Technology And Regulation

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The Oxford Handbook of Law, Regulation and Technology

Author : Roger Brownsword
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191502235
Total Pages : 1342 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Law, Regulation and Technology by : Roger Brownsword

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Law, Regulation and Technology written by Roger Brownsword and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-07-24 with total page 1342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The variety, pace, and power of technological innovations that have emerged in the 21st Century have been breathtaking. These technological developments, which include advances in networked information and communications, biotechnology, neurotechnology, nanotechnology, robotics, and environmental engineering technology, have raised a number of vital and complex questions. Although these technologies have the potential to generate positive transformation and help address 'grand societal challenges', the novelty associated with technological innovation has also been accompanied by anxieties about their risks and destabilizing effects. Is there a potential harm to human health or the environment? What are the ethical implications? Do this innovations erode of antagonize values such as human dignity, privacy, democracy, or other norms underpinning existing bodies of law and regulation? These technological developments have therefore spawned a nascent but growing body of 'law and technology' scholarship, broadly concerned with exploring the legal, social and ethical dimensions of technological innovation. This handbook collates the many and varied strands of this scholarship, focusing broadly across a range of new and emerging technology and a vast array of social and policy sectors, through which leading scholars in the field interrogate the interfaces between law, emerging technology, and regulation. Structured in five parts, the handbook (I) establishes the collection of essays within existing scholarship concerned with law and technology as well as regulatory governance; (II) explores the relationship between technology development by focusing on core concepts and values which technological developments implicate; (III) studies the challenges for law in responding to the emergence of new technologies, examining how legal norms, doctrine and institutions have been shaped, challenged and destabilized by technology, and even how technologies have been shaped by legal regimes; (IV) provides a critical exploration of the implications of technological innovation, examining the ways in which technological innovation has generated challenges for regulators in the governance of technological development, and the implications of employing new technologies as an instrument of regulatory governance; (V) explores various interfaces between law, regulatory governance, and new technologies across a range of key social domains.

The REGTECH Book

Author : Janos Barberis
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119362164
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis The REGTECH Book by : Janos Barberis

Download or read book The REGTECH Book written by Janos Barberis and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-08-06 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Regulatory Technology Handbook The transformational potential of RegTech has been confirmed in recent years with US$1.2 billion invested in start-ups (2017) and an expected additional spending of US$100 billion by 2020. Regulatory technology will not only provide efficiency gains for compliance and reporting functions, it will radically change market structure and supervision. This book, the first of its kind, is providing a comprehensive and invaluable source of information aimed at corporates, regulators, compliance professionals, start-ups and policy makers. The REGTECH Book brings into a single volume the curated industry expertise delivered by subject matter experts. It serves as a single reference point to understand the RegTech eco-system and its impact on the industry. Readers will learn foundational notions such as: • The economic impact of digitization and datafication of regulation • How new technologies (Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain) are applied to compliance • Business use cases of RegTech for cost-reduction and new product origination • The future regulatory landscape affecting financial institutions, technology companies and other industries Edited by world-class academics and written by compliance professionals, regulators, entrepreneurs and business leaders, the RegTech Book represents an invaluable resource that paves the way for 21st century regulatory innovation.

Law 3.0

Author : Roger Brownsword
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000081605
Total Pages : 173 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Law 3.0 by : Roger Brownsword

Download or read book Law 3.0 written by Roger Brownsword and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-05-27 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Putting technology front and centre in our thinking about law, this book introduces Law 3.0: the future of the legal landscape. Technology not only disrupts the traditional idea of what it is ‘to think like a lawyer,’ as per Law 1.0; it presents major challenges to regulators who are reasoning in a Law 2.0 mode. As this book demonstrates, the latest developments in technology offer regulators the possibility of employing a technical fix rather than just relying on rules – thus, we are introducing Law 3.0. Law 3.0 represents, so to speak, the state we are in and the conversation that we now need to have, and this book identifies some of the key points for discussion in that conversation. Thinking like a lawyer might continue to be associated with Law 1.0, but from 2020 onward, Law 3.0 is the conversation that we all need to join. And, as this book argues, law and the evolution of legal reasoning cannot be adequately understood unless we grasp the significance of technology in shaping both legal doctrine and our regulatory thinking. This is a book for those studying, or about to study, law – as well as others with interests in the legal, political, and social impact of technology.

