The Black College Mystique

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Author :
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 9780742546172
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (461 download)

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Book Synopsis The Black College Mystique by : Charles Vert Willie

Download or read book The Black College Mystique written by Charles Vert Willie and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2006 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study discussses the ways in which Black colleges can be of help to non-Blacks (including white students) who can benefit from the unique kind of education offered by such schools. It compares the culture of black colleges and universities a generation ago with those that exist today, and makes projections into the future based on a comprehensive review of professional literature and an analysis of the management skills of contemporary black college leaders.

The Morehouse Mystique

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781934155141
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (551 download)

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Book Synopsis The Morehouse Mystique by : John H. Eaves

Download or read book The Morehouse Mystique written by John H. Eaves and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than just an institutional biography, this story of Morehouse College discusses how the all-male African American school in Atlanta continues to build its legacy as an institution that develops its students into successful men of the highest caliber. Though Morehouse offers its students an excellent liberal arts education in an environment that is conducive to academic, social, and spiritual growth, the book posits that it has something more to explain its extraordinary success rate. The analysis of this quality--deemed "the Morehouse Mystique"--includes an appraisal of the challenges of being black and male in America and examines the college's astute approach to leadership development, which has produced such famed alumni as Martin Luther King Jr., and Spike Lee. By carefully dissecting the way that Morehouse nurtures its students, the discussion maintains that other institutions, and by extension American society, can take better strides toward helping black men reach their full potential.

Administrative Challenges and Organizational Leadership in Historically Black Colleges and Universities

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Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1522503129
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (225 download)

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Book Synopsis Administrative Challenges and Organizational Leadership in Historically Black Colleges and Universities by : Prince, Charles B. W.

Download or read book Administrative Challenges and Organizational Leadership in Historically Black Colleges and Universities written by Prince, Charles B. W. and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2016-06-16 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Student retention, engagement, and success are some of the biggest challenges that administrators and university leaders face in higher education settings. As financial support and steep competition pose an issue to student acquisition and participation, especially within Historically Black Colleges and Universities, it becomes pertinent that these academic organizations implement new leadership practices to assist in the overall success of the student, as well as the institution. Administrative Challenges and Organizational Leadership in Historically Black Colleges and Universities examines how administrations in Historically Black Educational Institutions utilize different leadership techniques to overcome challenges of student retention and engagement. Focusing on student development practices, organizational collaboration, funding for institutions, and support provided from faculty and staff within Historically Black Colleges and Universities, this book is an essential reference for university administrators, educators, researchers, and graduate-level students in the fields of education and sociology.

Black Colleges Across the Diaspora

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Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN 13 : 178714903X
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (871 download)

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Book Synopsis Black Colleges Across the Diaspora by : M. Christopher Brown II

Download or read book Black Colleges Across the Diaspora written by M. Christopher Brown II and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2017-12-01 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines colleges and universities across the diaspora with majority African, African-American, and other Black designated student enrolments. It engages the diversity of Black colleges and universities and explains their critical role in promoting academic excellence in higher education.

Unearthing Promise and Potential: Our Nation's Historically Black Colleges and Universities

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Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 047063510X
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (76 download)

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Book Synopsis Unearthing Promise and Potential: Our Nation's Historically Black Colleges and Universities by : Gasman

Download or read book Unearthing Promise and Potential: Our Nation's Historically Black Colleges and Universities written by Gasman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-06-21 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Born out of extreme racism and shepherded through the centuries by enduring hope, the nation's historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) have educated countless African Americans. These institutions, which boast great diversity, are treasures that illuminate the talent and potential of African Americans. This volume provides an overview of the salient issues facing HBCUs as well as the many contributions that these historic institutions make to our country as a whole. Topics include Historic Origins of HBCUs Desegregation Students Presidental Leadership Faculty and Governance Issues Fundraising Federal and State Policy Curriculum Thoughts about the future With suggestions for additional reading, other references and an appendix of historically black colleges and universities by, this is a comprehensive and much-needed addition to the literature in the field on HBCUs. This is the fifth issue the 35th volume of the Jossey-Bass series ASHE Higher Education Report. Each monograph in the series is the definitive analysis of a tough higher education problem, based on thorough research of pertinent literature and institutional experiences. Topics are identified by a national survey. Noted practitioners and scholars are then commissioned to write the reports, with experts providing critical reviews of each manuscript before publication.

