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Terpene Synthases
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Download or read book Terpene Synthases written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-06-28 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Terpene Synthases, Volume 700 in the Methods in Enzymology series, continues the legacy of this highly respected laboratory standard with its first dedicated collection on this important family of enzymes. Terpene synthases are a diverse set of enzymes that use exquisite mechanisms to form complex (poly)cyclic hydrocarbon skeletons. Chapters in this new volume include Structural analysis by X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM, Understanding mechanisms using stable isotopes, substrate analogs, or computational tools, Engineering fusion enzymes, Ancestral terpene cyclases, as well as the Sequence, structure, and function of non-canonical terpene synthases. Presents the only collection of current methodology for the investigation of terpene synthases, with topics including from bioinformatics, enzymology, computational chemistry, and engineering Includes chapters authored by international experts in the field“/li> Provides the latest contributions in the leading serial Methods in Enzymology
Download or read book Biosynthesis written by Finian J. Leeper and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-07-01 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the second of two volumes that deal with discovery of chemical pathways of biosynthesis of natural products (secondary metabolites). The first volume covered the use of isotopes in biosynthetic research and the formation of enzyme cofactors and reduced polyketides. This second volume describes biosynthesis of aromatic (unreduced) polyketides, enzymes responsible for cyclization of terpenoids (isoprenoids), and biochemical generation of selected classes of alkaloids (prenylated tryptophan, tropane, pyrrolizidine). Knowledge of the pathways and the techniques to elucidate them opens the door to combinatorial biosynthesis as well as to the production of targeted pharmaceutical agents utilizing a combination of chemistry, molecular biology and protein biochemistry.
Book Synopsis Directed Evolution of Terpene Synthases for Non-natural Substrates by : Karolina Zbigniew Kalbarczyk
Download or read book Directed Evolution of Terpene Synthases for Non-natural Substrates written by Karolina Zbigniew Kalbarczyk and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Terpenes represent about half of known natural products, with terpene synthases catalyzing reactions to increase the complexity of substrates and generate cyclizations of the linear diphosphate substrates, therefore forming rings and stereocenters. With their diverse functionality, terpene synthases may be highly evolvable, with the ability to accept a wide range of non-natural compounds and with high product selectivity. Our hypothesis is that directed evolution of terpene synthases can be used to increase selectivity of the synthase on a specific substrate. In the first part of the work presented herein, three natural terpene synthases, Cop2, BcBOT2, and SSCG_02150, were tested for activity against the natural substrate and a non-natural substrate, called Surrogate 1, and the relative activities on both the natural and non-natural substrates were compared. In the second part of this work, a terpene synthase variant of BcBOT2 that has been evolved for thermostability, was used for directed evolution for increased activity and selectivity on the non-natural substrate referred to as Surrogate 2. Mutations for this evolution were introduced using random mutagenesis, with error prone polymerase chain reactions, and using site-specific saturation mutagenesis, in which an NNK library is designed with a specific active site amino acid targeted for mutation. The mutant enzymes were then screened and selected for enhancement of the desired functionality. Two neutral mutants, 19B7 W367F and 19B7 W118Q, were found to maintain activity on Surrogate 2, as measured by the screen.
