Terrorism In Europe

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The Invention of Terrorism in Europe, Russia, and the United States

Author : Carola Dietze
Publisher : Verso Books
ISBN 13 : 1786637219
Total Pages : 657 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (866 download)

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Book Synopsis The Invention of Terrorism in Europe, Russia, and the United States by : Carola Dietze

Download or read book The Invention of Terrorism in Europe, Russia, and the United States written by Carola Dietze and published by Verso Books. This book was released on 2021-07-20 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Terrorism's roots in Western Europe and the USA This book examines key cases of terrorist violence to show that the invention of terrorism was linked to the birth of modernity in Europe, Russia and the United States, rather than to Tsarist despotism in 19th century Russia or to Islam sects in Medieval Persia. Combining a highly readable historical narrative with analysis of larger issues in social and political history, the author argues that the dissemination of news about terrorist violence was at the core of a strategy that aimed for political impact on rulers as well as the general public. Dietze's lucid account also reveals how the spread of knowledge about terrorist acts was, from the outset, a transatlantic process. Two incidents form the book's centerpiece. The first is the failed attempt to assassinate French Emperor Napoléon III by Felice Orsini in 1858, in an act intended to achieve Italian unity and democracy. The second case study offers a new reading of John Brown's raid on the arsenal at Harpers Ferry in 1859, as a decisive moment in the abolitionist struggle and occurrences leading to the American Civil War. Three further examples from Germany, Russia, and the US are scrutinized to trace the development of the tactic by first imitators. With their acts of violence, the "invention" of terrorism was completed. Terrorism has existed as a tactic since then and has essentially only been adapted through the use of new technologies and methods.

Counter-Terrorism and Human Rights in the Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights

Author : Ana Salinas de Frias
Publisher : Council of Europe
ISBN 13 : 928717685X
Total Pages : 461 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (871 download)

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Book Synopsis Counter-Terrorism and Human Rights in the Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights by : Ana Salinas de Frias

Download or read book Counter-Terrorism and Human Rights in the Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights written by Ana Salinas de Frias and published by Council of Europe. This book was released on 2013-04-01 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Terrorism has become one of the major threats facing both states and the international community, in particular after the terrorist attacks in the United States, Madrid and London, which revealed a whole new scale and dimension of the phenomenon. An effective response is absolutely necessary; this response, however, cannot undermine democracy, human rights, the rule of law or the supreme values inherent to these principles.There is no universally agreed definition of "terrorism", nor is there an international Jurisdiction before which the perpetrators of terrorist crimes can be brought to account. The European Court of Human Rights is the first international Jurisdiction to deal with such a phenomenon. For many decades and through more than four hundred cases, it has elaborated a clear, integrated and articulated body of case law on responses to terrorism from a human rights and rule of law perspective. Thus, this is a handbook on counter-terrorism with a special focus on due respect for human rights and rule of law.This book compiles the doctrine laid down by the European Court of Human Rights in this field with a view to facilitating the task of adjudicators, legal officers, lawyers, international IGOs, NGOs, policy makers, researchers, victims and all those committed to fighting this scourge. The book presents a careful analysis of this body of case law and the general principles applicable to the fight against terrorism resulting from each particular case. It also includes a compendium of the main cases dealt with by the Strasbourg Court in this field and will prove to be a most useful guiding tool in the sensitive area of counter-terrorism and human rights.

The Impact, Legitimacy and Effectiveness of EU Counter-Terrorism

Author : Fiona de Londras
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317524659
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)

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Book Synopsis The Impact, Legitimacy and Effectiveness of EU Counter-Terrorism by : Fiona de Londras

