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The Case Of Ozone Depletion
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Book Synopsis NASA and the Environment by : W. Henry Lambright
Download or read book NASA and the Environment written by W. Henry Lambright and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2005 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NASA SP-2005-4538. Monographs in Aerospace History, No. 38. An important policy stimulus in many respects, ozone depletion spawned the Montreal Protocol of 1987 (the most significant international environmental treaty then in existence). It also was an issue critical to NASA’s history that served as a bridge linking NASA’s weather and land-resource satellites to NASA’s concern for the global changes affecting the home planet. Significantly, as a global environmental problem, ozone depletion underscored the importance of NASA’s ability to observe Earth from space. Moreover, the NASA management team’s ability to apply large-scale research efforts and mobilize the talents of other agencies and the private sector illuminated its role as a “lead” agency capable of crossing organizational boundaries as well as the science-policy divide.
Book Synopsis Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and Climate Change by : Rolf Müller (physicien.)
Download or read book Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and Climate Change written by Rolf Müller (physicien.) and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2012 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, several new concepts have emerged in the field of stratospheric ozone depletion, creating a need for a concise in-depth publication covering the ozone-climate issue. This monograph fills that void in the literature and gives detailed treatment of recent advances in the field of stratospheric ozone depletion. It puts particular emphasis on the coupling between changes in the ozone layer and atmospheric change caused by a changing climate. The book, written by leading experts in the field, brings the reader the most recent research in this area and fills the gap between advanced textbooks and assessments.
Book Synopsis Ozone Depletion and Climate Change by : Matthew J. Hoffmann
Download or read book Ozone Depletion and Climate Change written by Matthew J. Hoffmann and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2012-02-01 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Matthew J. Hoffmann explores the fundamental question of who should participate in the global response to ozone depletion and climate change. Blending social constructivist theory with insights from the study of complex adaptive systems, Hoffmann develops a unique framework for understanding the emergence and evolution of participation norms, which define the appropriate global response and shape how states have perceived the problems, defined their interests and strategies, and pursued governance. The explanation is rigorously developed through an innovative combination of formal analysis and in-depth empirical case studies. Agent-based computer simulation modeling is employed to explore essential norm dynamics, analysis that is complemented and extended by process-tracing case studies that examine governance activities from 1986 through 2003. The result provides the understanding necessary for improving global responses to environmental problems.
Book Synopsis The Case of Ozone Depletion by : W. Henry Lambright
Download or read book The Case of Ozone Depletion written by W. Henry Lambright and published by . This book was released on 2005-09-01 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When ozone depletion first became an issue in the late 1960s, NASA was preoccupied with Apollo & landing a man on the Moon. NASA's existing mission to observe planet Earth was augmented & directed more toward environmental quality. This report describes how in the late 1980s, NASA sought to plan & establish a new environmental effort that eventuated in the 1990s with the Earth Observing System. The Agency was able to make its initial mark via atmospheric monitoring, specifically ozone depletion. An important policy stimulus in many respects, ozone depletion spawned the Montreal Protocol of 1987. It served as a bridge linking NASA's weather & land-resource satellites to NASA's concern for the global changes affecting the home planet. Illus.