Developing Women Leaders in the Academy through Enhanced Communication Strategies

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Author :
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1498595324
Total Pages : 259 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (985 download)

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Book Synopsis Developing Women Leaders in the Academy through Enhanced Communication Strategies by : Jayne Cubbage

Download or read book Developing Women Leaders in the Academy through Enhanced Communication Strategies written by Jayne Cubbage and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2020-01-21 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developing Women Leaders in the Academy through Enhanced Communication Strategies explores the experiences, strategies, and triumphs of women who have attained leadership roles within the academy as well as the shortfalls, disappointments, and battle scars many women leaders have experienced in their quest to lead. Clear direction, focused strategies, and enhanced communication are necessary to increase the ever-growing number of women in leadership positions in the academy. Contributions to this book discuss the ways in which these concepts have been employed to transcend the “academic ceiling” by creating mentoring networks for women, training programs, and other “ladders of ascension,” encouraging future leaders to be more assertive, self-assured, and strategic within the academic terrain. Scholars of communication, education, and women’s studies will find this volume particularly useful.

The Morehouse Mystique

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Author :
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421406047
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis The Morehouse Mystique by : Marybeth Gasman

Download or read book The Morehouse Mystique written by Marybeth Gasman and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2012-04-01 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Morehouse School of Medicine in Atlanta, Georgia, is one of only four predominantly Black medical schools in the United States. Among its illustrious alumni are surgeons general of the United States, medical school presidents, and numerous other highly regarded medical professionals. This book tells the engrossing history of this venerable institution. The school was founded just after the civil rights era, when major barriers prevented minorities from receiving adequate health care and Black students were underrepresented in predominantly White medical schools. The Morehouse School of Medicine was conceived to address both problems—it was a minority-serving institution educating doctors who would practice in underserved communities. The school's history involves political maneuvering, skilled leadership, dedication to training African American physicians, and a mission of primary care in disadvantaged communities. Highlighting such influential leaders as former Health and Human Services Secretary Louis W. Sullivan, The Morehouse Mystique situates the school in the context of the history of medical education for Blacks and race relations throughout the country. The book features excerpts from personal interviews with prominent African American doctors as well as with former presidents Jimmy Carter and George H. W. Bush, who reveal how local, state, and national politics shaped the development of Black medical schools in the United States. The story of the Morehouse School of Medicine reflects the turbulent time in which it was founded and the lofty goals and accomplishments of a diverse group of African American leaders. Their tireless efforts in creating this eminent Black institution changed the landscape of medical education and the racial and ethnic makeup of physicians and health care professions.

How Black Colleges Empower Black Students

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Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000977455
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis How Black Colleges Empower Black Students by : Frank W. Hale

Download or read book How Black Colleges Empower Black Students written by Frank W. Hale and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-07-03 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To their disadvantage, few Americans--and few in higher education--know much about the successes of historically Black colleges and universities. How is it that historically Black colleges graduate so many low-income and academically poorly prepared students? How do they manage to do so well with students "as they are", even when adopting open admissions policies?In this volume, contributors from a wide spectrum of Black colleges offer insights and examples of the policies and practice--such as retention strategies, co-curricular activities and approaches to mentoring--which underpin their disproportionate success with populations that too often fail in other institutions.This book also challenges the myth that these colleges are segregated institutions and that teachers of color are essential to minority student success. HBCUs employ large numbers of non-Black faculty who demonstrate the ability to facilitate the success of African American students.This book offers valuable lessons for faculty, faculty developers, student affairs personnel and administrators in the wider higher education community–lessons that are all the more urgent as they face a growing racially diverse student population.While, for HBCUs themselves, this book reaffirms the importance of their mission today, it also raises issues they must address to maintain the edge they have achieved.Contributors: Pamela G. Arrington; Delbert Baker; Susan Baker; Stanley F. Battle; T. J. Bryan; Terrolyn P. Carter; Ronnie L. Collins; Samuel DuBois Cook; Elaine Johnson Copeland; Marcela A. Copes; Quiester Craig; Lawrence A. Davis, Jr.; Frances C. Gordon; Frank W. Hale, Jr.; B. Denise Hawkins; Karen A. Holbrook; James E. Hunter; Frank L. Matthews; Henry Ponder; Anne S. Pruitt-Logan; Talbert O. Shaw; Orlando L. Taylor ; W. Eric Thomas; M. Rick Turner; Mervyn A. Warren; Charles V. Willie; James G. Wingate.

