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Test No 455 Draft Performance Based Test Guideline For Stably Transfected Transactivation In Vitro Assays To Detect Estrogen Receptor Agonists And Antagonists
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Book Synopsis Test No. 455: Draft Performance-Based Test Guideline for Stably Transfected Transactivation In Vitro Assays to Detect Estrogen Receptor Agonists and Antagonists by :
Download or read book Test No. 455: Draft Performance-Based Test Guideline for Stably Transfected Transactivation In Vitro Assays to Detect Estrogen Receptor Agonists and Antagonists written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Performance-Based Test Guideline (PBTG) describes in vitro assays, which provide the methodology of Stably Transfected Transactivation to detect Estrogen Receptor Agonists and Antagonists (ER TA assays). It comprises mechanistically and functionally similar test methods for the identification of estrogen receptor agonists and antagonists and should facilitate the development of new similar or modified test methods. The two reference test methods that provide the basis for this PBTG are: the Stably Transfected TA (STTA) assay using the (h) ERÎł-HeLa-9903 cell line, derived from a human cervical tumor, and the BG1Luc ER TA assay using the BG1Luc-4E2 cell line, derived from a human ovarian adenocarcinoma. The cell lines used in these assays express ER and have been stably transfected with an ER responsive luciferase reporter gene. The assays are used to identify chemicals that activate (id est act as agonists) and also suppress (id est act as antagonists) ER- dependent transcription. ER are activated following ligand binding, after which the receptor-ligand complex binds to specific DNA response elements and transactivates the reporter gene, resulting in increased cellular expression of a marker enzyme (e.g. luciferase in luciferase based systems). The enzyme then transforms the substrate to a bioluminescent product that can be quantitatively measured with a luminometer. These test methods are being proposed for screening and prioritisation purposes, but also provide mechanistic information that can be used in a weight of evidence approach.
Book Synopsis Test No. 455: Draft Performance-Based Test Guideline for Stably Transfected Transactivation In Vitro Assays to Detect Estrogen Receptor Agonists and Antagonists by : Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques
Download or read book Test No. 455: Draft Performance-Based Test Guideline for Stably Transfected Transactivation In Vitro Assays to Detect Estrogen Receptor Agonists and Antagonists written by Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Test No. 455: Performance-Based Test Guideline for Stably Transfected Transactivation In Vitro Assays to Detect Estrogen Receptor Agonists and Antagonists by : OECD
Download or read book Test No. 455: Performance-Based Test Guideline for Stably Transfected Transactivation In Vitro Assays to Detect Estrogen Receptor Agonists and Antagonists written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2015-07-28 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Performance-Based Test Guideline (PBTG) describes in vitro assays, which provide the methodology of Stably Transfected Transactivation to detect Estrogen Receptor Agonists and Antagonists (ER TA assays).
Book Synopsis Test No. 455: Performance-Based Test Guideline for Stably Transfected Transactivation In Vitro Assays to Detect Estrogen Receptor Agonists by : OECD
Download or read book Test No. 455: Performance-Based Test Guideline for Stably Transfected Transactivation In Vitro Assays to Detect Estrogen Receptor Agonists written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2012-10-02 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Performance-Based Test Guideline (PBTG) describes in vitro assays, which provides the methodology of Stably Transfected Transactivation to detect Estrogen Receptor Agonists (ER TAs). It comprises mechanistically and functionally similar test ...
Book Synopsis OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4 Test No. 455: Performance-Based Test Guideline for Stably Transfected Transactivation In Vitro Assays to Detect Estrogen Receptor Agonists and Antagonists by : OECD
Download or read book OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4 Test No. 455: Performance-Based Test Guideline for Stably Transfected Transactivation In Vitro Assays to Detect Estrogen Receptor Agonists and Antagonists written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2021-06-17 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Performance-Based Test Guideline (PBTG) describes in vitro assays, which provide the methodology of Stably Transfected Transactivation to detect Estrogen Receptor Agonists and Antagonists (ER TA assays).
