The Changing Landscape of the Academic Profession

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781135508746
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (87 download)

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Book Synopsis The Changing Landscape of the Academic Profession by : Vicente M. Lechuga

Download or read book The Changing Landscape of the Academic Profession written by Vicente M. Lechuga and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Changing Landscape of the Academic Profession

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780415976954
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (769 download)

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Book Synopsis The Changing Landscape of the Academic Profession by : Lechuga

Download or read book The Changing Landscape of the Academic Profession written by Lechuga and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Changing Landscape of the Academic Profession

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780415646499
Total Pages : 222 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (464 download)

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Book Synopsis The Changing Landscape of the Academic Profession by : Vicente M. Lechuga

Download or read book The Changing Landscape of the Academic Profession written by Vicente M. Lechuga and published by . This book was released on 2013-02-13 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid success of for-profit colleges and universities (FPCUs) only recently has caught the attention of scholars in academe. The continuing expansion of the proprietary higher education sector has lead to fundamental questions regarding the purpose and function of FPCUs. As new technologies continue to emerge, education is becoming of increasing import to employees seeking to upgrade their skills and employers in search of individuals who possess the necessary expertise and training to help their organizations succeed. For-profit institutions challenge traditional notions of the academy--such as shared governance, tenure, and academic freedom--by utilizing administrative practices that more aptly apply to the corporate arena. Moreover, they exclusively employ non-tenure-track faculty members. This study provides a framework for understanding faculty roles and responsibilities at for profit colleges and universities. The author employs a series of in-depth interviews with 53 faculty members, from four for-profit institutions. Utilizing a cultural framework, the study explores the attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions of faculty work with particular consideration given to faculty member's non-tenure-track status, participation in decision-making activities, and academic freedom. The study examines the culture of the faculty work by asking how the profit-seeking nature of the institution affects their efforts inside and outside of the classroom. The author introduces a new component to the cultural framework that illustrates how the close ties between FPCUs and business and industry affect the nature of faculty work.

The Changing Landscape of the Academic Profession

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135508607
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (355 download)

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Book Synopsis The Changing Landscape of the Academic Profession by : Vicente M. Lechuga

Download or read book The Changing Landscape of the Academic Profession written by Vicente M. Lechuga and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-12-13 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid success of for-profit colleges and universities (FPCUs) only recently has caught the attention of scholars in academe. The continuing expansion of the proprietary higher education sector has lead to fundamental questions regarding the purpose and function of FPCUs. As new technologies continue to emerge, education is becoming of increasing import to employees seeking to upgrade their skills and employers in search of individuals who possess the necessary expertise and training to help their organizations succeed. For-profit institutions challenge traditional notions of the academy--such as shared governance, tenure, and academic freedom--by utilizing administrative practices that more aptly apply to the corporate arena. Moreover, they exclusively employ non-tenure-track faculty members. This study provides a framework for understanding faculty roles and responsibilities at for profit colleges and universities. The author employs a series of in-depth interviews with 53 faculty members, from four for-profit institutions. Utilizing a cultural framework, the study explores the attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions of faculty work with particular consideration given to faculty member's non-tenure-track status, participation in decision-making activities, and academic freedom. The study examines the culture of the faculty work by asking how the profit-seeking nature of the institution affects their efforts inside and outside of the classroom. The author introduces a new component to the cultural framework that illustrates how the close ties between FPCUs and business and industry affect the nature of faculty work.

The Changing Academic Profession in Hong Kong

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319567918
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis The Changing Academic Profession in Hong Kong by : Gerard A. Postiglione