Constructing Black Education at Oberlin College

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Publisher : Ohio University Press
ISBN 13 : 0821443631
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis Constructing Black Education at Oberlin College by : Roland M. Baumann

Download or read book Constructing Black Education at Oberlin College written by Roland M. Baumann and published by Ohio University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-31 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1835 Oberlin became the first institute of higher education to make a cause of racial egalitarianism when it decided to educate students “irrespective of color.” Yet the visionary college’s implementation of this admissions policy was uneven. In Constructing Black Education at Oberlin College: A Documentary History, Roland M. Baumann presents a comprehensive documentary history of the education of African American students at Oberlin College. Following the Reconstruction era, Oberlin College mirrored the rest of society as it reduced its commitment to black students by treating them as less than equals of their white counterparts. By the middle of the twentieth century, black and white student activists partially reclaimed the Oberlin legacy by refusing to be defined by race. Generations of Oberlin students, plus a minority of faculty and staff, rekindled the college’s commitment to racial equality by 1970. In time, black separatism in its many forms replaced the integrationist ethic on campus as African Americans sought to chart their own destiny and advance curricular change. Oberlin’s is not a story of unbroken progress, but rather of irony, of contradictions and integrity, of myth and reality, and of imperfections. Baumann takes readers directly to the original sources by including thirty complete documents from the Oberlin College Archives. This richly illustrated volume is an important contribution to the college’s 175th anniversary celebration of its distinguished history, for it convincinglydocuments how Oberlin wrestled over the meaning of race and the destiny of black people in American society.

Race and Racism in the United States [4 volumes]

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Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 1440803463
Total Pages : 1926 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (48 download)

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Book Synopsis Race and Racism in the United States [4 volumes] by : Charles A. Gallagher

Download or read book Race and Racism in the United States [4 volumes] written by Charles A. Gallagher and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2014-06-24 with total page 1926 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How is race defined and perceived in America today, and how do these definitions and perceptions compare to attitudes 100 years ago... or 200 years ago? This four-volume set is the definitive source for every topic related to race in the United States. In the 21st century, it is easy for some students and readers to believe that racism is a thing of the past; in reality, old wounds have yet to heal, and new forms of racism are taking shape. Racism has played a role in American society since the founding of the nation, in spite of the words "all men are created equal" within the Declaration of Independence. This set is the largest and most complete of its kind, covering every facet of race relations in the United States while providing information in a user-friendly format that allows easy cross-referencing of related topics for efficient research and learning. The work serves as an accessible tool for high school researchers, provides important material for undergraduate students enrolled in a variety of humanities and social sciences courses, and is an outstanding ready reference for race scholars. The entries provide readers with comprehensive content supplemented by historical backgrounds, relevant examples from primary documents, and first-hand accounts. Information is presented to interest and appeal to readers but also to support critical inquiry and understanding. A fourth volume of related primary documents supplies additional reading and resources for research.

Creating New Possibilities for the Future of HBCUs

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Author :
Publisher : IAP
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (873 download)

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Book Synopsis Creating New Possibilities for the Future of HBCUs by : Terrell L. Strayhorn

Download or read book Creating New Possibilities for the Future of HBCUs written by Terrell L. Strayhorn and published by IAP. This book was released on 2024-03-01 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Creating New Possibilities for the Future of HBCUs brings together over 20 higher education scholars with more than 150 years of combined professional experience to critically examine the current contributions of and future directions for our nation’s 101 historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs). The book breaks new ground on Black colleges and offers hope and optimism for charting their future despite shrinking investments in higher education, declining enrollments, and eroding public confidence in the value of a college degree. The book was written to tell the truth, to right (or “[re]write”) past wrongs about HBCUs, and to shift our collective gaze from the uncertain, shaky past of a select few to a far more promising future for all based on insights from contemporary empirical research. Each chapter addresses a particular aspect of higher education as it relates to HBCUs, documenting the undeniable legacy of Black colleges, their current challenges and untold successes, blended with findings from recent empirical studies—both quantitative and qualitative—that clearly create new possibilities for the future of HBCUs. This volume was developed to break new ground on often overlooked and understudied terrain in higher education scholarship. Organized into three major sections, the book includes chapters focusing on HBCUs as institutions and a small, but consequential, segment of the higher education enterprise. Section Two consists of 6 chapters addressing the experiences of HBCU students, paying close attention to issues of intersectionality, heterogeneity, and race/ethnicity, to name a few. A third, and final, section turns much-needed attention to HBCU personnel, including campus administrators, college presidents, and faculty. Rich in its coverage of culture, facts, and past history, this new book offers much to those interested in charting new possibilities for the future of HBCUs.