Future Law

Author : Lilian Edwards
Publisher : Edinburgh University Press
ISBN 13 : 1474417639
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (744 download)

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Book Synopsis Future Law by : Lilian Edwards

Download or read book Future Law written by Lilian Edwards and published by Edinburgh University Press. This book was released on 2020-02-03 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How will law, regulation and ethics govern a future of fast-changing technologies? Bringing together cutting-edge authors from academia, legal practice and the technology industry, Future Law explores and leverages the power of human imagination in understanding, critiquing and improving the legal responses to technological change. It focuses on the practical difficulties of applying law, policy and ethical structures to emergent technologies both now and in the future. It covers crucial current issues such as big data ethics, ubiquitous surveillance and the Internet of Things, and disruptive technologies such as autonomous vehicles, DIY genetics and robot agents. By using examples from popular culture such as books, films, TV and Instagram - including 'Black Mirror', 'Disney Princesses', 'Star Wars', 'Doctor Who' and 'Rick and Morty' - it brings hypothetical examples to life. And it asks where law might go next and to regulate new-phase technology such as artificial intelligence, 'smart homes' and automated emotion recognition.

Rights, Regulation, and the Technological Revolution

Author : Roger Brownsword
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Rights, Regulation, and the Technological Revolution by : Roger Brownsword

Download or read book Rights, Regulation, and the Technological Revolution written by Roger Brownsword and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2008 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title provides panoramic commentary on the dynamics of regulation in the face of the last century's technological revolutions. It examines how rapid technological change has transformed the relationship between regulators and wider society.

The Legal Consistency of Technology Regulation in Europe

Author : Inge Graef
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1509968024
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis The Legal Consistency of Technology Regulation in Europe by : Inge Graef

Download or read book The Legal Consistency of Technology Regulation in Europe written by Inge Graef and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2024-06-13 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By bringing together fundamental rights, economic law, and recent legislation in the areas of digital platforms, data, and AI, this open access book gives a comprehensive picture of the state of play in technology regulation in the EU. Risks of regulatory fragmentation are on the rise with ever more legislative instruments becoming applicable to the technology sector. This book explores the prospects and challenges of ensuring legal consistency in a period of transition in which new legislation is being implemented and the interpretation of existing laws is being challenged by the use of data, AI, and platform technologies. The book analyses the legal consistency of technology regulation from three perspectives: (1) the relationship between the EU and the Council of Europe; (2) the relationship among EU regulatory frameworks; and (3) the relationship between EU and Member State law. By covering issues of fundamental rights protection, the free flow of data, consumer protection, competition, and innovation, the book gives a unique and extensive outlook into the state of the art in academic and policy discussions. Unravelling the relationship between legal fields, the book is an essential resource for academics, practitioners and students wishing to understand the increasingly complex landscape of technology regulation in Europe. The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com.

The Oxford Handbook of Law, Regulation and Technology

Author : Roger Brownsword
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199680833
Total Pages : 1361 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Law, Regulation and Technology by : Roger Brownsword

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Law, Regulation and Technology written by Roger Brownsword and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 1361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The variety, pace, and power of technological innovations that have emerged in the 21st Century have been breathtaking. These technological developments, which include advances in networked information and communications, biotechnology, neurotechnology, nanotechnology, robotics, and environmental engineering technology, have raised a number of vital and complex questions. Although these technologies have the potential to generate positive transformation and help address 'grand societal challenges', the novelty associated with technological innovation has also been accompanied by anxieties about their risks and destabilizing effects. Is there a potential harm to human health or the environment? What are the ethical implications? Do this innovations erode of antagonize values such as human dignity, privacy, democracy, or other norms underpinning existing bodies of law and regulation? These technological developments have therefore spawned a nascent but growing body of 'law and technology' scholarship, broadly concerned with exploring the legal, social and ethical dimensions of technological innovation. This handbook collates the many and varied strands of this scholarship, focusing broadly across a range of new and emerging technology and a vast array of social and policy sectors, through which leading scholars in the field interrogate the interfaces between law, emerging technology, and regulation. Structured in five parts, the handbook (I) establishes the collection of essays within existing scholarship concerned with law and technology as well as regulatory governance; (II) explores the relationship between technology development by focusing on core concepts and values which technological developments implicate; (III) studies the challenges for law in responding to the emergence of new technologies, examining how legal norms, doctrine and institutions have been shaped, challenged and destabilized by technology, and even how technologies have been shaped by legal regimes; (IV) provides a critical exploration of the implications of technological innovation, examining the ways in which technological innovation has generated challenges for regulators in the governance of technological development, and the implications of employing new technologies as an instrument of regulatory governance; (V) explores various interfaces between law, regulatory governance, and new technologies across a range of key social domains.

