Technetium Chemistry In Waste Environments

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Technetium in the Environment

Author : G. Desmet
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400941897
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Technetium in the Environment by : G. Desmet

Download or read book Technetium in the Environment written by G. Desmet and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the discovery of technetium (in 1937, by Perrier and Segre), technetium-99 and technetium-99m have become most familiar in the specialised literature, the behaviour of the former being of concern regarding its health impact, the latter having been used intensively in medical tests for many years. The knowledge of the characteristics and behaviour of this element in nature is currently increasing exponentially. It has become clear, however, that there is still a serious shortage of information needed to assess properly its burden and impact on man and his environment. Technetium may indeed be released from nuclear installations or as a waste product from medical applications. It is generally considered to be highly mobile as the anion TcOi, but it is also suspected to be readily reduced in soils and metabolised in living beings into lower oxidation states. The seminar was planned to analyse thoroughly the experimental results obtained up to now and to make recommendations of specific issues requiring further research. This book presents the papers of the different sessions in the order of presentation, and the conclusions drawn by three discussion groups which dealt separately with: problems of sources and distribution of man-made technetium and its radiological consequences; the chemical behaviour of technetium in different ecosystems; biochemical reactions and binding with macromolecules in various life systems. vi Preface The editors, together with the Programme Committee of the Seminar, wish to express their gratitude to the chairmen of the different sessions for their summary of the group discussions.

Technetium Chemistry in Waste Environments

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)

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Book Synopsis Technetium Chemistry in Waste Environments by :

Download or read book Technetium Chemistry in Waste Environments written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This presentation was given at the DOE Office of Science-Environmental Management Science Program (EMSP) High-Level Waste Workshop held on January 19-20, 2005 at the Savannah River Site.

The chemical speciation of technetium in the environment

Author : S. T. Sparkes
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (597 download)

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Book Synopsis The chemical speciation of technetium in the environment by : S. T. Sparkes

Download or read book The chemical speciation of technetium in the environment written by S. T. Sparkes and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Chemical Separation Technologies and Related Methods of Nuclear Waste Management

Author : Gregory R. Choppin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780792356387
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (563 download)

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Book Synopsis Chemical Separation Technologies and Related Methods of Nuclear Waste Management by : Gregory R. Choppin

Download or read book Chemical Separation Technologies and Related Methods of Nuclear Waste Management written by Gregory R. Choppin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999-02-28 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Separation technologies are of crucial importance to the goal of significantly reducing the volume of high-level nuclear waste, thereby reducing the long-term health risks to mankind. International co-operation, including the sharing of concepts and methods, as well as technology transfer, is essential in accelerating research and development in the field. The writers of this book are all internationally recognised experts in the field of separation technology, well qualified to assess and criticize the current state of separation research as well as to identify future opportunities for the application of separation technologies to the solution of nuclear waste management problems. The major emphases in the book are research opportunities in the utilization of innovative and potentially more efficient and cost effective processes for waste processing/treatment, actinide speciation/separation methods, technological processing, and environmental restoration.

Research Program to Investigate the Fundamental Chemistry of Technetium

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis Research Program to Investigate the Fundamental Chemistry of Technetium by :

Download or read book Research Program to Investigate the Fundamental Chemistry of Technetium written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technetium (99Tc, half-life = 2.13x105 years, b-emitter) is one of the radionuclides of major concern for nuclear waste disposal. This concern is due to the long half-life of 99Tc, the ease with which pertechnetate, TcO4 -, migrates in the geosphere, difficulties in incorporating technetium into glass waste forms, and the corresponding regulatory considerations. The problem of mobility of pertechnetate in the environment is compounded by the fact that pertechnetate is the thermodynamically stable form of technetium in oxidizing environments. Because of this stability, pertechnetate was presumed to be the predominant chemical form of technetium in the aqueous phase of nuclear waste tanks. However, studies have indicated that a significant fraction of the technetium is in a different chemical form. These factors present challenges the separation and immobilization of technetium. The objective of this project is to investigate the chemical behavior of technetium so that the se problems may be understood and the challenges addressed.