Book Synopsis Alternative Toxicological Methods by : Harry Salem
Download or read book Alternative Toxicological Methods written by Harry Salem and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-03-26 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing together the recent and relevant contributions of over 125 scientists from industry, government, and academia in North America and Western Europe, Alternative Toxicological Methods explores the development and validation of replacement, reduction, and refinement alternatives (the 3Rs) to animal testing. Internationally recognized scientist
Book Synopsis OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4 Test No. 442E: In Vitro Skin Sensitisation In Vitro Skin Sensitisation assays addressing the Key Event on activation of dendritic cells on the Adverse Outcome Pathway for Skin Sensitisation by : OECD
Download or read book OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4 Test No. 442E: In Vitro Skin Sensitisation In Vitro Skin Sensitisation assays addressing the Key Event on activation of dendritic cells on the Adverse Outcome Pathway for Skin Sensitisation written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2024-06-25 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present Key Event based Test Guideline (TG) addresses the human health hazard endpoint skin sensitisation, following exposure to a test chemical. Skin sensitisation refers to an allergic response following skin contact with the tested chemical, as defined by the United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (UN GHS). This TG is proposed to address the activation of dendritic cells, which is one Key Event on the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) for Skin Sensitisation. It provides four in vitro test methods addressing the same Key Event on the AOP: (i) the human cell Line Activation Test or h-CLAT method, (ii) the U937 Cell Line Activation Test or U-SENS, (iii) the Interleukin-8 Reporter Gene Assay or IL-8 Luc assay and (iv) the Genomic Allergen Rapid Detection for assessment of skin sensitisers (GARDTMskin). All of them are used for supporting the discrimination between skin sensitisers and non-sensitisers in accordance with the UN GHS. The test methods described in this TG either quantify the change in the expression of cell surface marker(s) CD54 and CD86, the cytokine IL-8, or a series of genes (genomic biomarker signature) that are associated with the process of activation of monocytes and DC following exposure to sensitisers.
Book Synopsis Hayes' Principles and Methods of Toxicology, Sixth Edition by : A. Wallace Hayes
Download or read book Hayes' Principles and Methods of Toxicology, Sixth Edition written by A. Wallace Hayes and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-10-10 with total page 2186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hayes’ Principles and Methods of Toxicology has long been established as a reliable reference to the concepts, methodologies, and assessments integral to toxicology. The new sixth edition has been revised and updated while maintaining the same high standards that have made this volume a benchmark resource in the field. With new authors and new chapters that address the advances and developments since the fifth edition, the book presents everything toxicologists and students need to know to understand hazards and mechanisms of toxicity, enabling them to better assess risk. The book begins with the four basic principles of toxicology—dose matters, people differ, everything transforms, and timing is crucial. The contributors discuss various agents of toxicity, including foodborne, solvents, crop protection chemicals, radiation, and plant and animal toxins. They examine various methods for defining and measuring toxicity in a host of areas, including genetics, carcinogenicity, toxicity in major body systems, and the environment. This new edition contains an expanded glossary reflecting significant changes in the field. New topics in this edition include: The importance of dose–response Systems toxicology Food safety The humane use and care of animals Neurotoxicology The comprehensive coverage and clear writing style make this volume an invaluable text for students and a one-stop reference for professionals.
Book Synopsis Adverse Effects of Engineered Nanomaterials by : Bengt Fadeel
Download or read book Adverse Effects of Engineered Nanomaterials written by Bengt Fadeel and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-02-14 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adverse Effects of Engineered Nanomaterials: Exposure, Toxicology, and Impact on Human Health, Second Edition, provides a systematic evaluation of representative engineered nanomaterials (ENM) of high volume production and their high economic importance. Each class of nanomaterials discussed includes information on what scientists, industry, regulatory agencies, and the general public need to know about nanosafety. Written by leading international experts in nanotoxicology and nanomedicine, this book gives a comprehensive view of the health impact of ENM, focusing on their potential adverse effects in exposed workers, consumers, and patients. All chapters have been updated with new sections on the endocrine system and other organ systems. In addition, other newly added sections include introductory chapters on the physio-chemical characterization of nanomaterials and interactions between nanomaterials and biological systems, as well as a new chapter that explores risk assessment and management of nanomaterials. This book fills an important need in terms of bridging the gap between experimental findings and human exposure to ENM, also detailing the clinical and pathological consequences of such exposure in the human population. Uses a schematic, non-exhaustive approach to summarizes the most important research data in this field Discusses the health implications of experimental data in nanotoxicology Presents a completely revised edition that focuses on the human health impacts of engineered nanomaterials, including many organ-specific chapters
Book Synopsis Bioanalytical Tools in Water Quality Assessment by : Beate Escher
