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The Characteristics Of Aposematism And Noxious Spray In The Striped Skunk Mephitis Mephitis
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Book Synopsis The Characteristics of Aposematism and Noxious Spray in the Striped Skunk (Mephitis Mephitis) by : Victoria Mann
Download or read book The Characteristics of Aposematism and Noxious Spray in the Striped Skunk (Mephitis Mephitis) written by Victoria Mann and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Skunk spray produced in the anal glands of the striped skunk can have extremely adverse effects on potential predators, who then learn to avoid provoking these animals in the future. Despite this spray being an extremely effective predator deterrent, few studies have assessed the molecular constituents found within striped skunk spray, and no studies have attempted to assess how important ecological factors could influence the strength of the spray. The goal of this study was to assess the honesty of striped skunk pelage and the influence of predation risk and life history on skunk musk by measuring the variation in the amounts of the major noxious chemicals of skunk spray, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of fifty-eight anal secretion samples and dorsal stripe images were collected from striped skunks from two separate locations differing in mammalian and avian predation risk. Overall, the findings of this study support the hypothesis that striped skunk spray and pelage whiteness varies more in areas with greater risk of predation by mammals, and anal secretion noxiousness is influenced by the skunk’s weight, sex, and reproductive state. The aposematic coloration exhibited by skunks as well as the defensive spray mechanism is largely influenced and selectively maintained by mammalian predation pressures.
Book Synopsis Ecological Causes of Intraspecific Variation in the Aposematic Patterning of the Striped Skunk Mephitis Mephitis by : Hannah Walker
Download or read book Ecological Causes of Intraspecific Variation in the Aposematic Patterning of the Striped Skunk Mephitis Mephitis written by Hannah Walker and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: This study sought to shed light on the evolutionary mechanisms behind occurrences of intraspecific variation in visual aposematic signaling, which contradict well-recognized evolutionary theories predicting signal conformity. Using the striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), which exhibits vast intraspecific variation in its stripe signal, as model aposematic prey, we endeavored to tease apart sources of selection driving and maintaining warning signal variation. To do this, we analyzed striping patterns of museum M. mephitis skins together with estimated specimen habitat characteristics to investigate whether different striped skunk coloration patterns (1) are no longer under intense selection due to fewer contemporary predators, (2) are shaped by different predatory threats, (3) are a compromise between conspicuousness up close and crypsis at a distance, (4) are impacted by predator desperation at times of palatable prey scarcity, such as harsh winters, (5) vary with humidity (Gloger’s law predicts darker pelage with increasing humidity), or (6) vary with urbanization, which is frequently shown to have effects on nearby wildlife. Analyses revealed that M. mephitis stripes show increased variation in dorsal whiteness as predation pressure decreases, suggesting relaxed selection on signal consistency with decreases in predatory pressure. Stripes were also shown to decrease in amount of overall dorsal whiteness with increasing relative humidity, thus following Gloger’s rule.
Book Synopsis Antipredator Strategies of Striped Skunks in Response to Cues of Aerial and Terrestrial Predators by : Kimberly A. Fisher
Download or read book Antipredator Strategies of Striped Skunks in Response to Cues of Aerial and Terrestrial Predators written by Kimberly A. Fisher and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Prey species defend themselves behaviorally and morphologically, and often utilize varied antipredator strategies against dissimilar predator types (i.e. terrestrial vs. aerial). Striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) spray noxious secretions at predators and advertise this danger with deterrent behaviors and black-and-white aposematic coloration. Evidence suggests skunks are effective at deterring terrestrial mammalian predators but are vulnerable to aerial predators; how skunks assess the risk posed by different predator types, however, has not been examined empirically. I recorded the behavioral responses of skunks to audio playbacks of coyotes and great horned owls (the primary terrestrial and aerial predators of skunks, respectively), and peregrine falcons and white noise as controls, as well as to a visual remote controlled model. Skunks engaged in vigilance and running away more often in response to owl vocalizations, suggesting skunks perceive owls as more threatening relative to coyotes. Skunks were more likely to foot stomp and run away in response to the remote controlled model compared with coyote vocalizations, implying visual cues were perceived as more risky than audio cues. This study elucidates how a well-defended mammal can determine which perceived threat is most risky and alter its behavior when its main defense strategy is not successful against all predator types.
