The Blind In French Society From The Middle Ages To The Century Of Louis Braille

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The Blind in French Society from the Middle Ages to the Century of Louis Braille

Author : Zina Weygand
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 080477238X
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis The Blind in French Society from the Middle Ages to the Century of Louis Braille by : Zina Weygand

Download or read book The Blind in French Society from the Middle Ages to the Century of Louis Braille written by Zina Weygand and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2009-08-07 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The integration of the blind into society has always meant taking on prejudices and inaccurate representations. Weygand's highly accessible anthropological and cultural history introduces us to both real and imaginary figures from the past, uncovering French attitudes towards the blind from the Middle Ages through the first half of the nineteenth century. Much of the book, however, centers on the eighteenth century, the enlightened age of Diderot's emblematic blind man and of the Institute for Blind Youth in Paris, founded by Valentin Haüy, the great benefactor of blind people. Weygand paints a moving picture of the blind admitted to the institutions created for them and of the conditions under which they lived, from the officially-sanctioned beggars of the medieval Quinze-Vingts to the cloth makers of the Institute for Blind Workers. She has also uncovered their fictional counterparts in an impressive array of poems, plays, and novels.The book concludes with Braille, whose invention of writing with raised dots gave blind people around the world definitive access to silent reading and to written communication.

There Plant Eyes

Author : M. Leona Godin
Publisher : Vintage
ISBN 13 : 198489840X
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (848 download)

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Book Synopsis There Plant Eyes by : M. Leona Godin

Download or read book There Plant Eyes written by M. Leona Godin and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2022-08-30 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From Homer to Helen Keller, from Dune to Stevie Wonder, from the invention of braille to the science of echolocation, M. Leona Godin explores the fascinating history of blindness, interweaving it with her own story of gradually losing her sight. “[A] thought-provoking mixture of criticism, memoir, and advocacy." —The New Yorker There Plant Eyes probes the ways in which blindness has shaped our ocularcentric culture, challenging deeply ingrained ideas about what it means to be “blind.” For millennia, blindness has been used to signify such things as thoughtlessness (“blind faith”), irrationality (“blind rage”), and unconsciousness (“blind evolution”). But at the same time, blind people have been othered as the recipients of special powers as compensation for lost sight (from the poetic gifts of John Milton to the heightened senses of the comic book hero Daredevil). Godin—who began losing her vision at age ten—illuminates the often-surprising history of both the condition of blindness and the myths and ideas that have grown up around it over the course of generations. She combines an analysis of blindness in art and culture (from King Lear to Star Wars) with a study of the science of blindness and key developments in accessibility (the white cane, embossed printing, digital technology) to paint a vivid personal and cultural history. A genre-defying work, There Plant Eyes reveals just how essential blindness and vision are to humanity’s understanding of itself and the world.

Blind in Early Modern Japan

Author : Wei Yu Wayne Tan
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
ISBN 13 : 0472220438
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (722 download)

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Book Synopsis Blind in Early Modern Japan by : Wei Yu Wayne Tan

Download or read book Blind in Early Modern Japan written by Wei Yu Wayne Tan and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2022-09-06 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the loss of sight—whether in early modern Japan or now—may be understood as a disability, blind people in the Tokugawa period (1600–1868) could thrive because of disability. The blind of the era were prominent across a wide range of professions, and through a strong guild structure were able to exert contractual monopolies over certain trades. Blind in Early Modern Japan illustrates the breadth and depth of those occupations, the power and respect that accrued to the guild members, and the lasting legacy of the Tokugawa guilds into the current moment. The book illustrates why disability must be assessed within a particular society’s social, political, and medical context, and also the importance of bringing medical history into conversation with cultural history. A Euro-American-centric disability studies perspective that focuses on disability and oppression, the author contends, risks overlooking the unique situation in a non-Western society like Japan in which disability was constructed to enhance blind people’s power. He explores what it meant to be blind in Japan at that time, and what it says about current frameworks for understanding disability.