Download or read book Bioanalytical Tools in Water Quality Assessment written by Beate Escher and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2011-12-15 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part of Water Quality Set - Buy all four books and save over 30% on buying separately! Bioanalytical Tools in Water Quality Assessment reviews the application of bioanalytical tools to the assessment of water quality including surveillance monitoring. The types of water included range from wastewater to drinking water, including recycled water, as well as treatment processes and advanced water treatment. Bioanalytical Tools in Water Quality Assessment not only demonstrates applications but also fills in the background knowledge in toxicology/ecotoxicology needed to appreciate these applications. Each chapter summarises fundamental material in a targeted way so that information can be applied to better understand the use of bioanalytical tools in water quality assessment. Bioanalytical tools in Water Quality Assessment can be used by lecturers teaching academic and professional courses and also by risk assessors, regulators, experts, consultants, researchers and managers working in the water sector. It can also be a reference manual for environmental engineers, analytical chemists, and toxicologists. Authors: Beate Escher, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (EnTox), The University of Queensland, Australia, Frederic Leusch, Smart Water Research Facility (G51), Griffith University Gold Coast Campus, Australia. With contributions by Heather Chapman and Anita Poulsen
Book Synopsis OECD Series on Testing and Assessment Guidance Document on Good In Vitro Method Practices (GIVIMP) by : OECD
Download or read book OECD Series on Testing and Assessment Guidance Document on Good In Vitro Method Practices (GIVIMP) written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2018-12-10 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past several decades, there has been a substantial increase in the availability of in vitro test methods for evaluating chemical safety in an international regulatory context. To foster confidence in in vitro alternatives to animal testing, the test methods and conditions under which ...
Book Synopsis Validation Study Report Performance Assessment of the AR-CALUX® in Vitro Method by :
Download or read book Validation Study Report Performance Assessment of the AR-CALUX® in Vitro Method written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The AR-CALUX® in vitro method was submitted by the Dutch company BioDetectionSystems (BDS) to EURL ECVAM to be considered for a EURL ECVAM coordinated validation study. The method is applied to the detection of compounds with (anti)androgenic potential. The AR-CALUX® cells are osteosarcoma U2OS cells which are transfected with the cDNA of a human androgen receptor and a luciferase encoding reporter gene preceded by androgen receptor (AR) response elements (ARE), hence responding to chemicals with androgenic activity. The method allows the detection of chemicals with an agonist or/and an antagonist behaviour. The objectives of the study included assessing the reproducibility (within and between laboratories) and the relevance of the in vitro method, leading to the drafting of an OECD Test Guideline. EURL ECVAM is both sponsor and coordinator for this validation study. Three test facilities were selected from the European Union Network of Validation Laboratories for alternative methods (EU-NETVAL) to participate in this validation study: RISE, ENVIGO and CitoxLAB. The test method submitter BDS produced an additional data set for the assessment of the between lab reproducibility. Reproducibility was evaluated on a set of 20 coded test chemicals based on concordance of classifications. Classification was carried out by the 4 laboratories, applying faithfully the classifier which led to the conclusion of "Positive", "Negative" and "Inconclusive". The latter classification was given when the test chemical displayed activity for only one tested concentration above (agonist) or below (antagonist) threshold values as determined in the classifier. This occurred with an overall frequency of 0.9 % in the agonist assay, and, 7.4% in the antagonist assay. Analysis of the data generated by the 4 laboratories showed a within lab reproducibility (WLR) of 89%, 95%, 100% and 100% for the agonist assay, and, 75%, 80%, 85% and 90% for the antagonist assay. The overall between lab reproducibility (BLR) scored via concordance of classifications was 100% for the agonist assay and 87.5% for the antagonist assay. In order to arrive at a clear classification of "Positive" or "Negative" for a given test chemical, the classifier was reformulated and guidance included in the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for handling borderline situations of only the highest tested concentration displaying an activity passing the threshold values. An approximation of the results, when applying this new guidance in the SOP and the new classifier to the results of the validation study, is shown and discussed. This would lead to increased WLR (94.7% to 100%) and BLR (100%) for both agonist and antagonist testing. The variability within the measurements (% CV of log of EC50, PC10, IC50, PC80) was less than 2.5% and comparable to what is reported for the ER-CALUX® in vitro method validation and the AR STTA (cell line EcoScreenTM) validation. A comparison was made of the classifications in the AR-CALUX® validation study for 46 tested chemicals with reliable published or publicly available ARTA classifications. For 23 tested chemicals a 94.6% concordance was found with the ICCVAM AR-Reference list (2017). Performance values were calculated versus this AR-Reference list. For the additional 23 tested chemicals, an overall comparison was performed with classifications from two Tox21 assays and the AR-pathway computational model. This revealed that for all chemicals tested with the AR-CALUX® method there is an identical classification with at least one other ARTA. Having reviewed the data, the VMG concluded that the AR-CALUX® method is a reliable test method. It is nevertheless opportune to provide a warning in the SOP for potential interferences. The response to the vehicle control should be assessed to ensure no interference from glass or plastic ware before running studies. The VMG is of the opinion that the AR-CALUX® method merits proposal to OECD for the development of a test guideline.