הקשר בין יציבות לחומרים אנטיביוטיים ובין אלימות אצל חידקי KLEBSIELLA

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (144 download)

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Book Synopsis הקשר בין יציבות לחומרים אנטיביוטיים ובין אלימות אצל חידקי KLEBSIELLA by :

Download or read book הקשר בין יציבות לחומרים אנטיביוטיים ובין אלימות אצל חידקי KLEBSIELLA written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Technetium

Author : Klaus Schwochau
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527613374
Total Pages : 461 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)

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Book Synopsis Technetium by : Klaus Schwochau

Download or read book Technetium written by Klaus Schwochau and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-11-21 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dieses einzigartige Handbuch gibt eine umfassende Übersicht über den aktuellen Stand der Technetium-Chemie und die Anwendung von Technetium in der Radiopharmazie. Klar und präzise dargestellt werden alle wichtigen Aspekte wie · natürliches und künstlich verursachtes Vorkommen in der Umwelt, · Isotope und Isomere, · Analytische Chemie und Biochemie, · thermodynamische Daten, Stabilität und Reaktivität, · intermetallische und binäre Verbindungen, und vor allem · Komplexchemie sowie · radiopharmazeutischer Einsatz. Dieses herausragende Werk erlaubt sowohl Experten als auch Laien mit naturwissenschaftlicher Bildung einen schnellen Zugang zu wichtiger Information. Deshalb ist das Handbuch genauso unverzichtbar für Forscher an Universitäten und Instituten, in der Nuklearmedizin und radiopharmazeutischen Industrie wie für wissenschaftliche Berater in Regierungen und Umweltverbänden.

Technetium from Two Perspectives

Author : Kimberly Marie Reinig
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 127 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (957 download)

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Book Synopsis Technetium from Two Perspectives by : Kimberly Marie Reinig

Download or read book Technetium from Two Perspectives written by Kimberly Marie Reinig and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part I: Sulfide Remediation Technetium-99 is an environmental concern at nuclear waste storage facilities. Hanford, WA is one of the largest waste storage facilities, and unfortunately some of the nuclear waste contained at this site has leaked into the ground. Technetium is most stable as the pertechnetate anion in aqueous, aerobic environments, which is mobile in water. Due to this high mobility and its long half-life, studies have been done to understand the environmental impact of technetium and to prevent further contamination issues. The H2S gaseous diffusion method has shown potential in immobilizing technetium by forming reduced Tc solids in the ground. In past work, it has been shown that olefinic low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) can inhibit immobilization. Therefore, one objective for this project was to identify the complexes formed in these reactions. Additionally, work has been done to investigate the interaction of sulfide and pertechnetate with common Fe-containing minerals. Part II: Schiff Base Chemistry Technetium-99m Schiff base complexes have been studied for use as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging agents. Rhenium is often considered a structural analog to technetium and has isotopes ideal for radiotherapy and imaging. Many Tc and Re N2O2 Schiff base complexes have been investigated. Reaction with [pi]-backbonding ligands may lead to complexes that are more kinetically inert. In previous work, addition of thiocyanate (NCS- ) to trans-[ReO(X)(acac2en/pn)] (X = OH2 or Cl− ) led to the formation of cis-[ReO(NCS)acac2en/pn]. Efforts to understand and develop suitable Tc/Re radiopharmaceuticals have led to unusually aqueous-stable MVO(NCS) Schiff base complexes.

Technetium Chemistry in High-Level Waste

Author : Nancy J. Hess
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (316 download)

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Book Synopsis Technetium Chemistry in High-Level Waste by : Nancy J. Hess

Download or read book Technetium Chemistry in High-Level Waste written by Nancy J. Hess and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tc contamination is found within the DOE complex at those sites whose mission involved extraction of plutonium from irradiated uranium fuel or isotopic enrichment of uranium. At the Hanford Site, chemical separations and extraction processes generated large amounts of high level and transuranic wastes that are currently stored in underground tanks. The waste from these extraction processes is currently stored in underground High Level Waste (HLW) tanks. However, the chemistry of the HLW in any given tank is greatly complicated by repeated efforts to reduce volume and recover isotopes. These processes ultimately resulted in mixing of waste streams from different processes. As a result, the chemistry and the fate of Tc in HLW tanks are not well understood. This lack of understanding has been made evident in the failed efforts to leach Tc from sludge and to remove Tc from supernatants prior to immobilization. Although recent interest in Tc chemistry has shifted from pretreatment chemistry to waste residuals, both needs are served by a fundamental understanding of Tc chemistry.

Stobwasser's Bilderkabinet in Berlin

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780795903571
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Stobwasser's Bilderkabinet in Berlin by :

Download or read book Stobwasser's Bilderkabinet in Berlin written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Fundamental Chemistry, Characterization, and Separation of Technetium Complexes in Hanford Waste

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis Fundamental Chemistry, Characterization, and Separation of Technetium Complexes in Hanford Waste by :

Download or read book Fundamental Chemistry, Characterization, and Separation of Technetium Complexes in Hanford Waste written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ultimate goal of this project is to separate technetium from Hanford tank waste. Our prior work with Hanford Site tank waste indicates that the presence of complexants has produced unidentified, reduced technetium species not amenable to current separation technologies, or readily oxidized to pertechnetate. Consequently, we are synthesizing and characterizing some of the major classes of technetium complexes that may be formed under tank waste conditions. These complexes will be used as standards to characterize the nonpertechnetate species in actual wastes and to develop efficient oxidation or separation methods.