Foundations of Ophthalmology

Author : Michael F. Marmor
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319596411
Total Pages : 221 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Foundations of Ophthalmology by : Michael F. Marmor

Download or read book Foundations of Ophthalmology written by Michael F. Marmor and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-29 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There have been books over the years discussing the history of ophthalmology, but none that focus directly on just the most critical thinkers whose insights provided the foundation for the discipline. These men and women advanced knowledge about vision, diagnosis, disease mechanisms, and therapy through innovative thinking and perseverance against old ideas. Their stories are intriguing at a personal level and for showing the complexity of advancing medical science and, therefore, should be required reading for anyone practicing ophthalmology. Foundations of Ophthalmology includes giants such as Young (the nature of color and light), Braille (a practical reading system for the blind), Helmholtz (development of the ophthalmoscope), von Graefe (defining glaucoma), Curie (discovery of radiation and the basis of radiation therapy), Gonin (demonstration how to cure retinal detachment), Ridley (serendipity that led to intraocular lenses), and Kelman (development of phacoemulsification that revolutionized cataract surgery).

Stumbling Blocks Before the Blind

Author : Edward Wheatley
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
ISBN 13 : 0472903802
Total Pages : 479 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (729 download)

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Book Synopsis Stumbling Blocks Before the Blind by : Edward Wheatley

Download or read book Stumbling Blocks Before the Blind written by Edward Wheatley and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2022-10-20 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Bold, deeply learned, and important, offering a provocative thesis that is worked out through legal and archival materials and in subtle and original readings of literary texts. Absolutely new in content and significantly innovative in methodology and argument, Stumbling Blocks Before the Blind offers a cultural geography of medieval blindness that invites us to be more discriminating about how we think of geographies of disability today." ---Christopher Baswell, Columbia University "A challenging, interesting, and timely book that is also very well written . . . Wheatley has researched and brought together a leitmotiv that I never would have guessed was so pervasive, so intriguing, so worthy of a book." ---Jody Enders, University of California, Santa Barbara Stumbling Blocks Before the Blind presents the first comprehensive exploration of a disability in the Middle Ages, drawing on the literature, history, art history, and religious discourse of England and France. It relates current theories of disability to the cultural and institutional constructions of blindness in the eleventh through fifteenth centuries, examining the surprising differences in the treatment of blind people and the responses to blindness in these two countries. The book shows that pernicious attitudes about blindness were partially offset by innovations and ameliorations---social; literary; and, to an extent, medical---that began to foster a fuller understanding and acceptance of blindness. A number of practices and institutions in France, both positive and negative---blinding as punishment, the foundation of hospices for the blind, and some medical treatment---resulted in not only attitudes that commodified human sight but also inhumane satire against the blind in French literature, both secular and religious. Anglo-Saxon and later medieval England differed markedly in all three of these areas, and the less prominent position of blind people in society resulted in noticeably fewer cruel representations in literature. This book will interest students of literature, history, art history, and religion because it will provide clear contexts for considering any medieval artifact relating to blindness---a literary text, a historical document, a theological treatise, or a work of art. For some readers, the book will serve as an introduction to the field of disability studies, an area of increasing interest both within and outside of the academy. Edward Wheatley is Surtz Professor of Medieval Literature at Loyola University, Chicago.

A Cultural History of Disability in the Middle Ages

Author : Jonathan Hsy
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 135002872X
Total Pages : 201 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis A Cultural History of Disability in the Middle Ages by : Jonathan Hsy

Download or read book A Cultural History of Disability in the Middle Ages written by Jonathan Hsy and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2023-05-17 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Middle Ages was an era of dynamic social transformation, and notions of disability in medieval culture reflected how norms and forms of embodiment interacted with gender, class, and race, among other dimensions of human difference. Ideas of disability in courtly romance, saints' lives, chronicles, sagas, secular lyrics, dramas, and pageants demonstrate the nuanced, and sometimes contradictory, relationship between cultural constructions of disability and the lived experience of impairment. An essential resource for researchers, scholars, and students of history, literature, visual art, cultural studies, and education, A Cultural History of Disability in the Middle Ages explores themes and topics such as atypical bodies; mobility impairment; chronic pain and illness; blindness; deafness; speech; learning difficulties; and mental health.