Book Synopsis Predatory Behavior in the Striped Skunk, Mephitis Mephitis by : Donn Edward Carr
Download or read book Predatory Behavior in the Striped Skunk, Mephitis Mephitis written by Donn Edward Carr and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Striped Skunk by : Roger G. Schmitke
Download or read book The Striped Skunk written by Roger G. Schmitke and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Use Areas, Habitat Use, and Den Characteristics of Striped Skunks (Mephitis Mephitis) in Lowland and Upland Landscapes During Pre- and Post-flood Conditions by : David L. Sempek
Download or read book Use Areas, Habitat Use, and Den Characteristics of Striped Skunks (Mephitis Mephitis) in Lowland and Upland Landscapes During Pre- and Post-flood Conditions written by David L. Sempek and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Activity Patterns, Home Range, Denning Habits and Observations of the Family Unit of the Striped Skunk (Mephitis Mephitis) in the Sacramento Valley, California by : Barbara Ann Peck
Download or read book Activity Patterns, Home Range, Denning Habits and Observations of the Family Unit of the Striped Skunk (Mephitis Mephitis) in the Sacramento Valley, California written by Barbara Ann Peck and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Striped Skunk by : Elizabeth T. I. James
Download or read book Striped Skunk written by Elizabeth T. I. James and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Density, Dispersal, and Dispersion of the Striped Skunk (Mephitis Mephitis) in Southeastern North Dakota by : Lee Lamont Upham
Download or read book Density, Dispersal, and Dispersion of the Striped Skunk (Mephitis Mephitis) in Southeastern North Dakota written by Lee Lamont Upham and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Aspects of Winter Dormancy in the Striped Skunk (Mephitis Mephitis) by : Graham Richard Percy Mutch
Download or read book Aspects of Winter Dormancy in the Striped Skunk (Mephitis Mephitis) written by Graham Richard Percy Mutch and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Home Range, Movements, Activity, and Den Ecology of the Striped Skunk (Mephitis Mephitis) in the Sacramento Valley, California by : Randall Lee Gray
Download or read book Home Range, Movements, Activity, and Den Ecology of the Striped Skunk (Mephitis Mephitis) in the Sacramento Valley, California written by Randall Lee Gray and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Striped Skunk (mephitis Mephitis) by : Illinois. Division of Fish and Wildlife Resources
Download or read book Striped Skunk (mephitis Mephitis) written by Illinois. Division of Fish and Wildlife Resources and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ecological Aspects of Winter Dormancy in the Striped Skunk (Mephitis Mephitis) by :
Download or read book Ecological Aspects of Winter Dormancy in the Striped Skunk (Mephitis Mephitis) written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Biology of the Striped Skunk, Mephitis Mephitis (Schreber), and Its Role in the Epizoothiology of Rabies in Northwestern Illinois by : B. J. Verts
Download or read book The Biology of the Striped Skunk, Mephitis Mephitis (Schreber), and Its Role in the Epizoothiology of Rabies in Northwestern Illinois written by B. J. Verts and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Urban Striped Skunk (Mephitis Mephitis) Movements, Home Range and Focal Location Photo-monitoring by : Mark D. Weissinger
Download or read book Urban Striped Skunk (Mephitis Mephitis) Movements, Home Range and Focal Location Photo-monitoring written by Mark D. Weissinger and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Variation in Home Range and Use of Habitat in the Striped Skunk (Mephitis Mephitis) by : Andrea Bixler
Download or read book Variation in Home Range and Use of Habitat in the Striped Skunk (Mephitis Mephitis) written by Andrea Bixler and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We studied home-range size, home-range overlap and use of habitat in a population of striped skunks Mephitis mephitis in eastern Tennessee. Variables determined to influence home-range size were season and body weight: skunks had larger ranges in the spring than in winter and heavier females had larger ranges. Habitat, sex and sample sizes of radio-fixes did not correlate with home-range size. All home ranges overlapped by 1.4-100% of the range area. There was no pattern of greater intersexual than intrasexual overlap; this differs from many other carnivore studies. Movements of individuals and distribution of den sites indicated that striped skunks, irrespective of sex or size, prefer edge habitat in comparison to forest or field.
Book Synopsis An Assessment of the Genetic Structure of a Striped Skunk (Mephitis Mephitis) Population Across an Urban Landscape by : Wesley Allen Brashear
Download or read book An Assessment of the Genetic Structure of a Striped Skunk (Mephitis Mephitis) Population Across an Urban Landscape written by Wesley Allen Brashear and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Striped skunks act as reservoirs of many zoonotic diseases and are highly adept at persisting in urbanized landscapes in relatively high densities. A better understanding of the interaction between skunks and the urban environment could aid in the development of management techniques for epidemiological outbreaks, as well as provide information on wildlife responses to urbanization induced habitat fragmentation. We studied the genetic structure of a population of striped skunks in an urban environment, assessing the presence of subpopulation structuring, sex-biased philopatry, and natal habitat-biased dispersal. We failed to detect any significant population clustering or evidence of natal habitat-biased dispersal, but spatial autocorrelation analyses did reveal patterns of limited dispersal (