Environmental Issues and Waste Management Technologies in the Ceramic and Nuclear Industries X

Author : John D. Vienna
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118408446
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (184 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Issues and Waste Management Technologies in the Ceramic and Nuclear Industries X by : John D. Vienna

Download or read book Environmental Issues and Waste Management Technologies in the Ceramic and Nuclear Industries X written by John D. Vienna and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-11 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings capture advances in the state of knowledge in nuclear and waste materials science and technology. In addition, the proceedings addresses the environmental issues associated with ceramic processing. Included are the status of environmental issues and their solutions, both current and proposed.

An End State Methodology for Identifying Technology Needs for Environmental Management, with an Example from the Hanford Site Tanks

Author : Committee on Technologies for Cleanup of High-Level Waste in Tanks in the DOE Weapons Complex
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309592259
Total Pages : 105 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis An End State Methodology for Identifying Technology Needs for Environmental Management, with an Example from the Hanford Site Tanks by : Committee on Technologies for Cleanup of High-Level Waste in Tanks in the DOE Weapons Complex

Download or read book An End State Methodology for Identifying Technology Needs for Environmental Management, with an Example from the Hanford Site Tanks written by Committee on Technologies for Cleanup of High-Level Waste in Tanks in the DOE Weapons Complex and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-03-30 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major issue in the cleanup of this country's nuclear weapons complex is how to dispose of the radioactive waste resulting primarily from the chemical processing operations for the recovery of plutonium and other defense strategic nuclear materials. The wastes are stored in hundreds of large underground tanks at four U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) sites throughout the United States. The tanks contain hundreds of thousands of cubic meters of radioactive and hazardous waste. Most of it is high-level waste (HLW), some of it is transuranic (TRU) or low- level waste (LLW), and essentially all containing significant amounts of chemicals deemed hazardous. Of the 278 tanks involved, about 70 are known or assumed to have leaked some of their contents to the environment. The remediation of the tanks and their contents requires the development of new technologies to enable cleanup and minimize costs while meeting various health, safety, and environmental objectives. While DOE has a process based on stakeholder participation for screening and formulating technology needs, it lacks transparency (in terms of being apparent to all concerned decision makers and other interested parties) and a systematic basis (in terms of identifying end states for the contaminants and developing pathways to these states from the present conditions). An End State Methodology for Identifying Technology Needs for Environmental Management, with an Example from the Hanford Site Tanks describes an approach for identifying technology development needs that is both systematic and transparent to enhance the cleanup and remediation of the tank contents and their sites. The authoring committee believes that the recommended end state based approach can be applied to DOE waste management in general, not just to waste in tanks. The approach is illustrated through an example based on the tanks at the DOE Hanford Site in southeastern Washington state, the location of some 60 percent by volume of the tank waste residues.

Research Program to Investigate the Fundamental Chemistry of Technetium. 1998 Annual Progress Report

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 3 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (871 download)

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Book Synopsis Research Program to Investigate the Fundamental Chemistry of Technetium. 1998 Annual Progress Report by :

Download or read book Research Program to Investigate the Fundamental Chemistry of Technetium. 1998 Annual Progress Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technetium (99Tc, [beta] emitter, half-life 2.1 x 105 years, spA= 1.7 x 10−2 Ci/g) is one of the radionuclides of major concern because of regulatory considerations for radioactive waste disposal. The propensity of Tc as pertechnetate, TcO4−, to migrate in the geosphere necessitates its safe, long-term immobilization. Technetium is found in the nuclear waste storage tanks at the Hanford and at the Savannah River sites in highly alkaline environments along with multi-molar concentrations of nitrate, nitrite, and Na ions and lesser amounts of organic complexants, phosphate, sulfate chloride, fluoride, and carbonate. It has been assumed that technetium is present in the waste tanks as the pertechnetate ion but a recent study has suggested that at least in part, technetium is present in another form. There is a lack of information on Tc chemistry in oxidation states III-V with simple inorganic (OH−, CO32−, PO43−, SiO44−) and common organic ligands (EDTA, citrate, oxalate) under alkaline conditions. This is essential information needed for pretreatment schemes, processing, and the assessment of stability of Tc in waste form materials. Further complicating the Tc waste tank chemistry is the added effect of an intense radiation field originating from 137Cs and 9°Sr. The interactions of the ionizing radiation with water, nitrate, nitrite, and other minor components create highly reactive species that can strongly perturb the oxidation-reduction conditions. The stability of Tc in waste form materials is of paramount importance for long term storage concerns and the solid state chemical properties of many candidate Tc compounds are unknown. There have been few systematic studies of Tc stability in lower valent solids with the exception of TcO2. Thus, it is not possible at present to assess the long term stability of many Tc compounds relevant to proposed waste form materials. This experimental research program addresses the characterization of the chemistry of technetium pertinent to the waste tank environment and to various waste forms. The solution and solid state chemistry of this element will be studied in aqueous solutions as a function of pH with the various salts added such as nitrate and nitrite, and as a function of radiation dose. The second part of this program is a search for stable, lower valent Tc materials which may prove useful for waste storage. This report summarizes the results after nine months of a three year project.