Regulating Technologies

Author : Roger Brownsword
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1847314643
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (473 download)

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Book Synopsis Regulating Technologies by : Roger Brownsword

Download or read book Regulating Technologies written by Roger Brownsword and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2008-10-23 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While it is a truism that emerging technologies present both opportunities for and challenges to their host communities, the legal community has only recently begun to consider their significance. On the one hand, emerging information, bio, nano, and neurotechnologies challenge policy-makers who aspire to put in place a regulatory environment that is legitimate, effective, and sustainable; on the other hand, these same technologies offer new opportunities as potentially powerful regulatory instruments. In this unique volume, a team of leading international scholars address many of the key difficulties surrounding the regulation of emerging technological targets as well as the implications of adopting technology as a regulatory tool. How should we rise to the challenge of regulating technologies? How are the regulatory lines to be drawn in the right places and how is the public to be properly engaged? How is precaution to be accommodated, and how can the law keep pace with technologies that develop ahead of the regulatory environment? How readily should we avail ourselves of the opportunity to use technology as a regulative strategy? How are we to understand these strategies and the challenges which they raise? To what extent do they give rise to similar policy problems accompanying more 'traditional' regulatory instruments or generate distinctive challenges? While the criminal justice system increasingly relies on technological assistance and the development of a 'surveillance society', is a regulatory regime that rules by technology compatible with rule of law values?

Regulating New Technologies in Uncertain Times

Author : Leonie Reins
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9462652791
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (626 download)

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Book Synopsis Regulating New Technologies in Uncertain Times by : Leonie Reins

Download or read book Regulating New Technologies in Uncertain Times written by Leonie Reins and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-21 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with questions of democracy and governance relating to new technologies. The deployment and application of new technologies is often accompanied with uncertainty as to their long-term (un)intended impacts. New technologies also raise questions about the limits of the law as the line between harmful and beneficial effects is often difficult to draw. The volume explores overarching concepts on how to regulate new technologies and their implications in a diverse and constantly changing society, as well as the way in which regulation can address differing, and sometimes conflicting, societal objectives, such as public health and the protection of privacy. Contributions focus on a broad range of issues such as Citizen Science, Smart Cities, big data, and health care, but also on the role of market regulation for new technologies.The book will serve as a useful research tool for scholars and practitioners interested in the latest developments in the field of technology regulation. Leonie Reins is Assistant Professor at the Tilburg Institute for Law, Technology, and Society (TILT) in The Netherlands.

Dimensions of Technology Regulation

Author : Morag Goodwin
Publisher : Wolf Legal Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9789058505118
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Dimensions of Technology Regulation by : Morag Goodwin

Download or read book Dimensions of Technology Regulation written by Morag Goodwin and published by Wolf Legal Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume represents the proceedings of an international conference organized by the Tilburg Institute for Law, Technology, and Society (TILT) in Tilburg, the Netherlands. The book brings together a wide range of international scholars from a variety of disciplines to shed light on the multiple dimensions of technology regulation. It presents different perspectives in an innovative way, visualizing the emerging discipline of technology regulation as a multidimensional space. The book explores a range of issues in the fields of nano-materials and nano-medicine, biotechnology, chemicals, and ICT, as well as overarching topics, such as innovation regimes, risk governance, and responsive regulation. By grouping the analyses along four dimensions - type of technology, type of regulation, innovation, and time - it allows both scholars and practitioners to explore the space of technology regulation along new lines and to identify new possibilities for regulatory action and future research. Technological developments pose enormous challenges for regulators. Not only do regulators need to find an optimal balance between protecting fundamental values and public goods and the stimulation of creativity and innovation, but they need to do so in a way that keeps pace with the speed and pervasive nature of technological developments. Technology regulation is thus emerging as an important field of interdisciplinary research. The book charts the multifarious challenges of new technologies and possible regulatory responses from a multidisciplinary perspective.

