Teleology

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Aristotle on Teleology

Author : Monte Ransome Johnson
Publisher : Clarendon Press
ISBN 13 : 0191536504
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis Aristotle on Teleology by : Monte Ransome Johnson

Download or read book Aristotle on Teleology written by Monte Ransome Johnson and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 2005-11-03 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monte Johnson examines one of the most controversial aspects of Aristiotle's natural philosophy: his teleology. Is teleology about causation or explanation? Does it exclude or obviate mechanism, determinism, or materialism? Is it focused on the good of individual organisms, or is god or man the ultimate end of all processes and entities? Is teleology restricted to living things, or does it apply to the cosmos as a whole? Does it identify objectively existent causes in the world, or is it merely a heuristic for our understanding of other causal processes? Johnson argues that Aristotle's aporetic approach drives a middle course between these traditional oppositions, and avoids the dilemma, frequently urged against teleology, between backwards causation and anthropomorphism. Although these issues have been debated with extraordinary depth by Aristotle scholars, and touched upon by many in the wider philosophical and scientific community as well, there has been no comprehensive historical treatment of the issue. Aristotle is commonly considered the inventor of teleology, although the precise term originated in the eighteenth century. But if teleology means the use of ends and goals in natural science, then Aristotle was rather a critical innovator of teleological explanation. Teleological notions were widespread among his predecessors, but Aristotle rejected their conception of extrinsic causes such as mind or god as the primary causes for natural things. Aristotle's radical alternative was to assert nature itself as an internal principle of change and an end, and his teleological explanations focus on the intrinsic ends of natural substances - those ends that benefit the natural thing itself. Aristotle's use of ends was subsequently conflated with incompatible 'teleological' notions, including proofs for the existence of a providential or designer god, vitalism and animism, opposition to mechanism and non-teleological causation, and anthropocentrism. Johnson addresses these misconceptions through an elaboration of Aristotle's methodological statements, as well as an examination of the explanations actually offered in the scientific works.

Teleology

Author : Andrew Woodfield
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521143752
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (437 download)

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Book Synopsis Teleology by : Andrew Woodfield

Download or read book Teleology written by Andrew Woodfield and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-05-20 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Andrew Woodfield's detailed survey examines the descriptions and explanations of purpose, goal, end and function.

Teleological Realism

Author : Scott Robert Sehon
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Teleological Realism by : Scott Robert Sehon

Download or read book Teleological Realism written by Scott Robert Sehon and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A non-reductionist account of mind and agency claiming that common-sense psychological explanations are teleological and not causal. Using the language of common-sense psychology (CSP), we explain human behavior by citing its reason or purpose, and this is central to our understanding of human beings as agents. On the other hand, since human beings are physical objects, human behavior should also be explicable in the language of physical science, in which causal accounts cast human beings as collections of physical particles. CSP talk of mind and agency, however, does not seem to mesh well with the language of physical science. In Teleological Realism, Scott Sehon argues that CSP explanations are not causal but teleological--that they cite the purpose or goal of the behavior in question rather than an antecedent state that caused the behavior. CSP explanations of behavior, Sehon claims, are answering a question different from that answered by physical science explanations, and, accordingly, CSP explanations and physical science explanations are independent of one another. Common-sense facts about mind and agency can thus be independent of the physical facts about human beings, and, contrary to the views of most philosophers of mind in recent decades, common-sense psychology will not be subsumed by physical science. Sehon defends his non-reductionist account of mind and agency in clear and nontechnical language. He carefully distinguishes his view from forms of "strong naturalism" that would seem to preclude it. And he evaluates key objections to teleological realism, including those posed by Donald Davidson's influential article "Actions, Reasons and Causes" and some put forth by more recent proponents of causal theories of action. CSP, Sehon argues, has a different realm than does physical science; the normative notions that are central to CSP are not reducible to physical facts and laws.