Download or read book The Impact, Legitimacy and Effectiveness of EU Counter-Terrorism written by Fiona de Londras and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-04-10 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Counter-terrorism law and policy has been prominent and widespread in the years following 9/11, touching on many areas of everyday life from policing and border control to financial transactions and internet governance. The European Union is a major actor in contemporary counter-terrorism, including through its development of counter-terrorism laws for application within the Union. This book undertakes a multi-disciplinary and empirically informed analysis of the impact, legitimacy and effectiveness of EU counter-terrorism. Taking into account legal, societal, operational and democratic perspectives, this collection connects theoretical and practical perspectives to produce an interdisciplinary and multi-stakeholder study of how we might measure and understand the impact, legitimacy and effectiveness of EU counter-terrorism. Bringing together a select group of experts in the field, particular emphasis is placed on understanding the practical experience of implementing and assessing these measures gathered from and with end users, including law-makers, policy-makers, security services, industry partners and civil society. This edited collection will be of great relevance to scholars and policy makers with an interest in counter-terrorism law, EU law and security studies.

West European Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism

Author : P. Chalk
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230374190
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis West European Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism by : P. Chalk

Download or read book West European Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism written by P. Chalk and published by Springer. This book was released on 1996-09-18 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book examines the dynamic of West European terrorism and counter-terrorism as it has evolved since the late 1960s. It assesses past, present and future terrorist trends and analyzes the internal security policies that have been initiated by the member states of the European Union (EU), both singularly and collectively, to combat terrorism in Western Europe. Throughout the book the theme of liberal democratic legitimacy and accountability is stressed, something that is brought particularly to bear on the latest EU internal security provision - the Maastricht Third Pillar.

The European Union's fight against terrorism

Author : Christopher Baker-Beall
Publisher : Manchester University Press
ISBN 13 : 1526100827
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (261 download)

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Book Synopsis The European Union's fight against terrorism by : Christopher Baker-Beall

Download or read book The European Union's fight against terrorism written by Christopher Baker-Beall and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2016-07-10 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the language of the European Union's response to the threat of terrorism. Since its re-emergence in the wake of the September 11 attacks, the 'fight against terrorism' has come to represent a priority area of action for the EU. Drawing on interpretive approaches to international relations, the book outlines a discourse theory of identity and counter-terrorism policy, showing how the 'fight against terrorism' structures the EU's response through the prism of identity, drawing our attention to the various 'others' that have come to form the target of counter-terrorism policy. Through an extensive analysis of the wider societal impact of the 'fight against terrorism' discourse, the various ways in which this policy is contributing to the 'securitisation' of social and political life within Europe are revealed.

Understanding Islamist Terrorism in Europe

Author : Lewis Herrington
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000414485
Total Pages : 187 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Islamist Terrorism in Europe by : Lewis Herrington

Download or read book Understanding Islamist Terrorism in Europe written by Lewis Herrington and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-07-22 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book argues that guilt, shame, and remorse, associated with a history of substance abuse, explain why a minority of Islamist extremists carried out suicide terrorism in Europe between 2001 and 2018. Since 9/11, Islamist terrorism has dominated the European security landscape, but there has been little systematic analysis of either the attacks or the men responsible. This book addresses that gap, drawing on terrorist discourse, court transcripts, elite interviews, government reports, and three years of ethnography to provide an exhaustive account of how and why Islamist terrorism has occurred in Europe. Making a detailed analysis of 48 terrorist attacks carried out by 80 suicide terrorists, the book introduces two new theories. The first argues that most of these men first engaged in Islamist extremism as an alternative to substance abuse. The second contends that, following a five-stage process of radicalisation, cognitive dissonance triggered guilt, shame, and remorse over previous misconduct. From this emotional distress, suicide terrorism emerged as a rational choice ahead of either suicide or a return to active addiction. This book argues that the root cause of suicide terrorism in Europe is not so much politics or religion but is more about personal crisis and a search for redemption. This book will be of great interest to students of terrorism/counterterrorism, de-radicalisation, political Islam, and security studies in general.

