Netherlandish Manuscripts PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004326960
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (43 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Rubrics, Images and Indulgences in late Medieval Netherlandish Manuscripts by : Kathryn M. Rudy

Download or read book Rubrics, Images and Indulgences in late Medieval Netherlandish Manuscripts written by Kathryn M. Rudy and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2016-11-28 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What role did images play in the mania for indulgences during the decades prior to the Protestant Reformation? Rubrics, Images and Indulgences in Late Medieval Netherlandish Manuscripts considers how indulgences (the remission of time in Purgatory) were used to market certain images. Conversely, images helped to spread indulgences, such as those attached to the Virgin in sole and the Mass of St Gregory. Images also began depicting the effects of indulgences: souls escaping Purgatory. Drawing on numerous unpublished sources, Kathryn M. Rudy demonstrates how rubrics modified behaviour and expectations around image-centred devotion. Her work is the first to analyse systematically the way that indulgences and images interacted – indeed, shaped each other – prior to the Reformation.

From China to Paris

Download From China to Paris PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Franz Steiner Verlag
ISBN 13 : 9783515082235
Total Pages : 486 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (822 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis From China to Paris by : Yvonne Dold-Samplonius

Download or read book From China to Paris written by Yvonne Dold-Samplonius and published by Franz Steiner Verlag. This book was released on 2002 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reports of a conference of 11 scholars who began the task of examing together primary sources that might shed som elight on exactly how and in what fomrs mathematical problems, concepts, and techniques may have been transmitted between various civilizations, from antiquity down to the European Renaissance following more or less the legendary silk routes between China and Western Europe.

Science on Stage in Early Modern Spain

Download Science on Stage in Early Modern Spain PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
ISBN 13 : 1487519354
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (875 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Science on Stage in Early Modern Spain by : Enrique Garcia Santo-Tomas

Download or read book Science on Stage in Early Modern Spain written by Enrique Garcia Santo-Tomas and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2019-03-14 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science on Stage in Early Modern Spain features essays by leading scholars in the fields of literary studies and the history of science, exploring the relationship between technical innovations and theatrical events that incorporated scientific content into dramatic productions. Focusing on Spanish dramas between 1500 and 1700, through the birth and development of its playhouses and coliseums and the phenomenal success of its major writers, this collection addresses a unique phenomenon through the most popular, versatile, and generous medium of the time. The contributors tackle subjects and disciplines as diverse as alchemy, optics, astronomy, acoustics, geometry, mechanics, and mathematics to reveal how theatre could be used to deploy scientific knowledge. While Science on Stage contributes to cultural and performance studies it also engages with issues of censorship, the effect of the Spanish Inquisition on the circulation of ideas, and the influence of the Eastern traditions in Spain.

The Abacus and the Cross

Download The Abacus and the Cross PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : ReadHowYouWant.com
ISBN 13 : 1459606302
Total Pages : 490 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (596 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Abacus and the Cross by : Nancy Marie Brown

Download or read book The Abacus and the Cross written by Nancy Marie Brown and published by ReadHowYouWant.com. This book was released on 2010 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The medieval Catholic Church, widely considered a source of intolerance and inquisitorial fervor, was not anti-science during the Dark Ages - in fact, the pope in the year 1000 was the leading mathematician and astronomer of his day. Called ''the Scientist Pope,'' Gerbert of Aurillac rose from peasant beginnings to lead the church. By turns a teacher, traitor, kingmaker, and visionary, Gerbert is the first Christian known to teach math using the nine Arabic numerals and zero. In The Abacus and the Cross, Nancy Marie Brown skillfully explores the new learning Gerbert brought to Europe. A fascinating narrative of one remarkable math teacher, The Abacus and the Cross will captivate readers of history, science, and religion alike.

The Francis Daniel Pastorius Reader

Download The Francis Daniel Pastorius Reader PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penn State Press
ISBN 13 : 0271083883
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (71 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Francis Daniel Pastorius Reader by : Patrick Erben

Download or read book The Francis Daniel Pastorius Reader written by Patrick Erben and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2020-02-26 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Francis Daniel Pastorius was one of the first German settlers to Pennsylvania and a touchstone figure of German-American cultural heritage. This monumental anthology presents a selection of his many writings in one volume. Pastorius sailed to North America as a Pietist but found a unique home among the Quakers in Pennsylvania. Within this early modern religious context, he was a lawyer, educator, and community leader; a polymath; and a prolific writer and collector of knowledge. At the turn of the eighteenth century, Pastorius held one of the largest manuscript collections in North America and wrote voluminously in multiple languages. His collecting, curation, and dissemination represents a unique look at the ways information was stored, processed, and utilized during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in both North America and Europe. This rich selection of Pastorius’s writings on religion, education, gardening, law and community, and the colony of Pennsylvania—as well as letters, poems, and numerous encyclopedic and bibliographic works—shows the mind of a true humanist in action. Pastorius’s works have long been important to the archival study of early German settlement and the Atlantic world. Now available together, transcribed, translated, and annotated, his writings will have widespread significance to the study of early American literature and history.

Islamic Astronomy and Geography

Download Islamic Astronomy and Geography PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000585158
Total Pages : 357 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Islamic Astronomy and Geography by : David A. King

Download or read book Islamic Astronomy and Geography written by David A. King and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-02-13 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of 12 studies, mainly published during the past 15 years, begins with an overview of the Islamic astronomy covering not only sophisticated mathematical astronomy and instrumentation but also simple folk astronomy, and the ways in which astronomy was used in the service of religion. It continues with discussions of the importance of Islamic instruments and scientific manuscript illustrations. Three studies deal with the regional schools that developed in Islamic astronomy, in this case, Egypt and the Maghrib. Another focuses on a curious astrological table for calculating the length of life of any individual. The notion of the world centred on the sacred Kaaba in Mecca inspired both astronomers and proponents of folk astronomy to propose methods for finding the qibla, or sacred direction towards the Kaaba; their activities are surveyed here. The interaction between the mathematical and folk traditions in astronomy is then illustrated by an 11th-century text on the qibla in Transoxania. The last three studies deal with an account of the geodetic measurements sponsored by the Caliph al-Ma'mûn in the 9th century; a world-map in the tradition of the 11th-century polymath al-Bîrûnî, alas corrupted by careless copying; and a table of geographical coordinates from 15th-century Egypt.

Text & Context in Islamic Societies

Download Text & Context in Islamic Societies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Garnet & Ithaca Press
ISBN 13 : 9780863722981
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (229 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Text & Context in Islamic Societies by : Irene A. Bierman

Download or read book Text & Context in Islamic Societies written by Irene A. Bierman and published by Garnet & Ithaca Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of papers from the sixteenth Giorgio Levi Della Vida conference wihch honored Andre Raymond and Josef van Ess.