Reviewing Blindness in French Fiction, 1789–2013

Author : Hannah Thompson
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137435119
Total Pages : 199 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (374 download)

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Book Synopsis Reviewing Blindness in French Fiction, 1789–2013 by : Hannah Thompson

Download or read book Reviewing Blindness in French Fiction, 1789–2013 written by Hannah Thompson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-18 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book argues that the most interesting depictions of blindness in French fiction are those which call into question and ultimately undermine the prevailing myths and stereotypes of blindness which dominate Western thought. Rather than seeing blindness as an affliction, a tragedy or even a fate worse than death, the authors examined in this study celebrate blindness for its own sake. For them it is a powerful artistic and creative force which offers new and surprising ways of describing, and relating to, reality. Canonical and lesser-known novels from a range of genres, including the roman noir, science fiction, auto-fiction and realism are analyzed in detail to show how the presence of blind characters invites the reader to abandon his or her traditional reliance on the sense of sight and engage with the world in sensual, and hitherto unexpected, ways. This book challenges everything we thought we knew about blindness and invites us to revel in the pleasures and perils of reading blind.

Who Was Louis Braille?

Author : Margaret Frith
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0448479036
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (484 download)

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Book Synopsis Who Was Louis Braille? by : Margaret Frith

Download or read book Who Was Louis Braille? written by Margaret Frith and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2014-03-13 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Louis Braille certainly wasn't your average teenager. Blind from the age of four, he was only fifteen when in 1824 he invented a reading system that converted printed words into columns of raised dots. Through touch, Braille opened the world of books to the sightless, and almost two hundred years later, no one has ever improved upon his simple, brilliant idea.

Blindness and Enlightenment: An Essay

Author : Kate E. Tunstall
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 1441113452
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (411 download)

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Book Synopsis Blindness and Enlightenment: An Essay by : Kate E. Tunstall

Download or read book Blindness and Enlightenment: An Essay written by Kate E. Tunstall and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2011-08-18 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Blindness and Enlightenment presents a reading and a new translation of Diderot's Letter on the Blind. Diderot was the editor of the Encyclopédie, that Trojan horse of Enlightenment ideas, as well as a novelist, playwright, art critic and philosopher. His Letter on the Blind of 1749 is essential reading for anyone interested in Enlightenment philosophy or eighteenth-century literature because it contradicts a central assumption of Western literature and philosophy, and of the Enlightenment in particular, namely that moral and philosophical insight is dependent on seeing. Kate Tunstall's essay guides the reader through the Letter, its anecdotes, ideas and its conversational mode of presenting them, and it situates the Letter in relation both to the Encyclopedie and to a rich tradition of writing about and, most importantly, talking and listening to the blind.

Civil Disabilities

Author : Nancy J. Hirschmann
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812290534
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis Civil Disabilities by : Nancy J. Hirschmann

Download or read book Civil Disabilities written by Nancy J. Hirschmann and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2014-12-24 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An estimated one billion people around the globe live with a disability; this number grows exponentially when family members, friends, and care providers are included. Various countries and international organizations have attempted to guard against discrimination and secure basic human rights for those whose lives are affected by disability. Yet despite such attempts many disabled persons in the United States and throughout the world still face exclusion from full citizenship and membership in their respective societies. They are regularly denied employment, housing, health care, access to buildings, and the right to move freely in public spaces. At base, such discrimination reflects a tacit yet pervasive assumption that disabled persons do not belong in society. Civil Disabilities challenges such norms and practices, urging a reconceptualization of disability and citizenship to secure a rightful place for disabled persons in society. Essays from leading scholars in a diversity of fields offer critical perspectives on current citizenship studies, which still largely assume an ableist world. Placing historians in conversation with anthropologists, sociologists with literary critics, and musicologists with political scientists, this interdisciplinary volume presents a compelling case for reimagining citizenship that is more consistent, inclusive, and just, in both theory and practice. By placing disability front and center in academic and civic discourse, Civil Disabilities tests the very notion of citizenship and transforms our understanding of disability and belonging. Contributors: Emily Abel, Douglas C. Baynton, Susan Burch, Allison C. Carey, Faye Ginsburg, Nancy J. Hirschmann, Hannah Joyner, Catherine Kudlick, Beth Linker, Alex Lubet, Rayna Rapp, Susan Schweik, Tobin Siebers, Lorella Terzi.