Book Synopsis Directed Evolution of Terpene Synthases for Non-natural Substrates by : Karolina Zbigniew Kalbarczyk
Download or read book Directed Evolution of Terpene Synthases for Non-natural Substrates written by Karolina Zbigniew Kalbarczyk and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Terpenes represent about half of known natural products, with terpene synthases catalyzing reactions to increase the complexity of substrates and generate cyclizations of the linear diphosphate substrates, therefore forming rings and stereocenters. With their diverse functionality, terpene synthases may be highly evolvable, with the ability to accept a wide range of non-natural compounds and with high product selectivity. Our hypothesis is that directed evolution of terpene synthases can be used to increase selectivity of the synthase on a specific substrate. In the first part of the work presented herein, three natural terpene synthases, Cop2, BcBOT2, and SSCG_02150, were tested for activity against the natural substrate and a non-natural substrate, called Surrogate 1, and the relative activities on both the natural and non-natural substrates were compared. In the second part of this work, a terpene synthase variant of BcBOT2 that has been evolved for thermostability, was used for directed evolution for increased activity and selectivity on the non-natural substrate referred to as Surrogate 2. Mutations for this evolution were introduced using random mutagenesis, with error prone polymerase chain reactions, and using site-specific saturation mutagenesis, in which an NNK library is designed with a specific active site amino acid targeted for mutation. The mutant enzymes were then screened and selected for enhancement of the desired functionality. Two neutral mutants, 19B7 W367F and 19B7 W118Q, were found to maintain activity on Surrogate 2, as measured by the screen.
Author :John C. Manning Publisher :South African National Biodiversity Institute Sanbi ISBN 13 :9781919976587 Total Pages :114 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (765 download)
Book Synopsis Botany and Horticulture of the Genus Freesia (Iridaceae) by : John C. Manning
Download or read book Botany and Horticulture of the Genus Freesia (Iridaceae) written by John C. Manning and published by South African National Biodiversity Institute Sanbi. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Beyond Fragrance: The Powerful Applications of Terpene Synthases by : Jacob
Download or read book Beyond Fragrance: The Powerful Applications of Terpene Synthases written by Jacob and published by . This book was released on 2024-06-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biotechnology of Isoprenoids by : Jens Schrader
Download or read book Biotechnology of Isoprenoids written by Jens Schrader and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-19 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book review series presents current trends in modern biotechnology. The aim is to cover all aspects of this interdisciplinary technology where knowledge, methods and expertise are required from chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, genetics, chemical engineering and computer science. Volumes are organized topically and provide a comprehensive discussion of developments in the respective field over the past 3-5 years. The series also discusses new discoveries and applications. Special volumes are dedicated to selected topics which focus on new biotechnological products and new processes for their synthesis and purification. In general, special volumes are edited by well-known guest editors. The series editor and publisher will however always be pleased to receive suggestions and supplementary information. Manuscripts are accepted in English.
Book Synopsis Cyanobacteria Biotechnology by : Paul Hudson
Download or read book Cyanobacteria Biotechnology written by Paul Hudson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-04-20 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unites a biological and a biotechnological perspective on cyanobacteria, and includes the industrial aspects and applications of cyanobacteria Cyanobacteria Biotechnology offers a guide to the interesting and useful features of cyanobacteria metabolism that keeps true to a biotechnology vision. In one volume the book brings together both biology and biotechnology to illuminate the core acpects and principles of cyanobacteria metabolism. Designed to offer a practical approach to the metabolic engineering of cyanobacteria, the book contains relevant examples of how this metabolic "module" is currently being engineered and how it could be engineered in the future. The author includes information on the requirements and real-world experiences of the industrial applications of cyanobacteria. This important book: Brings together biology and biotechnology in order to gain insight into the industrial relevant topic of cyanobacteria Introduces the key aspects of the metabolism of cyanobacteria Presents a grounded, practical approach to the metabolic engineering of cyanobacteria Offers an analysis of the requirements and experiences for industrial cyanobacteria Provides a framework for readers to design their own processes Written for biotechnologists, microbiologists, biologists, biochemists, Cyanobacteria Biotechnology provides a systematic and clear volume that brings together the biological and biotechnological perspective on cyanobacteria.