Download or read book The Changing Academic Profession in Hong Kong written by Gerard A. Postiglione and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-05 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hong Kong's universities have been transformed by the move from elite to mass higher education, from government support to market driven finance, from academic management to professional management, from local to cross border and international outreach, from China's education bridge to China's education window, and from a colonial model of curricular specialization to a postcolonial model emphasizing broader intellectual development and service. As the landscape of Hong Kong higher education has undergone change, so have the backgrounds, specializations, expectations and work roles of academic staff. The academic profession is ageing, increasingly insecure, more accountable, more international, at the same time, more Mainland-focused and less likely to be organized only along disciplinary lines. The academic profession today is expected to be more innovative in teaching, more productive in research and more entrepreneurial in fundraising. New approaches to governance have evolved and blurred the boundaries between academic and managerial roles within the university. The power to appoint members to university councils has become an area of contention. It has come increasing differentiation and changing expectations about knowledge creation and application. This has expanded the role of the academy and challenged the coherence and viability of the traditional academic role and loyalties to original disciplines. Based on the multitude of challenges in Hong Kong higher education, this book explores the future direction of Hong Kong academic profession. "Hong Kong has arguably one of the best higher education systems in the world. At the heart of this system, and indeed of any system, is the academic profession. The Changing Academic in Hong Kong provides a convincing and multifaceted analysis of the professoriate. This book is essential for understanding Hong Kong's success--and it has lessons for a broader understanding of the academic profession." Philip G. Altbach, Research Professor, Boston College, USA "The one book that has presented a complete portrait of recent changes and challenges to Hong Kong’s academic profession –the book should be recognized as a classic." Futao Huang, Professor of Higher Education, Hiroshima University, Japan "Gerard Postiglione and Jisun Jung have successfully pulled together a strong team of researchers making significant contributions to the debates of changing academic profession, especially as universities in Hong Kong are developing new performance indicators in response to the University Governance Review by Sir Howard Newby. This volume is timely and highly relevant to researchers, academics and policy makers in higher education with critical reflections on academic profession in Hong Kong." Ka-ho Mok, Vice President, Lingnan University, Hong Kong“/b> "A very thorough analysis of the situation of the academic profession and its environment in Hong Kong! A setting which calls for and provides opportunities for internationality of higher education in a unique way, but concurrently is tempted to make it itself a victim of the world-wide inclination of over-emphasizing visible research productivity. Thus, the case of Hong Kong is presented as both exceptional and as prototypical for the search of the balance across the functions of higher education." Ulrich Teichler, Professor, International Centre for Higher Education Research, Kassel University, Germany "Hong Kong's higher education sector is a microcosm of many of the world's other systems: intensely urban, experiencing significant transformation, attuned to rankings and peer comparison, watchful toward government intervention, anxious about funding, and always on the lookout for new performance indicators for faculty. Anyone interested in Hong Kong will find "The Changing Academic Profession in Hong Kong" a good read, but so will those of us concerned about trends, challenges, and possibilities at university systems in the rest of the world, particularly Asia." William G. Tierney, Professor, University of Southern California, USA

The Changing Academic Profession

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400761554
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis The Changing Academic Profession by : Ulrich Teichler

Download or read book The Changing Academic Profession written by Ulrich Teichler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-15 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview on the major findings of a questionnaire survey of academic profession in international perspective. More than 25,000 professors and junior staff at universities and other institutions of higher education at almost 20 countries from all over the world provide information on their working situation, their views and activities. The study “The Changing Academic Profession” is the second major study of its kind, and changes of views and activities are presented through a comparison of the findings with those of the earlier study undertaken in the early 1990s. Major themes are the academics’ perception of their societal and institutional environments, the views on the major tasks of teaching, research and services, their professional preferences and actual activities, their career, their perceived influence and their overall job satisfaction. Emphasis is placed on the influence of recent changes in higher education: the internationalisation and globalisation, the increasing expectation to provide evidence of the relevance of academic work, and finally the growing power of management at higher education institutions. Overall, the academics surveyed show that worldwide discourses and trends in higher education put their mark on the academic profession, but differences by country continue to be noteworthy. Academics consider themselves to be more strongly exposed to mechanism of regulations, incentives and sanctions as well as various assessments than in the past; yet their own freedom, and responsibilities and influence shape their identity more strongly and are reflected in widespread professional satisfaction.

Scholars in the Changing American Academy

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9789400727304
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (273 download)

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Book Synopsis Scholars in the Changing American Academy by : William K. Cummings

Download or read book Scholars in the Changing American Academy written by William K. Cummings and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-12-02 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the nature of education generally, and higher education in particular, changes irrevocably, it is crucial to understand the informed opinions of those closest to the institutions of learning. This book, based on a survey of academics in 19 nations and conducted by leading global scholars, is a thorough sounding of the attitudes of academics to their working environment. As the post-WWII liberal consensus crumbles, higher education is increasingly viewed as a private and personal investment in individual social mobility rather than as a public good and, ipso facto, a responsibility of public authorities. The incursion of corporate culture into academe, with its ‘stakeholders’, ‘performance pay’ and obsession with ‘competitiveness’ is a matter of bitter debate, with some arguing that short-termism is obviating epoch-making research which by definition requires patience and persistence in the face of the risk of failure. This book highlights these and many other key issues facing the academic profession in the US and around the world at the beginning of the 21st century and examines the issues from the perspective of those who are at the front line of change. This group has numerous concerns, not least in the US, where government priorities are shifting with growing budget pressures to core activities such as basic education, health and welfare. Drawing too on comparable surveys conducted in 1992, the book charts the actual contours of change as reflected in the opinions of academics. Critically, the volume explicitly compares and contrasts the situation of American academics with that of academics in other advanced and developing economies. Such an assessment is critical both for Americans to chart the future of their indigenous tertiary enterprise, but also for shaping the response of the nations around the world who contemplate applying the American model to their own national systems.