Technetium Chemistry in HLW

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)

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Book Synopsis Technetium Chemistry in HLW by :

Download or read book Technetium Chemistry in HLW written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tc contamination is found within the DOE complex at those sites whose mission involved extraction of plutonium from irradiated uranium fuel or isotopic enrichment of uranium. At the Hanford Site, chemical separations and extraction processes generated large amounts of high level and transuranic wastes that are currently stored in underground tanks. Technetium is thought to have followed U in bismuth phosphate, REDOX and PUREX extraction campaigns and the Cs and Sr isotope recovery efforts. The waste from these extraction processes is currently stored in underground High Level Waste (HLW) tanks. However, the chemistry of the HLW in any given tank is greatly complicated by repeated efforts to reduce volume and recover isotopes. These processes ultimately resulted in mixing of waste streams from different processes. As a result, the chemistry and the fate of Tc in HLW tanks are not well understood. This lack of understanding has been made evident in the failed efforts to leach Tc from sludge and to remove Tc from supernatants prior to immobilization. Although recent interest in Tc chemistry has shifted from pretreatment chemistry to waste residuals, both needs are served by a fundamental understanding of Tc chemistry. The fate of Tc in the insoluble salts that constitute tank residuals is of paramount importance due to the long half-life and environmental mobility of Tc. Knowledge gaps include determination of the Tc oxidation state, the stability of reduced Tc solution species, and interactions with possible organic complexants in HLW. The objective of this renewal proposal is to continue to pursue fundamental understanding of Tc solution chemistry that provides the basis to make knowledgeable decisions and predictions of Tc behavior during retrieval operations and in tank residuals.

Chemical Separations in Nuclear Waste Management

Author : Gregory R. Choppin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Chemical Separations in Nuclear Waste Management by : Gregory R. Choppin

Download or read book Chemical Separations in Nuclear Waste Management written by Gregory R. Choppin and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The separation of radioactive waste materials into their chemical components is at the heart of all efforts to reduce the volume of nuclear waste. In Chemical Separations in Nuclear Waste Management: The State of the Art and a Look to the Future, the authors discuss the present state and possible future directions of separations science and technology. The book presents an overview of the environmental legacy from nuclear weapons production in the United States and the former Soviet Union, the magnitude of the cleanup efforts that are underway in both countries, and the pivotal role played in these efforts by separations science. Needs that are specific to the future development of separations science and technology are emphasized. Contents:1. Overview of Chemical Separation Methods. II. The Environmental Legacy of the Cold War: Site Cleanup in the United States. III. Environmental Impacts of Separation Technologies in Russia. IV. Non-Aqueous Separation Methods. V. U.S.-Russian Cooperative Program in Research and Development of Chemical Separation Technologies. VI. Radiation Protection Aspects of Nuclear Waste Separations. VII. Accelerator-Driven Transmutation Technologies for Nuclear Waste Treatment.

Research Needs for High-Level Waste Stored in Tanks and Bins at U.S. Department of Energy Sites

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309075653
Total Pages : 146 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Research Needs for High-Level Waste Stored in Tanks and Bins at U.S. Department of Energy Sites by : National Research Council

Download or read book Research Needs for High-Level Waste Stored in Tanks and Bins at U.S. Department of Energy Sites written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-10-05 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States Department of Energy (DOE) has approximately 400 million liters (100 million gallons) of liquid high-level waste (HLW) stored in underground tanks and approximately 4,000 cubic meters of solid HLW stored in bins. The current DOE estimate of the cost of converting these liquid and solid wastes into stable forms for shipment to a geological repository exceeds $50 billion to be spent over several decades (DOE, 2000). The Committee on Long-Term Research Needs for Radioactive High-Level Waste at Department of Energy Sites was appointed by the National Research Council (NRC) to advise the Environmental Management Science Program (EMSP) on a long-term research agenda addressing the above problems related to HLW stored in tanks and bins at DOE sites.