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781721016242 Total Pages :62 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (162 download)
Book Synopsis The Case of Ozone Depletion by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book The Case of Ozone Depletion written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-08-20 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is widely perceived as a space agency, since its inception NASA has had a mission dedicated to the home planet. Initially, this mission involved using space to better observe and predict weather and to enable worldwide communication. Meteorological and communication satellites showed the value of space for earthly endeavors in the 1960s. In 1972, NASA launched Landsat, and the era of earth-resource monitoring began. At the same time, in the late 1960s and early 1970s, the environmental movement swept throughout the United States and most industrialized countries. The first Earth Day event took place in 1970, and the government generally began to pay much more attention to issues of environmental quality. Mitigating pollution became an overriding objective for many agencies. NASA's existing mission to observe planet Earth was augmented in these years and directed more toward environmental quality. In the 1980s, NASA sought to plan and establish a new environmental effort that eventuated in the 1990s with the Earth Observing System (EOS). The Agency was able to make its initial mark via atmospheric monitoring, specifically ozone depletion. An important policy stimulus in many respects, ozone depletion spawned the Montreal Protocol of 1987 (the most significant international environmental treaty then in existence). It also was an issue critical to NASA's history that served as a bridge linking NASA's weather and land-resource satellites to NASA s concern for the global changes affecting the home planet. Significantly, as a global environmental problem, ozone depletion underscored the importance of NASA's ability to observe Earth from space. Moreover, the NASA management team's ability to apply large-scale research efforts and mobilize the talents of other agencies and the private sector illuminated its role as a lead agency capable of crossing organizational boundaries as well as the science-policy divide.L
Download or read book The Ozone Layer written by Guy Brasseur and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the discovery of ozone in the eighteenth century, through the late twentieth-century international agreements to protect humanity from the destruction of ozone in the stratosphere, Guy P. Brasseur traces the evolution of our scientific knowledge on air quality issues and stratospheric chemistry and dynamics. The history of ozone research is marked by typical examples of the scientific method at work, perfectly illustrating how knowledge progresses. Hypotheses are contested and then eventually accepted or rejected; truths once believed to be universal and permanent can be called into question; and debates and disagreements between scientists are settled by information from laboratory and field experiments. Of course, the scientific method can also lead to new observations--in this case, the discovery of the ozone hole. This finding took researchers by surprise, leading to new investigations and research programs. This first complete study of ozone research demonstrates the key role fundamental research plays in solving global environmental, climate, and human health problems. More importantly, it shows that the scientific method works. Convincing decision makers of research results that do not correspond to their values, or to the interests of certain business groups, stands to be the highest hurdle in using science to benefit humanity. Students, early-career scientists, and even specialists who do not know much about the history of their field will benefit from this big picture view, offered by a researcher who has played leadership roles in stewarding this science through decades of discovery.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :488 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (3 download)
Book Synopsis Scientific Integrity and Public Trust by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment
Download or read book Scientific Integrity and Public Trust written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion 2014 by : National Oceanic And Atmospheric Adminis
Download or read book Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion 2014 written by National Oceanic And Atmospheric Adminis and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2017-09-08 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document is part of the information upon which the Parties to the United Nations Montreal Protocol will base their future decisions regarding ozone-depleting substances, their alternatives, and protection of the ozone layer. It is the latest in a long series of scientific assessments that have informed the Parties and contains the policy-relevant major findings of the Assessment's five scientific chapters. Actions taken under the Montreal Protocol have led to decreases in the atmospheric abundance of controlled ozone-depleting substances (ODSs), and are enabling the return of the ozone layer toward 1980 levels. This comprehensive volume includes many tables, figures, and charts throughout; and the appendices include acronyms and abbreviations, listings of authors, contributors, and reviewers from around the world, and chemical formulas. Related products: NASA and the Environment: The Case of Ozone Depletion is available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/nasa-and-environment-case-ozone-depletion Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Protection of Environment, Pt. 96-99, Revised as of July 1, 2016 can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/code-federal-regulations-title-40-protection-environment-pt-96-99-revised-july-1-2016 Our Changing Atmosphere: Discoveries from EOS Aura (Booklet) -reduced list price while supplies last available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/our-changing-atmosphere-discoveries-eos-aura-booklet
Book Synopsis Climate Change and Stratospheric Ozone Depletion by : Sari Kovats
Download or read book Climate Change and Stratospheric Ozone Depletion written by Sari Kovats and published by WHO Regional Office Europe. This book was released on 2000-11 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A balanced assessment based on currently available scientific knowledge of the effects that climate change may have on the environment in Europe and the health of its populations. Written in non-technical language the book responds to growing public and political concern about the consequences of such widely publicized phenomena as global warming and stratospheric ozone depletion. The book also responds to evidence that recent warming trends in Europe have already affected health. The book opens with a brief explanation of the causes of climate change and stratospheric ozone depletion followed by an overview of recent European and global initiatives aimed at monitoring trends and assessing their impact on health. The first main chapter on climate change in Europe summarizes currently documented trends and provides a scenario of possible changes throughout the rest of this century. The second and most extensive chapter reviews scientific evidence on specific health consequences. These include effects related to increased episodes of thermal stress and air pollution; changes in foodborne water-related vector-borne and rodent-borne diseases; mortality from floods and other weather extremes; and changes in the production of aeroallergens associated with respiratory disorders including asthma. Chapter three considers health effects linked to stratospheric ozone depletion giving particular attention to adverse effects on the eye and immune system and skin cancer. The remaining chapters discuss health effects expected in the next decade and outline actions urgently needed in the areas of policy monitoring and surveillance and research.