Hard Labour? Academic Work and the Changing Landscape of Higher Education

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Author :
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN 13 : 178052501X
Total Pages : 205 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Hard Labour? Academic Work and the Changing Landscape of Higher Education by : Tanya Fitzgerald

Download or read book Hard Labour? Academic Work and the Changing Landscape of Higher Education written by Tanya Fitzgerald and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2012-01-05 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on data from Australia, England and New Zealand, this book addresses how neo liberal policies of successive governments have decreased autonomy of academics and increased regimes of surveillance, radically altering how academics think about and engage in their intellectual work.

The American Academic Profession

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Publisher : Transaction Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781412835848
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (358 download)

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Book Synopsis The American Academic Profession by : Stephen Richards Graubard

Download or read book The American Academic Profession written by Stephen Richards Graubard and published by Transaction Publishers. This book was released on with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book covers well the issues and problems of the U.S. academic profession in the second half of the twentieth century." -- Contemporary Science The tale of the American academic profession-that large company of men and women, unprecedented in its size and diversity-needs to be written. A large historical literature on America's colleges and universities exists, but much of it is unashamedly hagiographic. On the other hand, more critical works see American universities as being in dire need of massive reform. This charge is not sustained by the contributors to The American Academic Profession, who hope to shatter the code of silence that passes for discretion, by focusing on the forces that have conspired to create the American academic profession. Graubard includes contributions from important scholars around the world: "How the Academic Profession is Changing" by Arthur Levine; "Small Worlds, Different Worlds: The Uniqueness and Troubles of American Academic Professions" by Burton R. Clark; "The Elusive Academic Profession: Complexity and Change" by Francis Oakley; "Uncertainties in the Changing Academic Profession" by Walter E. Massey; "Stewards of Opportunity: America's Public Community Colleges" by Patrick M. Callan; "Public Universities as Academic Workplaces" by Patricia J. Gumport; "Survival of the Fittest? Postgraduate Education and the Professoriate at the Fin de Sicle" by R. M. Douglas; "Reflections on the Culture Wars" by Eugene Goodheart; "A Blow Is Like an Instrument" by Charles Bernstein; "The Science Wars and the Future of the American Academic Profession" by Jay A. Labinger; "The Scientist as Academic" by Cheryl B. Leggon; "The 'Place' of Knowledge in the American Academic Profession" by Sheldon Rothblatt; "Border Crossings: Organizational Boundaries and Challenges to the American Professoriate" by Theodore R. Mitchell; "The Development of Information Technology in American Higher Education" by Martin Trow; and "An International Academic Crisis? The American Professoriate in Comparative Perspective" by Philip G. Altbach. The American Academic Profession is not sanguine about what is currently happening in higher education, or what it imagines the future portends. It simply asks the question: Can a society truly understand its universities and colleges when it has moved too quickly from uncritical admiration to uniformed and ungenerous complaint? This volume intends to dispel some long-persistent myths in favor of objective truth. It is a must for anyone interested in academic problems, for those who work in higher education, and for everyone interested in American ideas, traditions, and social and intellectual history. Stephen R. Graubard is editor of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and its journal, Daedalus, and professor of history emeritus at Brown University.