Book Synopsis Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Pharmacological Assays by : Hans Vogel
Download or read book Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Pharmacological Assays written by Hans Vogel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-30 with total page 2118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new edition of this successful reference offers both cutting-edge and classic pharmacological methods. Thoroughly revised and expanded to two volumes, it offers an updated selection of the most frequently used assays for reliably detecting the pharmacological effects of potential drugs. Every chapter has been updated, and numerous assays have been added. Each of the more than 1,000 assays comprises a detailed protocol outlining purpose and rationale, and a critical assessment of the results and their pharmacological and clinical relevance.
Book Synopsis The Fish Oocyte by : Patrick J. Babin
Download or read book The Fish Oocyte written by Patrick J. Babin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-20 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the growing needs in deciphering the biological processes associated with fish reproduction, in view of the growth of aquaculture and the dwindling natural stocks of commercially important fish. It presents a comprehensive overview on egg production in fish, from the standpoint of the oocyte. With this view in mind, the book includes chapters on oocyte development (oogenesis), hormonal regulation and hormone receptors, formation of the egg envelopes, growth, accumulation of nutrients and maternal transcripts, maturation, hydration, ovulation and fertilization. A special emphasis is placed on using state-of-the-art tools including electron microscopy for discerning the ultra-structure of the follicle and genomic/proteomic tools to fully understand biological basis of fish reproduction. Studies on promoting oocyte maturation, ovulation and spawning in farmed fish and preservation of fish oocytes at low temperatures are also included. The book will appeal to University lecturers, students, research scientists and those associated with culture of fish in freshwater or marine aquaculture.
Book Synopsis OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4 Test No. 456: H295R Steroidogenesis Assay by : OECD
Download or read book OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4 Test No. 456: H295R Steroidogenesis Assay written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2011-07-28 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Test Guideline describes an in vitro screen for chemical effects on steroidogenesis, specifically the production of 17ß-estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T). The human H295R adreno-carcinoma cell line, used for the assay, expresses genes that ...
Book Synopsis Handbook of Drug-Nutrient Interactions by : Joseph I. Boullata
Download or read book Handbook of Drug-Nutrient Interactions written by Joseph I. Boullata and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-17 with total page 823 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Drug-Nutrient Interactions, Second Edition is an essential new work that provides a scientific look behind many drug-nutrient interactions, examines their relevance, offers recommendations, and suggests research questions to be explored. In the five years since publication of the first edition of the Handbook of Drug-Nutrient Interactions new perspectives have emerged and new data have been generated on the subject matter. Providing both the scientific basis and clinical relevance with appropriate recommendations for many interactions, the topic of drug-nutrient interactions is significant for clinicians and researchers alike. For clinicians in particular, the book offers a guide for understanding, identifying or predicting, and ultimately preventing or managing drug-nutrient interactions to optimize patient care. Divided into six sections all chapters have been revised or are new to this edition. Chapters balance the most technical information with practical discussions and include outlines that reflect the content; discussion questions that can guide the reader to the critical areas covered in each chapter, complete definitions of terms with the abbreviation fully defined and consistent use of terms between chapters. The editors have performed an outstanding service to clinical pharmacology and pharmaco-nutrition by bringing together a multi-disciplinary group of authors. Handbook of Drug-Nutrient Interactions, Second Edition is a comprehensive up-to-date text for the total management of patients on drug and/or nutrition therapy but also an insight into the recent developments in drug-nutrition interactions which will act as a reliable reference for clinicians and students for many years to come.
Book Synopsis Test No. 421: Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test by : OECD
Download or read book Test No. 421: Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 1995-07-27 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The test substance is administered in graduated doses to several groups of males and females. Males should be dosed for a minimum of four weeks. Females should be dosed throughout the study, so approximately 54 days. This Test Guideline is designed ...