Book Synopsis Expression and Characterization of Terpene Synthases from Canabis Sativa L. and Salvia Sclarea L. by : Nils Günnewich
Download or read book Expression and Characterization of Terpene Synthases from Canabis Sativa L. and Salvia Sclarea L. written by Nils Günnewich and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of C. sativa L. monoterpene synthases: Two recombinant, stereospecific and dimeric monoterpene synthases, a (-)-limonene synthase (CsTPS1) and a (+)-a-pinene synthase (CsTPS2), encoded by Cannabis sativa L. cv. Skunk trichome mRNA, have been isolated and characterized. Recombinant CsTPS1 shows a Km value at 6.25 [mu]M and a Kcat at 0.09 s-1, the pH optimum was determined at pH 6.5, and a temperature optimum at 40°C. Recombinant CsTPS2 shows a Km values at 4.96 [mu]M and a Kcat at 0.14 s-1, the pH optimum was determined at pH 7.0, and a temperature optimum at 30°C. The Stokes radius was determined at 4.47 nm. Phylogenetic analysis showed that both CsTPSs group within the angiosperm family and belong to the Tpsb subgroup of monoterpene synthases. The enzymatic products (-)-limonene and (+)-a-pinene were detected as natural products in C. sativa trichomes. Summary of S. sclarea L. diterpene synthase: One recombinant oligomeric (most likely a pentamer) diterpene synthase, a sclareol synthase (SscTPS1), encoded by Salvia sclarea L. cv Trakystra trichome mRNA, has been isolated and partially characterized for the first time. It could be shown that SscTPS1 has a promiscous behavior in its ability to use different substrates. Beside GGPP as the substrate for diterpene synthases, SscTPS1 is capable to produce various mono- and sesquiterpenoids, out of GPP, NPP and FPP. The stokes radius was determined at 6.32 nm. Phylogenetic analysis showed that SscTPS1 group within the angiosperm family and belongs to the Tpsc subgroup and is a Class II diterpene synthase. The enzymatic products are known as natural products of S. sclarea L.
Book Synopsis Chemical Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading by : Mark Crocker
Download or read book Chemical Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading written by Mark Crocker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-03-09 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive reference to the use of innovative catalysts and processes to turn biomass into value-added chemicals Chemical Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading offers detailed descriptions of catalysts and catalytic processes employed in the synthesis of chemicals and fuels from the most abundant and important biomass types. The contributors?noted experts on the topic?focus on the application of catalysts to the pyrolysis of whole biomass and to the upgrading of bio-oils. The authors discuss catalytic approaches to the processing of biomass-derived oxygenates, as exemplified by sugars, via reactions such as reforming, hydrogenation, oxidation, and condensation reactions. Additionally, the book provides an overview of catalysts for lignin valorization via oxidative and reductive methods and considers the conversion of fats and oils to fuels and terminal olefins by means of esterification/transesterification, hydrodeoxygenation, and decarboxylation/decarbonylation processes. The authors also provide an overview of conversion processes based on terpenes and chitin, two emerging feedstocks with a rich chemistry, and summarize some of the emerging trends in the field. This important book: -Provides a comprehensive review of innovative catalysts, catalytic processes, and catalyst design -Offers a guide to one of the most promising ways to find useful alternatives for fossil fuel resources -Includes information on the most abundant and important types of biomass feedstocks -Examines fields such as catalytic cracking, pyrolysis, depolymerization, and many more Written for catalytic chemists, process engineers, environmental chemists, bioengineers, organic chemists, and polymer chemists, Chemical Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading presents deep insights on the most important aspects of biomass upgrading and their various types.