The Community Engagement Professional in Higher Education

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Publisher : Campus Compact
ISBN 13 : 1945459050
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (454 download)

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Book Synopsis The Community Engagement Professional in Higher Education by : Lina D. Dostilio

Download or read book The Community Engagement Professional in Higher Education written by Lina D. Dostilio and published by Campus Compact. This book was released on 2017-03-10 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, offered by “practitioner-scholars,” is an exploration and identification of the knowledge, skills, and dispositions that are central to supporting effective community engagement practices between higher education and communities. The discussion and review of these core competencies are framed within a broader context of the changing landscape of institutional community engagement and the emergence of the Community Engagement Professional as a facilitator of engaged teaching, research, and institutional partnerships distinct from other academic professionals. This research, conducted as part of Campus Compact’s Project on the Community Engagement Professional, seeks to identify the shared knowledge and practices of Community Engagement Professionals by looking to empirical practice literature. Chapters include an exploration of competencies applicable to those in Community Engagement Professional roles generally, and also to those specializing in specific areas such as faculty development, partnership facilitation, and other areas of responsibility. The authors trace the evolution of engagement administration over time and the role of those facilitating community-campus engagement toward a “Second Generation” professional who is at once a “tempered radical, transformational leader, and social entrepreneur.” Central to the work is a presentation of the core competency findings, along with suggestions for continued exploration. Dostilio and her colleagues argue that Community Engagement Professionals should claim a professional identity grounded in a set of core competencies, values, and knowledge, and through association with a community of scholar practitioners similarly dedicated. Additional work to understand and empower Community Engagement Professionals in their role as distinct from other higher education professional types will enable both broader impact for institutions and communities now with a view to prepare those coming to the role for a dynamic and demanding environment without distinct boundaries.

The Relevance of Academic Work in Comparative Perspective

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331911767X
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis The Relevance of Academic Work in Comparative Perspective by : William K. Cummings

Download or read book The Relevance of Academic Work in Comparative Perspective written by William K. Cummings and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-12-02 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first of two volumes that look at the changed landscape of higher education and the academic profession. This volume focuses on academic work, examining the significant changes that have taken place in the backgrounds, specialisations, expectations and work roles of academic staff. The academic profession is ageing, and becoming increasingly insecure, more accountable, more internationalised and less likely to be organised along disciplinary lines. The private sector is more prominent, expectations from society are different and increasing, professional roles are evolving, and there is a new devotion to knowledge. This leads to questions about the attractiveness of an academic career and the quest for greater relevance of research. This book discusses in detail the themes that are common in this changed arena, such as the context for change, the relation of teaching to research, research productivity, applied and commercial research, and the relevance of teaching and research.

The Changing Landscape of International Schooling

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317814487
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (178 download)

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Book Synopsis The Changing Landscape of International Schooling by : Tristan Bunnell

Download or read book The Changing Landscape of International Schooling written by Tristan Bunnell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-06-27 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The number of English-medium international schools that deliver their curriculum wholly or partly in the English language reportedly reached 6,000 in January 2012. It is anticipated this number will rise to over 11,000 schools by 2022, employing over 500,000 English-speaking teachers. The number of children being taught in these schools reportedly reached 3 million in March 2012. Alongside this phenomenal growth the landscape of international schooling has changed fundamentally, moving away from largely serving the children of the expat and globally mobile business community and Embassies, towards serving the ‘local’ children of the wealthy and emerging middle-class. This has been reflected in the shift away from non-profit ownership by the school community towards ownership by for-profit companies and proprietors. In this book, Tristan Bunnell explores the changing landscape of international schooling and discusses the implications of these changes, both in terms of theoretically conceptualizing the scale, nature and purpose of the field, and in terms of practically serving and administering the growing industry that international education is becoming. The Changing Landscape of International Schooling will be worthwhile reading for researchers, academics and students of international schooling, leaders and teachers in international schools, and those interested in the broader development of international education.

Hard Labour? Academic Work and the Changing Landscape of Higher Education

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Author :
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1780525001
Total Pages : 211 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Hard Labour? Academic Work and the Changing Landscape of Higher Education by : Tanya Fitzgerald

Download or read book Hard Labour? Academic Work and the Changing Landscape of Higher Education written by Tanya Fitzgerald and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2012-01-05 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on data from Australia, England and New Zealand, this book addresses how neo liberal policies of successive governments have decreased autonomy of academics and increased regimes of surveillance, radically altering how academics think about and engage in their intellectual work.