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration Publisher :CreateSpace ISBN 13 :9781493700400 Total Pages :74 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (4 download)
Book Synopsis NASA and the Environment by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Download or read book NASA and the Environment written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-11 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is widely perceived as a space agency, since its inception NASA has had a mission dedicated to the home planet. Initially, this mission involved using space to better observe and predict weather and to enable worldwide communication. Meteorological and communication satellites showed the value of space for earthly endeavors in the 1960s. In 1972, NASA launched Landsat, and the era of earth-resource monitoring began. At the same time, in the late 1960s and early 1970s, the environmental movement swept throughout the United Sates and most industrialized countries. The first Earth Day event took place in 1970, and the government generally began to pay much more attention to issues of environmental quality. Mitigating pollution became an overriding objective for many agencies. NASA's existing mission to observe planet Earth was augmented in these years and directed more toward environmental quality. In the 1980s, NASA sought to plan and establish a new environmental effort that eventuated in the 1990s with the Earth Observing System (EOS). The Agency was able to make its initial mark via atmospheric monitoring, specifically ozone depletion. An important policy stimulus in many respects, ozone depletion spawned the Montreal Protocol of 1987 (the most significant international environmental treaty then in existence). It also was an issue critical to NASA's history that served as a bridge linking NASA's weather and land-resource satellites to NASA's concern for the global changes affecting the home planet. Significantly, as a global environmental problem, ozone depletion underscored the importance of NASA's ability to observe Earth from space. Moreover, the NASA management team's ability to apply large-scale research efforts and mobilize the talents of other agencies and the private sector illuminated its role as a “lead” agency capable of crossing organizational boundaries as well as the science-policy divide. The approach used to examine the evolving relationship between an agency and a program focuses on decision-making. The decision-making process goes through a number of stages that can span many years. The ozone decision-making process began in the late 1960s. Along the way, NASA assumed a new role and developed new relationships with other agencies. It made key decisions in the program's birth and development. While no longer acute, the ozone policy process continues, and there is increased scientific recognition of the link between ozone depletion and climate change. That link, along with other issues remaining to be understood, has required constant attention. Ozone depletion thus represents an important case study in the history of NASA and environmental sciences. It is one from which many lessons can be learned about the management of science and technology and the application of knowledge to policy-making decisions. In tracking NASA's decision-making process, the author has made use of the various books on ozone policy—and it should be emphasized this paper's orientation is on ozone policy and the NASA government program, not the history of environmental science.
Book Synopsis NASA and the environment the case of ozone depletion by : W. Henry Lambright
Download or read book NASA and the environment the case of ozone depletion written by W. Henry Lambright and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stratospheric Ozone Damage and Legal Liability by : Lisa Elges
Download or read book Stratospheric Ozone Damage and Legal Liability written by Lisa Elges and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 5.3 Unreasonableness of interference -- PART III Defences -- 6 Statutes of limitation and repose -- 7 Federal and state law pre-emption under the Clean Air Act -- 8 Regulatory compliance defence -- 9 Downstream liability question -- 10 Open and obvious risks -- 10.1 Summary of conclusions to Part III -- PART IV Rationale, relevance and objectives of the ozone layer case -- 11 The basis for assessing why the ozone layer case is relevant and important -- 11.1 Should tort law remedies be pursued in the ozone layer case? -- 11.2 Are administrative remedies available, and if not, is a tort remedy warranted? -- 11.3 Are other legal remedies available, and if not, is a tort remedy warranted? -- 12 Tort law policy basis for the ozone layer case -- 12.1 Corrective justice -- 12.2 Social justice -- 12.3 Deterrence -- 13 Lessons and benefits for climate change policy and litigation -- 14 Conclusion -- Appendix: Annual production of ozone depleting substance globally and by US companies in the United States, 1931-2012 -- Bibliography -- Index
Download or read book Ozone Hole written by Darlene R. Stille and published by Children's Press(CT). This book was released on 1991 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies the important role of atmospheric ozone in protecting the Earth, and tells how man-made chemicals are causing worrisome holes in the polar ozone layers.