Innovation and Protection

Author : I. Glenn Cohen
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108838634
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Innovation and Protection by : I. Glenn Cohen

Download or read book Innovation and Protection written by I. Glenn Cohen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-04-07 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed analysis of the ethical, legal, and regulatory landscape of medical devices in the US and EU.

The Ethical Algorithm

Author : Michael Kearns
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190948221
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ethical Algorithm by : Michael Kearns

Download or read book The Ethical Algorithm written by Michael Kearns and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-10-04 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the course of a generation, algorithms have gone from mathematical abstractions to powerful mediators of daily life. Algorithms have made our lives more efficient, more entertaining, and, sometimes, better informed. At the same time, complex algorithms are increasingly violating the basic rights of individual citizens. Allegedly anonymized datasets routinely leak our most sensitive personal information; statistical models for everything from mortgages to college admissions reflect racial and gender bias. Meanwhile, users manipulate algorithms to "game" search engines, spam filters, online reviewing services, and navigation apps. Understanding and improving the science behind the algorithms that run our lives is rapidly becoming one of the most pressing issues of this century. Traditional fixes, such as laws, regulations and watchdog groups, have proven woefully inadequate. Reporting from the cutting edge of scientific research, The Ethical Algorithm offers a new approach: a set of principled solutions based on the emerging and exciting science of socially aware algorithm design. Michael Kearns and Aaron Roth explain how we can better embed human principles into machine code - without halting the advance of data-driven scientific exploration. Weaving together innovative research with stories of citizens, scientists, and activists on the front lines, The Ethical Algorithm offers a compelling vision for a future, one in which we can better protect humans from the unintended impacts of algorithms while continuing to inspire wondrous advances in technology.

Regulating Artificial Intelligence

Author : Thomas Wischmeyer
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030323617
Total Pages : 391 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Regulating Artificial Intelligence by : Thomas Wischmeyer

Download or read book Regulating Artificial Intelligence written by Thomas Wischmeyer and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-29 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book assesses the normative and practical challenges for artificial intelligence (AI) regulation, offers comprehensive information on the laws that currently shape or restrict the design or use of AI, and develops policy recommendations for those areas in which regulation is most urgently needed. By gathering contributions from scholars who are experts in their respective fields of legal research, it demonstrates that AI regulation is not a specialized sub-discipline, but affects the entire legal system and thus concerns all lawyers. Machine learning-based technology, which lies at the heart of what is commonly referred to as AI, is increasingly being employed to make policy and business decisions with broad social impacts, and therefore runs the risk of causing wide-scale damage. At the same time, AI technology is becoming more and more complex and difficult to understand, making it harder to determine whether or not it is being used in accordance with the law. In light of this situation, even tech enthusiasts are calling for stricter regulation of AI. Legislators, too, are stepping in and have begun to pass AI laws, including the prohibition of automated decision-making systems in Article 22 of the General Data Protection Regulation, the New York City AI transparency bill, and the 2017 amendments to the German Cartel Act and German Administrative Procedure Act. While the belief that something needs to be done is widely shared, there is far less clarity about what exactly can or should be done, or what effective regulation might look like. The book is divided into two major parts, the first of which focuses on features common to most AI systems, and explores how they relate to the legal framework for data-driven technologies, which already exists in the form of (national and supra-national) constitutional law, EU data protection and competition law, and anti-discrimination law. In the second part, the book examines in detail a number of relevant sectors in which AI is increasingly shaping decision-making processes, ranging from the notorious social media and the legal, financial and healthcare industries, to fields like law enforcement and tax law, in which we can observe how regulation by AI is becoming a reality.