University Management, the Academic Profession, and Neoliberalism

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Publisher : State University of New York Press
ISBN 13 : 1438479115
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (384 download)

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Book Synopsis University Management, the Academic Profession, and Neoliberalism by : John S. Levin

Download or read book University Management, the Academic Profession, and Neoliberalism written by John S. Levin and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2020-08-01 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines tensions and challenges in the professional lives and identities of contemporary academics. Drawing on extensive interviews conducted over seven years with academics in the United States and the United Kingdom, the authors analyze the experiences of four types of academics as they respond and adjust to the demands of neoliberalism: part-time faculty, full-time faculty, department heads and chairs, and deans. While critical of this phenomenon, University Management, the Academic Profession, and Neoliberalism also recognizes that neoliberalism cannot be driven out of academia easily or without serious consequences, such as a perilous loss of revenue and public support. Instead, it works to shed light on the complex—sometimes contradictory, sometimes complementary—relationship between market values and academic values in the roles and behaviors of faculty and administrators. In providing an unprecedented in-depth, data-based look at the management of the academic profession, the book will be of interest not only to educational researchers but also to professionals throughout higher education.

Universities in the Knowledge Society

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030765792
Total Pages : 431 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis Universities in the Knowledge Society by : Timo Aarrevaara

Download or read book Universities in the Knowledge Society written by Timo Aarrevaara and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-28 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Springer is proud to announce that 'Universities in the Knowledge Society' has received the ASHE-CIHE award for Significant Research on International Higher Education. Congratulations to Timo Aarrevaara, Martin Finkelstein, Glen A. Jones, Jisun Jung and all contributors! This book explores the complex, multi-faceted relationships between national research and innovation systems and higher education. The transition towards knowledge societies/economies is repositioning the role of the university and transforming the academic profession. The volume provides a foundational introduction to the concepts of knowledge society and knowledge economy, and these concepts ground the detailed case studies of eighteen systems, located across five continents. Each case study was written by a leading expert in that jurisdiction, and provides a critical analysis of the research and development infrastructure, the role of universities, and the implications for the academic profession. The book describes how nations in various geographic regions and at various stages of economic maturity are restructuring their university systems to adapt to the new imperatives, and provides a cross-case analysis identifying common themes and distinctive features. In telling the story of higher education’s on-going global metamorphosis, the contributing authors place current developments in the context of the university’s historic evolution, survey the changing metrics that national governments are adopting to measure university performance, and describe a new international project, the Academic Profession in the Knowledge-based Society [APiKS] that involved a common survey of academics in more than twenty countries to take the pulse of developments “on the ground” while documenting the challenges confronting knowledge workers in the new economy.

The Academic Profession

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135645337
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (356 download)

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Book Synopsis The Academic Profession by : Martin J. Finkelstein

Download or read book The Academic Profession written by Martin J. Finkelstein and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-02-04 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this series is to bring together the main currents in today's higher education and examine such crucial issues as the changing nature of education in the U.S., the considerable adjustment demanded of institutions, administrators, the faculty; the role of Catholic education; the remarkable growth of higher education in Latin America, contemporary educational concerns in Europe, and more. Among the many specific questions examined in individual articles re: Is it true that women are subtly changing the academic profession? How is power concentrated in academic organizations? How successful are Latin America's private universities? What is the correlation between higher education and employment in Spain? Is minority graduate education in the U.S. producing the desired results?

The Changing Landscape for the Libraries and Librarians : Issues & Challenges

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Author :
Publisher : BFC Publications
ISBN 13 : 9355097476
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (55 download)

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Book Synopsis The Changing Landscape for the Libraries and Librarians : Issues & Challenges by : Dr DD Lal

Download or read book The Changing Landscape for the Libraries and Librarians : Issues & Challenges written by Dr DD Lal and published by BFC Publications. This book was released on 2022-03-11 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A smart library is an information center with networks of many libraries and their services in a larger informational ecosystem around the globe. The Libraries are adding new, digital resources and services while maintaining most of the old, traditional resources and services. Now the role of libraries, information services, the relationship between a library and users is changing significantly. Traditional services of a library are modified and enhanced in an online environment. The proposed book emphasizes the importance for a library to be flexible to changing needs and to adopt new technologies rapidly. With the emergence of new technologies, the traditional library, acting as a medium for sharing information, needs an integral refinement in its processes. This transformation will bring in efficiency and minimize human error in the processes with the help of smart gates, material location finders, and smart check-out booths to automate the processes of controlling access, locating items as well as issuing/returning of materials. The smart library focuses on the use of technology in a library and is designed to be a very collaborative learning environment, where participants are encouraged to contribute ideas and information. Smart library improves traditional and non-traditional library services, improve users' library experience and enhance opportunities for students learning. Libraries are facing increased expectations from users, and challenges of developing technologies including Web 2.0, Web 3.0, ebooks, digitations, and a problem of archiving digital content. Webbased technology provides users and information professionals with powerful and flexible tools for information dissemination.