Terrorism in Western Europe

Author : Jan Oskar Engene
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781781008584
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Terrorism in Western Europe by : Jan Oskar Engene

Download or read book Terrorism in Western Europe written by Jan Oskar Engene and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important book examines why terrorism prevails in the otherwise stable and advanced democracies of Western Europe and why some countries have been more severely hit than others. The author maps the trends in internal terrorism in 18 Western European countries since 1950 and explains those trends, both from a theoretical and empirical perspective. He uses a unique data set called TWEED, which covers around 9000 terrorist attacks and records the activities of about 200 terrorist groups over the post-war period. Offering a historical and comparative approach to terrorism, unlike the more usual focus on contemporary threats and developments, this book will appeal to political and social scientists and students, especially those working in comparative politics or on the causes of conflict. Academics interested in European studies and more specifically the conditions and developments of European democracy, and policymakers concerned with the development of the terrorist threat in Europe will also find the book of great interest.

The Evolution of EU Counter-terrorism

Author : Raphael Bossong
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0415688574
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (156 download)

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Book Synopsis The Evolution of EU Counter-terrorism by : Raphael Bossong

Download or read book The Evolution of EU Counter-terrorism written by Raphael Bossong and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book traces the evolution of the EU’s fight against terrorism from the late 1970s until the end of the first decade after 9/11. This historical analysis covers both EU-internal and international counterterrorism policies and features an in-depth account of the EU’s reaction to the terrorist incidents in New York, Madrid and London. In the first few weeks after these incidents, the EU mobilised a complex but also incoherent set of policy measures, which significantly influenced the course of European security over the years. From a theoretical perspective, this volume argues that context-specific factors dominated over functionalist considerations in the EU’s fight against terrorism. Building on frameworks from public policy analysis, the author demonstrates that EU institutions played a critical role as policy entrepreneurs, while the many security measures were chosen on the basis of timing rather than significance. Such short-term political dynamics also explain the implementation deficits and persistent imbalances in the EU’s counterterrorism policy; limitations which still hinder its fight against international terrorism. This book will be of much interest to students of EU policy, counter-terrorism, European security, public administration, foreign policy, and IR in general.

European Counter-Terrorist Units 1972–2017

Author : Leigh Neville
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1472825292
Total Pages : 65 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (728 download)

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Book Synopsis European Counter-Terrorist Units 1972–2017 by : Leigh Neville

Download or read book European Counter-Terrorist Units 1972–2017 written by Leigh Neville and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-10-19 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Munich Olympics massacre in 1972 was a shock awakening to the public. In the decades since, European countries have faced a wide range of threats from Palestinian and home-grown terrorists, to the more recent world-wide jihadists. The threats they pose are widespread from aircraft hi-jacking and political assassinations to urban warfare against security forces, and murderous attacks on civilian crowd targets, forcing governments have had to invest ever-greater efforts in countering these threats. This book traces the evolution of police (and associated military) counter-terrorist forces across Europe over the past 45 years. Using specially commissioned artwork and contemporary photographs, it details their organization, missions, specialist equipment, and their growing cross-border co-operation.

Cultures of Counterterrorism

Author : Silvia D'Amato
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429878400
Total Pages : 269 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (298 download)

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Book Synopsis Cultures of Counterterrorism by : Silvia D'Amato

Download or read book Cultures of Counterterrorism written by Silvia D'Amato and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-02-21 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates counterterrorism responses from a strategic-culturalist perspective, focusing on France and Italy in the post-9/11 era. Terrorism occupies a predominant space within contemporary political debate across all European countries. Recent attacks in Europe have raised many questions about the status of counterterrorism structures within European countries, revealing a wide range of practical as well as discursive security implications. This work provides an original contribution to the understanding of counterterrorism by asking how values, norms, and a shared sense of identity matter in policy dynamics. It explores and assesses which cultural elements are relevant for the fight against terrorism and investigates the impact which these elements can have on practical approaches to terrorism. Despite the current attention to terrorist attacks in Europe, the cases of France and Italy in counterterrorism affairs are particularly overlooked by the existing literature; this book analyses, questions, and examines the strategy of these two countries through the instruments offered by the culturalist approaches to strategy. This book will be of much interest to students of terrorism studies, discourse analysis, European politics, security studies, and international relations in general.