Book Synopsis Protecting the Ozone Layer by : Stephen O Andersen
Download or read book Protecting the Ozone Layer written by Stephen O Andersen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-05-23 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 1970s the world became aware of a huge danger: the destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer by CFCs escaping into the atmosphere, and the damage this could do to human health and the food chain. So great was the threat that by 1987 the UN had succeeded in coordinating an international treaty to phase out emissions; which, over the following 15 years has been implemented. It has been hailed as an outstanding success. It needed the participation of all the parties: governments, industry, scientists, campaigners, NGOs and the media, and is a model for future treaties. This volume provides the authoritative and comprehensive history of the whole process from the earliest warning signs to the present. It is an invaluable record for all those involved and a necessary reference for future negotiations to a wide range of scholars, students and professionals.
Book Synopsis Twenty Years of Ozone Decline by : Christos Zerefos
Download or read book Twenty Years of Ozone Decline written by Christos Zerefos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-05-24 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Homer speaks of lightning bolts after which ‘a grim reek of sulphur bursts forth’ and the air was ‘?lled with reeking brimstone’. (Homer 3000 BC). The odour was not actually the smell of sulphur dioxide associated with burning sulphur, but rather was the ?rst recorded detection of the presence of another strong odour, that of ozone (O ) in Earth’s atmosphere. These molecules were formed by the passage of 3 lightning through the air, created by splitting the abundant molecular oxygen (O ) 2 molecules into two, followed by the addition of each of the free O atoms to another O to form the triatomic product. In fact, most of the ozone molecules present 2 in the atmosphere at any time have been made by this same two-step splitti- plus-combination process, although the initiating cause usually begins with very energetic solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation rather than lightning. Many thousands of years later, the modern history of ozone began with its synthesis in the laboratory of H. F. Schonbein in 1840 (Nolte 1999), although the positive con?rmation of its three-oxygen atom chemical formula came along sometime later. Scienti?c interest in high-altitude stratospheric ozone dates back to 1881 when Hartley measured the spectrum of ozone in the laboratory and found that its ability to absorb UV light extended only to 293nm at the long wavelength end (Hartley 1881a).
Download or read book Ozone Crisis written by Sharon Roan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1989 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The real story behind the . Ozone Crisis Straight from today′s headlines, award–winning science writer Sharon Roan offers an incisive look at one of the planet′s most pressing ecological concerns. Ozone Crisis tells the compelling, often shocking story of the discovery of ozone depletion, the fight to ban chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and future prospects and prognoses. "At last a sober, well–researched, and well–written book on an important environmental problem.. a good yarn about stratospheric ozone..This is clearly one of the best case studies of the evolution of science–intensive public policy." ––Choice "An engaging account . skillfully recounts in terms readily understood by lay readers the shrewd detective work and unprecedented scientific cooperation that helped give rise to the Montreal Treaty." ––John C. Topping, President, Climate Institute "Whether you have the slightest interest in environmental matters or not, this book should be on your ′must check out!′ list." ––Western Producer "Anyone interested in understanding contemporary environmental policy issues will find Roan has written a well–researched, well–balanced, and informative book in an easy–to–read, journalistic style." ––Naturalist Review
Download or read book Protection of the Ozone Layer written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