Teleology, First Principles, and Scientific Method in Aristotle's Biology

Author : Allan Gotthelf
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199287953
Total Pages : 459 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis Teleology, First Principles, and Scientific Method in Aristotle's Biology by : Allan Gotthelf

Download or read book Teleology, First Principles, and Scientific Method in Aristotle's Biology written by Allan Gotthelf and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-02-23 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume draws together Allan Gotthelf's pioneering work on Aristotle's biology. He examines Aristotle's natural teleology, the axiomatic structure of biological explanation, and the reliance on scientifically organized data in the three great works with which Aristotle laid the foundations of biological science.

Politics and Teleology in Kant

Author : Tatiana Patrone
Publisher : University of Wales Press
ISBN 13 : 1783160675
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (831 download)

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Book Synopsis Politics and Teleology in Kant by : Tatiana Patrone

Download or read book Politics and Teleology in Kant written by Tatiana Patrone and published by University of Wales Press. This book was released on 2014-04-15 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume critically examines and elucidates the complex relationship between politics and teleology in Kant's philosophical system. Examining this relationship is of key philosophical importance since Kant develops his political philosophy in the context of a teleological conception of the purposiveness of both nature and human history. Kant's approach poses the dual task of reconciling his normative political theory with both his priori moral philosophy and his teleological philosophy of nature and human history. The fourteen essays in this volume, by leading scholars in the field, explore the relationship between teleology and politics from multiple perspectives. Together, the essays explore Kant's normative political theory and legal philosophy, his cosmopolitanism and views on international relations, his theory of history, his theory of natural teleology, and the broader relationship between morality, history, nature and politics in Kant's works. This important new volume will be of interest to a wide audience, including Kant scholars, scholars and students working on topics in moral and political philosophy, the philosophy of history, political theory and political science, legal scholars and international relations theorists, as well as those interested broadly in the history of ideas.

Teleology and the Norms of Nature

Author : William J. FitzPatrick
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136712674
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (367 download)

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Book Synopsis Teleology and the Norms of Nature by : William J. FitzPatrick

Download or read book Teleology and the Norms of Nature written by William J. FitzPatrick and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-25 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is an examination of teleological attributions i.e. ascriptions of proper functions and natural ends) to the features and behavior of living things with a view to understanding their application to human life.

Teleology

Author : Jeffrey K. McDonough
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0190845716
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Teleology by : Jeffrey K. McDonough

Download or read book Teleology written by Jeffrey K. McDonough and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Teleology is the belief that some things happen, or exist for the sake of other things. It is the belief that, for example, salmon swim upstream in order to spawn, and that bears have claws for the sake of catching fish. This volume takes up the intuitive yet puzzling concept of teleology asit has been treated by philosophers from ancient times to the present day. It includes nine main chapters centered on the treatment of teleology in Plato, Aristotle, the Islamic medieval tradition, the Jewish medieval tradition, the Latin medieval tradition, the early modern era, Kant, Hegel, andcontemporary philosophy. Each chapter probes central questions such as: is teleology inherent in its subjects or is it imposed on them from the outside? Does teleology necessarily involve intentionality, that is, a subject's cognizing some end, goal, or purpose? What is the scope of teleology? Isit, for example, applicable to elements and animals, or only to rational beings? Finally, is teleology explanatory? When we say that salmon swim upstream in order to spawn, have we explained why they swim upstream? When we say that bears have claws for catching fish, have we explained why bears haveclaws? The philosophical discussions of the main chapters are enlivened and contextualized by four reflection pieces exploring the implications of teleology in medicine, art, poetry, and music.