Diversity in American Higher Education

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136865624
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (368 download)

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Book Synopsis Diversity in American Higher Education by : Lisa M. Stulberg

Download or read book Diversity in American Higher Education written by Lisa M. Stulberg and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-05-23 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diversity has been a focus of higher education policy, law, and scholarship for decades, continually expanding to include not only race, ethnicity and gender, but also socioeconomic status, sexual and political orientation, and more. However, existing collections still tend to focus on a narrow definition of diversity in education, or in relation to singular topics like access to higher education, financial aid, and affirmative action. By contrast, Diversity in American Higher Education captures in one volume the wide range of critical issues that comprise the current discourse on diversity on the college campus in its broadest sense. This edited collection explores: legal perspectives on diversity and affirmative action higher education's relationship to the deeper roots of K-12 equity and access policy, politics, and practice's effects on students, faculty, and staff. Bringing together the leading experts on diversity in higher education scholarship, Diversity in American Higher Education redefines the agenda for diversity as we know it today.

Transforming Understandings of Diversity in Higher Education

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Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000980189
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Transforming Understandings of Diversity in Higher Education by : Penny A. Pasque

Download or read book Transforming Understandings of Diversity in Higher Education written by Penny A. Pasque and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-07-03 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This exciting new text examines one of the most important and yet elusive terms in higher education and society: What do we mean when we talk in a serious way about “diversity”? A distinguished group of diversity scholars explore the latest discourse on diversity and how it is reflected in research and practice. The chapters trace how the discourse on diversity is newly shaped after many of the 20th century concepts of race, ethnicity, gender and class have lost authority. In the academic disciplines and in public discourse, perspectives about diversity have been rapidly shifting in recent years. This is especially true in the United States where demographic changes and political attitudes have prompted new observations—some which will clash with traditional frameworks.This text brings together scholars whose research has opened up new ways to understand the complexities of diversity in higher education. Because the essential topic under consideration is changing so quickly, the editors of this volume also have asked the contributors to reflect on the paths their own scholarship has taken in their careers, and to see how they would relate their current conceptualization of diversity to one or more of three identified themes (demography, democracy and discourse). Each chapter ends with a candid graduate student interview of the author that provides an engaged picture of how the authors wrestle with one of the most complicated topics shaping them (and all of us) as individuals and as scholars. Of interest to anyone who is following the debates about diversity issues on our campuses, the book also offers a wonderful introduction to graduate students entering a discipline where critically important ideas are still very much alive for discussion.

Music and Mystique in Muscle Shoals

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Author :
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
ISBN 13 : 0252053516
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (52 download)

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Book Synopsis Music and Mystique in Muscle Shoals by : Christopher M. Reali

Download or read book Music and Mystique in Muscle Shoals written by Christopher M. Reali and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 2022-07-19 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A No Depression Most Memorable Music Book of 2022 The forceful music that rolled out of Muscle Shoals in the 1960s and 1970s shaped hits by everyone from Wilson Pickett and Aretha Franklin to the Rolling Stones and Paul Simon. Christopher M. Reali's in-depth look at the fabled musical hotbed examines the events and factors that gave the Muscle Shoals sound such a potent cultural power. Many artists trekked to FAME Studios and Muscle Shoals Sound in search of the sound of authentic southern Black music—and at times expressed shock at the mostly white studio musicians waiting to play it for them. Others hoped to draw on the hitmaking production process that defined the scene. Reali also chronicles the overlooked history of Muscle Shoals's impact on country music and describes the region's recent transformation into a tourism destination. Multifaceted and informed, Music and Mystique in Muscle Shoals reveals the people, place, and events behind one of the most legendary recording scenes in American history.