The Routledge Companion to Art and Disability

Author : Keri Watson
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000553450
Total Pages : 574 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis The Routledge Companion to Art and Disability by : Keri Watson

Download or read book The Routledge Companion to Art and Disability written by Keri Watson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-03-30 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Companion to Art and Disability explores disability in visual culture to uncover the ways in which bodily and cognitive differences are articulated physically and theoretically, and to demonstrate the ways in which disability is culturally constructed. This companion is organized thematically and includes artists from across historical periods and cultures in order to demonstrate the ways in which disability is historically and culturally contingent. The book engages with questions such as: How are people with disabilities represented in art? How are notions of disability articulated in relation to ideas of normality, hybridity, and anomaly? How do artists use visual culture to affirm or subvert notions of the normative body? Contributors consider the changing role of disability in visual culture, the place of representations in society, and the ways in which disability studies engages with and critiques intersectional notions of gender, race, ethnicity, class, and sexuality. This book will be particularly useful for scholars in art history, disability studies, visual culture, and museum studies.

Radio and the Politics of Sound in Interwar France, 1921-1939

Author : Rebecca Scales
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107108675
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Radio and the Politics of Sound in Interwar France, 1921-1939 by : Rebecca Scales

Download or read book Radio and the Politics of Sound in Interwar France, 1921-1939 written by Rebecca Scales and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-02-24 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores how radio broadcasting and the emerging audio culture transformed the dynamics of French politics during the tumultuous interwar decades.

Art Theory as Visual Epistemology

Author : Harald Klinke
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1443862517
Total Pages : 155 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (438 download)

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Book Synopsis Art Theory as Visual Epistemology by : Harald Klinke

Download or read book Art Theory as Visual Epistemology written by Harald Klinke and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2014-06-26 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can we “know”? What does “knowledge” mean? These were the fundamental questions of epistemology in the 17th century. In response to continental rationalism, the British empiricist John Locke proposed that the only knowledge humans can have is acquired a posterior. In a discussion of the human mind, he argued, the source of knowledge is sensual experience – mostly vision. Since vision and picture-making are the realm of art, art theory picked up on questions such as: are pictures able to represent knowledge about the world? How does the production of images itself generate knowledge? How does pictorial logic differ from linguistic logic? How can artists contribute to a collective search for truth? Questions concerning the epistemic potential of art can be found throughout the centuries up until the present day. However, these are not questions of art alone, but of the representational value of images in general. Thus, the history of art theory can contribute much to recent discussions in Visual Studies and Bildwissenschaften by showing the historic dimension of arguments about what images are or should be. “What is knowledge?” is as much a philosophic question as “What is an image?” Visual epistemology is a new and promising research field that is best investigated using an interdisciplinary approach that addresses a range of interconnected areas, such as internal and external images and the interplay of producer and perceiver of images. This publication outlines this territory by gathering together several approaches to visual epistemology by many distinguished authors.

Disability Histories

Author : Susan Burch
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
ISBN 13 : 025209669X
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (52 download)

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Book Synopsis Disability Histories by : Susan Burch

Download or read book Disability Histories written by Susan Burch and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 2014-12-30 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of disability history continues to evolve rapidly. In this collection, Susan Burch and Michael Rembis present nineteen essays that integrate critical analysis of gender, race, historical context, and other factors to enrich and challenge the traditional modes of interpretation still dominating the field. As the first collection of its kind in over a decade, Disability Histories not only brings readers up to date on scholarship within the field but fosters the process of moving it beyond the U.S. and Western Europe by offering work on Africa, South America, and Asia. The result is a broad range of readings that open new vistas for investigation and study while encouraging scholars at all levels to redraw the boundaries that delineate who and what is considered of historical value. Informed and accessible, Disability Histories is essential for classrooms engaged in all facets of disability studies within and across disciplines. Contributors are Frances Bernstein, Daniel Blackie, Pamela Block, Elsbeth Bösl, Dea Boster, Susan K. Cahn, Alison Carey, Fatima Cavalcante, Jagdish Chander, Audra Jennings, John Kinder, Catherine Kudlick, Paul R. D. Lawrie, Herbert Muyinda, Kim E. Nielsen, Katherine Ott, Stephen Pemberton, Anne Quartararo, Amy Renton, and Penny Richards.