Code

Author : Director Edmond J Safra Center for Ethics and Roy L Furman Professorship of Law Lawrence Lessig
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781537290904
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Code by : Director Edmond J Safra Center for Ethics and Roy L Furman Professorship of Law Lawrence Lessig

Download or read book Code written by Director Edmond J Safra Center for Ethics and Roy L Furman Professorship of Law Lawrence Lessig and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-08-31 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There's a common belief that cyberspace cannot be regulated-that it is, in its very essence, immune from the government's (or anyone else's) control.Code argues that this belief is wrong. It is not in the nature of cyberspace to be unregulable; cyberspace has no "nature." It only has code-the software and hardware that make cyberspace what it is. That code can create a place of freedom-as the original architecture of the Net did-or a place of exquisitely oppressive control.If we miss this point, then we will miss how cyberspace is changing. Under the influence of commerce, cyberpsace is becoming a highly regulable space, where our behavior is much more tightly controlled than in real space.But that's not inevitable either. We can-we must-choose what kind of cyberspace we want and what freedoms we will guarantee. These choices are all about architecture: about what kind of code will govern cyberspace, and who will control it. In this realm, code is the most significant form of law, and it is up to lawyers, policymakers, and especially citizens to decide what values that code embodies.

Risks and Regulation of New Technologies

Author : Tsuyoshi Matsuda
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789811586880
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (868 download)

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Book Synopsis Risks and Regulation of New Technologies by : Tsuyoshi Matsuda

Download or read book Risks and Regulation of New Technologies written by Tsuyoshi Matsuda and published by Springer. This book was released on 2020-12-02 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How should we proceed with advanced research of humanities and social sciences in collaboration? What are the pressing issues of this new trend in a cataclysmic time for civilization? This book, originated with a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Topic-Setting Program, addresses these challenging questions in four parts for innovating twenty-first-century humanities and social sciences. It broadens the horizon for reviewing multi-disciplinary landscapes of risks and regulation of new technologies by focusing on paradigmatic cases from the fields of life and environment. Here, genome editing for reproductive treatment and renewable energy under the constraint of climate change in Japanese and global contexts are involved. The volume comprises a combination of topics and aspects such as public policy and philosophy of science, medicine and law, climate ethics, and the economics of electricity. This edited collection will thus motivate forward-thinking readers across the diverse spectrum of social sciences and humanities to survey themes of their own interests in multi-disciplinary studies. In so doing, they can explore the evolving frontiers of those disciplines and the depths of individual contributions by experts in philosophy, ethics, law, economics, and science, technology, and society (STS), including bioscience.

Artificial Intelligence as a Disruptive Technology

Author : Rosario Girasa
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030359751
Total Pages : 339 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Artificial Intelligence as a Disruptive Technology by : Rosario Girasa

Download or read book Artificial Intelligence as a Disruptive Technology written by Rosario Girasa and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-11 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Artificial intelligence (AI) is the latest technological evolution which is transforming the global economy and is a major part of the “Fourth Industrial Revolution.” This book covers the meaning, types, subfields and applications of AI, including U.S. governmental policies and regulations, ethical and privacy issues, particularly as they pertain and affect facial recognition programs and the Internet-of Things (IoT). There is a lengthy analysis of bias, AI’s effect on the current and future job market, and how AI precipitated fake news. In addition, the text covers basics of intellectual property rights and how AI will transform their protection. The author then moves on to explore international initiatives from the European Union, China’s New Generation Development Plan, other regional areas, and international conventions. The book concludes with a discussion of super intelligence and the question and applicability of consciousness in machines. The interdisciplinary scope of the text will appeal to any scholars, students and general readers interested in the effects of AI on our society, particularly in the fields of STS, economics, law and politics.

The Economics of Artificial Intelligence

Author : Ajay Agrawal
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226833127
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (268 download)

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Book Synopsis The Economics of Artificial Intelligence by : Ajay Agrawal

Download or read book The Economics of Artificial Intelligence written by Ajay Agrawal and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2024-03-05 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A timely investigation of the potential economic effects, both realized and unrealized, of artificial intelligence within the United States healthcare system. In sweeping conversations about the impact of artificial intelligence on many sectors of the economy, healthcare has received relatively little attention. Yet it seems unlikely that an industry that represents nearly one-fifth of the economy could escape the efficiency and cost-driven disruptions of AI. The Economics of Artificial Intelligence: Health Care Challenges brings together contributions from health economists, physicians, philosophers, and scholars in law, public health, and machine learning to identify the primary barriers to entry of AI in the healthcare sector. Across original papers and in wide-ranging responses, the contributors analyze barriers of four types: incentives, management, data availability, and regulation. They also suggest that AI has the potential to improve outcomes and lower costs. Understanding both the benefits of and barriers to AI adoption is essential for designing policies that will affect the evolution of the healthcare system.