Ebony Towers in Higher Education

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Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000978869
Total Pages : 139 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Ebony Towers in Higher Education by : Ronyelle Bertrand Ricard

Download or read book Ebony Towers in Higher Education written by Ronyelle Bertrand Ricard and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-07-03 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is the purpose of black colleges? Why do black colleges continue to exist? Are black colleges necessary?Historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) are at the same time the least studied and the least understood institutions of higher education and the most maligned and the most endangered.This unique study examines the mission of four-year HBCUs from the perspective of the campus president, as a foundation for understanding the relevance and role of these institutions. This is the first research to focus on the role of presidents of black colleges; is based on extensive interviews with fifteen presidents; and takes into particular account the type of campus environments in which they operate.Unlike community colleges, women’s colleges, men’s colleges, and Hispanic-serving colleges, Black colleges are racially identifiable institutions. They also vary significantly in, among other characteristics: size, control (public or private), religious affiliation, gender composition, and available resources. Although united in the historic mission of educating African Americans, each black college or university has its own identity and set of educational objectives. The book examines how presidents define and implement mission in the context of their campuses, view the challenges they face, and confront the factors that promote or hinder implementation of their missions.

Exploring Issues of Diversity within HBCUs

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Author :
Publisher : IAP
ISBN 13 : 168123100X
Total Pages : 343 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (812 download)

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Book Synopsis Exploring Issues of Diversity within HBCUs by : Ted N. Ingram

Download or read book Exploring Issues of Diversity within HBCUs written by Ted N. Ingram and published by IAP. This book was released on 2015-07-01 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this edited volume is to examine the historical and contemporary dynamics of diversity as well as the realities, challenges, and opportunities associated with diversity work at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). This proposed book will include four sections, focusing on the historical developments and socio-political factors impacting diversity work at HBCUs, organizational structure and philosophical approaches, challenges and opportunities facing particular populations, and analysis of best practices. This text is designed to provide an overview and better understanding of diversity and multiculturalism that exists in historically Black colleges and universities. The contents of the text will examine equity and inclusion efforts in these institutions, and will explore various theories and practices utilized within the academy. Also, the text will examine race, class, gender, ethnicity, nationality, religion, age, ability and sexuality. The goal of the book is to assist students, faculty, and staff in the higher educational landscape in developing their own understandings of historical and contemporary issues related to diversity at HBCUs. Critical analysis of the multiple worldviews will be discussed as we explore the origin, nature and scope of multiple ideologies within diversity, equity and inclusion at HBCUs. In addition, this book will be an invaluable teaching resource for faculty in Educational Leadership Programs, Student Affairs Programs, or Sociology Programs, and other fields interested in issues of retaining and supporting diverse college students.

The Jim Crow Encyclopedia [2 volumes]

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Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313341826
Total Pages : 950 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (133 download)

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Book Synopsis The Jim Crow Encyclopedia [2 volumes] by : Nikki Brown

Download or read book The Jim Crow Encyclopedia [2 volumes] written by Nikki Brown and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2008-09-30 with total page 950 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jim Crow refers to a set of laws in many states, predominantly in the South, after the end of Reconstruction in 1877 that severely restricted the rights and privileges of African Americans. As a caste system of enormous social and economic magnitude, the institutionalization of Jim Crow was the most significant element in African American life until the 1960s Civil Rights Movement led to its dismantling. Racial segregation, as well as responses to it and resistance against it, dominated the African American consciousness and continued to oppress African Americans and other minorities, while engendering some of the most important African American contributions to society. This major encyclopedia is the first devoted to the Jim Crow era. The era is encapsulated through more than 275 essay entries on such areas as law, media, business, politics, employment, religion, education, people, events, culture, the arts, protest, the military, class, housing, sports, and violence as well as through accompanying key primary documents excerpted as side bars. This set will serve as an invaluable, definitive resource for student research and general knowledge. The authoritative entries are written by a host of historians with expertise in the Jim Crow era. The quality content comes in an easy-to-access format. Readers can quickly find topics of interest, with alphabetical and topical lists of entries in the frontmatter, along with cross-references to related entries per entry. Further reading is provided per entry. Dynamic sidebars throughout give added insight into the topics. A chronology, selected bibliography, and photos round out the coverage. Sample entries include Advertising, Affirmative Action, Armed Forces, Black Cabinet, Blues, Brooklyn Dodgers, Bolling v. Sharpe, Confederate Flag, Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), Detroit Race Riot 1943, Ralph Ellison, Eyes on the Prize, G.I. Bill, Healthcare, Homosexuality, Intelligence Testing, Japanese Internment, Liberia, Minstrelsy, Nadir of the Negro, Poll Taxes, Rhythm and Blues, Rural Segregation, Sharecropping, Sundown Towns, Booker T. Washington, Works Project Administration, World War II.