Terrorism in Europe (RLE: Terrorism & Insurgency)

Author : Yonah Alexander
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317449320
Total Pages : 235 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

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Book Synopsis Terrorism in Europe (RLE: Terrorism & Insurgency) by : Yonah Alexander

Download or read book Terrorism in Europe (RLE: Terrorism & Insurgency) written by Yonah Alexander and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-04-17 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study places terrorist acts in Europe in their historical perspective by examining terrorist and anarchist movements in late nineteenth century Europe. The political and legal aspects of modern terrorism are discussed in detail and the themes and variation in political terrorism are examined fully. In addition, selected case studies of contemporary terrorist movements are considered in the context of the political tradition of the particular country. A comprehensive picture of European terrorism, in its historical and more contemporary ideological and political aspects emerges from this work.

Joining al-Qaeda

Author : Peter R. Neumann
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135872678
Total Pages : 82 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (358 download)

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Book Synopsis Joining al-Qaeda by : Peter R. Neumann

Download or read book Joining al-Qaeda written by Peter R. Neumann and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Britain alone, several thousand young Muslims are thought to be part of violent extremist networks. How did they become involved? What are the mechanisms and dynamics through which European Muslims join al-Qaeda and groups inspired by al-Qaeda? This paper explains the processes whereby European Muslims are recruited into the Islamist militant movement. It reveals that although overt recruitment has been driven underground, prisons and other ‘places of vulnerability’ are increasingly important alternatives. It explores the recruitment roles of radical imams, gateway organisations and activists, and highlights the kinds of message that facilitate the recruitment process. It also shows how the Internet has come to play an increasingly significant role. Neumann argues that there is little evidence of systematic, top-down jihadist recruitment in Europe. Rather, the activist leaders of cells increasingly drive the process. The paper explores possible options for European governments wishing to disrupt violent extremist networks, recognising that it will also be necessary to address some of the underlying risk factors that fuel jihadist recruitment. Ultimately, the major challenge for European states lies in constructing more inclusive societies in which the narratives of exclusion and grievance will not resonate to the benefit of recruiters to the extremist cause.

NATO's Secret Armies

Author : Daniele Ganser
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135767858
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (357 download)

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Book Synopsis NATO's Secret Armies by : Daniele Ganser

Download or read book NATO's Secret Armies written by Daniele Ganser and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-06-21 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fascinating new study shows how the CIA and the British secret service, in collaboration with the military alliance NATO and European military secret services, set up a network of clandestine anti-communist armies in Western Europe after World War II. These secret soldiers were trained on remote islands in the Mediterranean and in unorthodox warfare centres in England and in the United States by the Green Berets and SAS Special Forces. The network was armed with explosives, machine guns and high-tech communication equipment hidden in underground bunkers and secret arms caches in forests and mountain meadows. In some countries the secret army linked up with right-wing terrorist who in a secret war engaged in political manipulation, harrassement of left wing parties, massacres, coup d'états and torture. Codenamed 'Gladio' ('the sword'), the Italian secret army was exposed in 1990 by Italian Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti to the Italian Senate, whereupon the press spoke of "The best kept, and most damaging, political-military secret since World War II" (Observer, 18. November 1990) and observed that "The story seems straight from the pages of a political thriller." (The Times, November 19, 1990). Ever since, so-called 'stay-behind' armies of NATO have also been discovered in France, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxemburg, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Switzerland, Austria, Greece and Turkey. They were internationally coordinated by the Pentagon and NATO and had their last known meeting in the NATO-linked Allied Clandestine Committee (ACC) in Brussels in October 1990.