Experiences of Charity, 1250-1650

Author : Anne M. Scott
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317137884
Total Pages : 371 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (171 download)

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Book Synopsis Experiences of Charity, 1250-1650 by : Anne M. Scott

Download or read book Experiences of Charity, 1250-1650 written by Anne M. Scott and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-09 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For a number of years scholars who are concerned with issues of poverty and the poor have turned away from the study of charity and poor relief, in order to search for a view of the life of the poor from the point of view of the poor themselves. Great studies have been conducted using a variety of records, resulting in seminal works that have enriched our understanding of pauper experiences and the influence and impact of poverty on societies. If we return our gaze to ’charity’ with the benefit of those studies' questions, approaches, sources and findings, what might we see differently about how charity was experienced as a concept and in practice, at both community and personal levels? In this collection, contributors explore the experience of charity towards the poor, considering it in spiritual, intellectual, emotional, personal, social, cultural and material terms. The approach is a comparative one: across different time periods, nations, and faiths. Contributors pay particular attention to the way faith inflected charity in the different national environments of England and France, as Catholicism and Calvinism became outlawed and/or minority faith positions in these respective nations. They ask how different faith and beliefs defined or shaped the act of charity, and explore whether these changed over time even within one faith. The sources used to answer such questions go beyond the textual as contributors analyse a range of additional sources that include the visual, aural, and material.

Life Unseen

Author : Selina Mills
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1350349739
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (53 download)

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Book Synopsis Life Unseen by : Selina Mills

Download or read book Life Unseen written by Selina Mills and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2023-06-15 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Imagine a world without sight. Is it dark and gloomy? Is it terrifying and isolating? Or is it simply a state of not seeing, which we have demonised and sentimentalized over the centuries? And why is blindness so frightening? In this fascinating historical adventure, Broadcaster and author Selina Mills takes us on a journey through the history of blindness in Western Culture to discover that blindness is not so dark after all. Inspired by her own experience of losing her sight as she forged a successful journalistic career, Life Unseen takes us through a personal and unsentimental historical quest through the lives, stories and achievements of blind people - as well as those sighted people who sought to patronize, demonize and fix them. From the blind poet Homer, through the myths and moralising of early medieval culture to the scientific and medical discoveries of the Enlightenment and modern times, the story of blindness turns out to be a story of our whole culture.

The Invention of the Self

Author : Andrew Spira
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1350091049
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis The Invention of the Self by : Andrew Spira

Download or read book The Invention of the Self written by Andrew Spira and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2020-06-25 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an examination of personal identity, exploring both who we think we are, and how we construct the sense of ourselves through art. It proposes that the notion of personal identity is a psycho-social construction that has evolved over many centuries. While this idea has been widely discussed in recent years, Andrew Spira approaches it from a completely new point of view. Rather than relying on the thinking subject's attempts to identify itself consciously and verbally, it focuses on the traces that the self-sense has unconsciously left in the fabric of its environment in the form of non-verbal cultural conventions. Covering a millennium of western European cultural history, it amounts to an 'anthropology of personal identity in the West'. Following a broadly chronological path, Spira traces the self-sense from its emergence from the collectivity of the medieval Church to its consummation in the individualistic concept of artistic genius in the nineteenth century. In doing so, it aims to bridge a gap that exists between cultural history and philosophy. Regarding cultural history (especially art history), it elicits significances from its material that have been thoroughly overlooked. Regarding philosophy, it highlights the crucial role that material culture plays in the formation of philosophical ideas. It argues that the sense of personal self is as much revealed by cultural conventions - and as a cultural convention - as it is observable to the mind as an object of philosophical enquiry.