Explanation and Teleology in Aristotle's Science of Nature

Author : Mariska Leunissen
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139490419
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Explanation and Teleology in Aristotle's Science of Nature by : Mariska Leunissen

Download or read book Explanation and Teleology in Aristotle's Science of Nature written by Mariska Leunissen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-08-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Aristotle's teleological view of the world, natural things come to be and are present for the sake of some function or end (for example, wings are present in birds for the sake of flying). Whereas much of recent scholarship has focused on uncovering the (meta-)physical underpinnings of Aristotle's teleology and its contrasts with his notions of chance and necessity, this book examines Aristotle's use of the theory of natural teleology in producing explanations of natural phenomena. Close analyses of Aristotle's natural treatises and his Posterior Analytics show what methods are used for the discovery of functions or ends that figure in teleological explanations, how these explanations are structured, and how well they work in making sense of phenomena. The book will be valuable for all who are interested in Aristotle's natural science, his philosophy of science, and his biology.

Aristotle on Teleology

Author : Monte Ransome Johnson
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
ISBN 13 : 0199285306
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis Aristotle on Teleology by : Monte Ransome Johnson

Download or read book Aristotle on Teleology written by Monte Ransome Johnson and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2005-11-03 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Monte Johnson examines one of the most controversial aspects of Aristotle's natural philosophy: his teleology. Johnson argues that Aristotle's aporetic approach drives a middle course between these traditional oppositions, and avoids the dilemma, frequently urged against teleology, between backwards causation and anthropomorphism. Although these issues have been debated with extraordinary depth by Aristotle scholars, and touched upon by many in the wider philosophical and scientific community as well, there has been no comprehensive historical treatment of the issue."--BOOK JACKET.

Moral Teleology

Author : Hanno Sauer
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000899608
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Moral Teleology by : Hanno Sauer

Download or read book Moral Teleology written by Hanno Sauer and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-06-16 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book develops a unified theory of moral progress. The author argues that there are mechanisms in place that consistently drive societies towards moral improvement and that a sophisticated, naturalistically respectable form of teleology can be defended. The book’s main aim is to flesh out the process of moral progress in more detail, and to show how, when the right mechanisms and institutions of moral progress are matched together, they create pressure for the desired types of moral gains to manifest. The first part of the book deals with two issues: the conceptual one about what moral progress is, and the broadly empirical one whether it is possible. It shows that cultural evolution successfully explains the origins of modern forms of morally welcome change. The second part argues that there is logical space for a moderate, scientifically credible form of teleology, and that the converse case for moral decline is weak. It addresses the types, drivers, and institutions of moral progress that allow for the storage, transmission, and cumulative improvement of our normative infrastructure over time. Finally, the third part demonstrates why moral progress cannot be accounted for in metaethically realist terms. Moral Teleology will be of interest to researchers and advanced students working in ethics, moral epistemology, and moral psychology. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

The Teleology of Reason

Author : Courtney D. Fugate
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110367912
Total Pages : 449 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis The Teleology of Reason by : Courtney D. Fugate

Download or read book The Teleology of Reason written by Courtney D. Fugate and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2015-02-17 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work argues that teleological motives lie at the heart of Kant’s critical philosophy and that a precise analysis of teleological structures can both illuminate the basic strategy of its fundamental arguments and provide a key to understanding its unity. It thus aims, through an examination of each of Kant’s major writings, to provide a detailed interpretation of his claim that philosophy in the true sense must consist of a teleologia rationis humanae. The author argues that Kant’s critical philosophy forged a new link between traditional teleological concepts and the basic structure of rationality, one that would later inform the dynamic conception of reason at the heart of German Idealism. The process by which this was accomplished began with Kant’s development of a uniquely teleological conception of systematic unity already in the precritical period. The individual chapters of this work attempt to show how Kant adapted and refined this conception of systematic unity so that it came to form the structural basis for the critical philosophy.

Teleology in the Ancient World

Author : Julius Rocca
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107036631
Total Pages : 349 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Teleology in the Ancient World by : Julius Rocca

Download or read book Teleology in the Ancient World written by Julius Rocca and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-10-12 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection provides a comprehensive examination of ancient teleological arguments from philosophical and medical perspectives.