Imagining Far-right Terrorism

Author : Josefin Graef
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000534995
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis Imagining Far-right Terrorism by : Josefin Graef

Download or read book Imagining Far-right Terrorism written by Josefin Graef and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-02-03 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Imagining Far-right Terrorism explores far-right terrorism as an object of the narrative imagination in contemporary Western Europe. Western European societies are generally reluctant to think of far-right and racist violence as terrorism, but the reasons for this remain little understood. This book focuses on the extraordinarily complex case of the National Socialist Underground (NSU) in Germany, and high-profile instances of racist violence in Sweden and Norway. The author analyses the narratives surrounding far-right and racist violence, drawing on a broad range of empirical sources. Her account attributes the limits of imagining violence as far-right terrorism to elite practices of narrative control that maintain positive images of the liberal-democratic order in counterpoint to its two constitutive "others" – the far-right and racialised minorities. Situated broadly within the scholarly tradition of critical terrorism studies, the book breaks new ground in research on far-right terrorism by following its narrative traces across time, public spaces of contestation, and national borders. It also draws on material and findings originally written in German, Swedish, and Norwegian, which were previously not available in English. This much-needed volume will be of particular interest to students and researchers of terrorism and political violence, right-wing extremism, European politics, and communication studies.

A War on Terror?

Author : Marianne Wade
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387892915
Total Pages : 554 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (878 download)

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Book Synopsis A War on Terror? by : Marianne Wade

Download or read book A War on Terror? written by Marianne Wade and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-05 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marianne Wade and Almir Maljevi? Although the worries about terrorism paled in comparison to the economic crisis as a topic during the last US election, one can find plenty of grounds to assume that they remain issue number one in the minds of politicians in Europe. As the German houses of Parliament prepare to call in the mediation committee in the discussion of legislation which would provide the Federal Police – thus far mandated purely with the post-facto investigation of crime – with powers to act to prevent acts of terrorism, Spain’s struggle with ETA and the British Government licks its wounds after a resounding defeat of its latest anti-terrorist proposals by the House of Lords, one cannot but wonder whether post 9/11, the Europeans are not even more concerned with terrorism than their US counterparts. A look at media reports, legislative and judicial activities in either Britain or Germany clearly underlines that those two countries are deeply embroiled in anti-terrorist activity. Can it be that Europe is embroiled in the “War on Terror”; constantly providing for new arms in this conflict? Or is it a refusal to participate in the “War on Terror” that fuels a constant need for Parliaments to grapple with the subject; begrudgingly conceding one increasingly draconian measure after the other? The question as to where Europe stands in the “War on Terror” is a fascinating one, but one, which is difficult to answer.

Understanding Violent Radicalisation

Author : Magnus Ranstorp
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135260427
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (352 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Violent Radicalisation by : Magnus Ranstorp

Download or read book Understanding Violent Radicalisation written by Magnus Ranstorp and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-01-21 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to address in depth the interplay between radicalisation and political violence in Europe, as well as the effectiveness of counter-measures. As evidenced from the multitude of intercepted plots across several European cities since 2001, the threat level and the intensity of the desire to perpetrate mass-casualty attacks within Europe is not diminishing. While violent radicalization has gradually moved to the top of the EU counterterrorism agenda, it has been accompanied by a relatively embryonic understanding about the processes and interplay of factors that contribute to radicalization, which are played out differently in cities like Paris, Rome, London and Copenhagen. Undoubtedly, there are common factors at the global and regional levels that facilitate radicalization, but it is also clear that radicalization is very context dependent. This book provides crucial insights into different ways to understand violent radicalization within national contexts and the challenges addressing the many pathways into terrorism inspired by al-Qaeda and other forms of Islamic extremism. This book will be of great interest to students of terrorism studies and political violence, counter-terrorism, EU politics, security studies and IR in general. Magnus Ranstorp is Research Director of the Center for Asymmetric Threat Studies at the Swedish National Defence College and a Member of EU Expert Groups on (Violent) Radicalisation. He has twenty years of experience in research on counterterrorism issues and testified at the 9/11 Commission Hearing.

The Threat Of Terrorism

Author : Juliet Lodge
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000306364
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis The Threat Of Terrorism by : Juliet Lodge

Download or read book The Threat Of Terrorism written by Juliet Lodge and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-07-11 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is concerned with terrorism in West European liberal democratic states and with the way in which they react, as a group in the European Community, to international terrorism. It interprets terrorism as a means of attempting to effect political change by the indiscriminate use of violence.