Book Synopsis Computational Identification of Terpene Synthase Genes and Their Evolutionary Analysis by : Qidong Jia
Download or read book Computational Identification of Terpene Synthase Genes and Their Evolutionary Analysis written by Qidong Jia and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Terpenoids, the largest and most structurally and functionally diverse class of natural compounds on earth, are mostly synthesized by plants to be involved in various plant-environment interactions. Some terpenoids are classied as primary metabolites essential for plant growth and development. Terpene synthases (TPSs), the key enzymes for terpenoid biosynthesis, are the major determinant of the tremendous diversity of terpenoid carbon skeletons. The TPS genes represent a mid-size family of about 30-100 functional genes in almost all major sequenced plant genomes. TPSs are also found in fungi and bacteria, but microbial TPS genes share low levels of sequence similarity and dierent patterns of gene structure with their plant counterparts. Although one common ancestor theory has been suggested and supported by studies from model species, the evolution of plant terpene synthase genes and the evolutionary relationships among terpene synthase genes in plants, bacteria and fungi are still unclear. The recent discovery of microbial-type TPS genes in Selaginella muellendori makes it even more confusing. The goal of this dissertation project is to study the mechanisms that govern the dynamic evolution of terpene synthase genes using comparative genomics methods. Here, we carried out a large-scale screen to identify terpene synthases in plants (transcriptomes for over 1000 plant species sequenced by the OneKP project and selected genomes from non- seed plants), fungi and bacteria species (sequenced genomes in JGI). Several important discoveries were made by analyzing the data: (1) the microbial-type TPS genes are widely and specically distributed in non-seed land plants; (2) HGT from bacterial to fungi in TPS gene family is identied; (3) a new subfamily x is identied and new insights into the subfamily classication of TPSs are reported by including TPSs identied from large-scale non-seed plant species; (4) the distribution and genomic organization of four types of TPSs in fungi are characterized. These important ndings will help us better understand the evolution of plant secondary metabolism, especially for basal land plants.
Book Synopsis Rapid Discovery and Functional Characterization of Terpene Synthases from Four Endophytic Xylariaceae by :
Download or read book Rapid Discovery and Functional Characterization of Terpene Synthases from Four Endophytic Xylariaceae written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Endophytic fungi are ubiquitous plant endosymbionts that establish complex and poorly understood relationships with their host organisms. Many endophytic fungi are known to produce a wide spectrum of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with potential energy applications, which have been described as "mycodiesel". Many of these mycodiesel hydrocarbons are terpenes, a chemically diverse class of compounds produced by many plants, fungi, and bacteria. Due to their high energy densities, terpenes, such as pinene and bisabolene, are actively being investigated as potential "drop-in" biofuels for replacing diesel and aviation fuel. In this study, we rapidly discovered and characterized 26 terpene synthases (TPSs) derived from four endophytic fungi known to produce mycodiesel hydrocarbons. The TPS genes were expressed in an E. coli strain harboring a heterologous mevalonate pathway designed to enhance terpene production, and their product profiles were determined using Solid Phase Micro-Extraction (SPME) and GC-MS. Furthermore, out of the 26 TPS's profiled, 12 TPS's were functional, with the majority of them exhibiting both monoterpene and sesquiterpene synthase activity.
Book Synopsis Structure-function Relationships in Plant Terpene Synthases by : Sol Alexander Green
Download or read book Structure-function Relationships in Plant Terpene Synthases written by Sol Alexander Green and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Terpene Synthases: One Fold, Many Products by : Mengbin Chen
Download or read book Terpene Synthases: One Fold, Many Products written by Mengbin Chen and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Terpene synthases/cyclases yield core structures of some of the most valuable bioactive molecules, such as artemisinin and paclitaxel. A detailed understanding of structure–function relationship of terpene synthases/cyclases delineates the evolutionary relationship between different enzymes and molecular basis of their strategies to direct and manipulate carbocation intermdiates throughout the catalysis trajectory.
Book Synopsis Structure Function Relationships in Terpene Synthases by : Sol Green
Download or read book Structure Function Relationships in Terpene Synthases written by Sol Green and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Expression and Characterization of Terpene Synthases from Cannabis Sativa L. and Salvia Sclarea L. by : Nils Günnewich
Download or read book Expression and Characterization of Terpene Synthases from Cannabis Sativa L. and Salvia Sclarea L. written by Nils Günnewich and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Regulatory Function of Isoprenyl Diphosphate Synthases in Terpene Biosynthesis by : Raimund Nagel
Download or read book The Regulatory Function of Isoprenyl Diphosphate Synthases in Terpene Biosynthesis written by Raimund Nagel and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