The Teleology of Action in Plato's Republic

Author : Andrew Payne
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019252397X
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis The Teleology of Action in Plato's Republic by : Andrew Payne

Download or read book The Teleology of Action in Plato's Republic written by Andrew Payne and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-10-06 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In many discussions of ancient philosophy, teleology is acknowledged as an important theme. How do we act for a particular end or purpose? One common answer describes humans as acting with the intention of achieving a goal. A person selects particular actions with the thought that these actions will lead to that goal. Andrew Payne accepts that this is one good answer to our question but proposes that it is not the only one. In Plato's Republic, Socrates appeals to a different understanding of how humans act for the sake of ends as they live together in political communities and pursue knowledge. As they carry out activities that are necessary for human flourishing, their actions can produce unintended results that signal the full completion of human capacities. For example, performing the actions of a just individual can help promote the establishment of a just society as an unintended result. Such unintended results qualify as ends or purposes of human action. This volume fully explores this functional teleology of action in Plato's Republic.

Teleology

Author : Jeffrey K. McDonough
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190845732
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Teleology by : Jeffrey K. McDonough

Download or read book Teleology written by Jeffrey K. McDonough and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-08 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Teleology is the belief that some things happen, or exist for the sake of other things. It is the belief that, for example, salmon swim upstream in order to spawn, and that bears have claws for the sake of catching fish. This volume takes up the intuitive yet puzzling concept of teleology as it has been treated by philosophers from ancient times to the present day. It includes nine main chapters centered on the treatment of teleology in Plato, Aristotle, the Islamic medieval tradition, the Jewish medieval tradition, the Latin medieval tradition, the early modern era, Kant, Hegel, and contemporary philosophy. Each chapter probes central questions such as: is teleology inherent in its subjects or is it imposed on them from the outside? Does teleology necessarily involve intentionality, that is, a subject's cognizing some end, goal, or purpose? What is the scope of teleology? Is it, for example, applicable to elements and animals, or only to rational beings? Finally, is teleology explanatory? When we say that salmon swim upstream in order to spawn, have we explained why they swim upstream? When we say that bears have claws for catching fish, have we explained why bears have claws? The philosophical discussions of the main chapters are enlivened and contextualized by four reflection pieces exploring the implications of teleology in medicine, art, poetry, and music.

The Sources and Development of Kant's Teleology

Author : Tufts
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Sources and Development of Kant's Teleology by : Tufts

Download or read book The Sources and Development of Kant's Teleology written by Tufts and published by . This book was released on 1892 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Gale Researcher Guide for: Kant's Approach to Teleology and Purpose in Nature

Author : Geoffrey Karabin
Publisher : Gale, Cengage Learning
ISBN 13 : 1535857153
Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (358 download)

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Book Synopsis Gale Researcher Guide for: Kant's Approach to Teleology and Purpose in Nature by : Geoffrey Karabin

Download or read book Gale Researcher Guide for: Kant's Approach to Teleology and Purpose in Nature written by Geoffrey Karabin and published by Gale, Cengage Learning. This book was released on 2018-08-30 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gale Researcher Guide for: Kant's Approach to Teleology and Purpose in Nature is selected from Gale's academic platform Gale Researcher. These study guides provide peer-reviewed articles that allow students early success in finding scholarly materials and to gain the confidence and vocabulary needed to pursue deeper research.

Teleology and Modernity

Author : William Gibson
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351141864
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (511 download)

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Book Synopsis Teleology and Modernity by : William Gibson

Download or read book Teleology and Modernity written by William Gibson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-07-31 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main and original contribution of this volume is to offer a discussion of teleology through the prism of religion, philosophy and history. The goal is to incorporate teleology within discussions across these three disciplines rather than restrict it to one as is customarily the case. The chapters cover a wide range of topics, from individual teleologies to collective ones; ideas put forward by the French aristocrat Arthur de Gobineau and the Scottish philosopher David Hume, by the Anglican theologian and founder of Methodism, John Wesley, and the English naturalist Charles Darwin.