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Tax Policy For Aging Societies
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Book Synopsis Tax Policy for Aging Societies by : A. Okamoto
Download or read book Tax Policy for Aging Societies written by A. Okamoto and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Japanese population is aging faster than any other in the world. The per centage of Japan's population aged 65 and above was only 7.1% in 1970,but just 30 years later, in 2000, it reached 17.2%. A declining birth rate and a rising average life expectancy will continue to push this trend further. This situation is causing serious problems for Japanese society.Structural reforms, especially tax and social security reforms, to accommodate this drastic demographic change have become an urgent policy issue. The purpose of this book is to establish guidelines for tax and social security reforms in Japan in terms that are both efficient and equitable. In this study, an extended life-cycle general equilibrium model is employed to rigorously take account of the rapidly aging Japanese population. The simulation approach adopted in our analysis permits us to calculate the effects of alternative policy packages on capital accumulation and economic welfare. This enables us to make proposals for concrete economic policies.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :030931710X Total Pages :182 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (93 download)
Book Synopsis The Growing Gap in Life Expectancy by Income by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book The Growing Gap in Life Expectancy by Income written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-09-17 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. population is aging. Social Security projections suggest that between 2013 and 2050, the population aged 65 and over will almost double, from 45 million to 86 million. One key driver of population aging is ongoing increases in life expectancy. Average U.S. life expectancy was 67 years for males and 73 years for females five decades ago; the averages are now 76 and 81, respectively. It has long been the case that better-educated, higher-income people enjoy longer life expectancies than less-educated, lower-income people. The causes include early life conditions, behavioral factors (such as nutrition, exercise, and smoking behaviors), stress, and access to health care services, all of which can vary across education and income. Our major entitlement programs - Medicare, Medicaid, Social Security, and Supplemental Security Income - have come to deliver disproportionately larger lifetime benefits to higher-income people because, on average, they are increasingly collecting those benefits over more years than others. This report studies the impact the growing gap in life expectancy has on the present value of lifetime benefits that people with higher or lower earnings will receive from major entitlement programs. The analysis presented in The Growing Gap in Life Expectancy by Income goes beyond an examination of the existing literature by providing the first comprehensive estimates of how lifetime benefits are affected by the changing distribution of life expectancy. The report also explores, from a lifetime benefit perspective, how the growing gap in longevity affects traditional policy analyses of reforms to the nation's leading entitlement programs. This in-depth analysis of the economic impacts of the longevity gap will inform debate and assist decision makers, economists, and researchers.
Book Synopsis Tax Policy for Aging Societies by : A Okamoto
Download or read book Tax Policy for Aging Societies written by A Okamoto and published by . This book was released on 2004-09-28 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a population that is aging faster than any other in the world, Japan faces serious public finance problems, particularly when it comes to tax and social security issues. The structural reforms that are urgently needed to accommodate the impending demographic change are the central theme of this book, which is the first work of its type to look at the Japanese tax and social security systems through a life-cycle general equilibrium simulation model. The author aims to establish guidelines for fiscal reform in Japan's graying society and uses such advanced modeling techniques to permit the calculation of the effects of alternative tax policies on capital accumulation and economic welfare. The author also examines the impact of progressive expenditure taxation, coming to the novel conclusion that this form of taxation may hold the key to overcoming the large welfare loss Japan faces as its society ages under the current tax system.
Book Synopsis Who Will Pay? Coping with Aging Societies, Climate Change, and Other Long-Term Fiscal Challenges by : Mr.Peter S. Heller
Download or read book Who Will Pay? Coping with Aging Societies, Climate Change, and Other Long-Term Fiscal Challenges written by Mr.Peter S. Heller and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2003-11-05 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aging populations. Weather shocks. Scarce water. Globalization. Security threats. Policymakers today confront a number of developments that threaten to burden public budgets for decades to come, or bankrupt some entirely. This book argues that governments need to make policy changes now to take account of the potential fiscal consequences of these developments. After describing how, if at all, analysts, national governments, and international organizations currently address these long-term issues, the book stresses the vital need for a multipronged approach, involving strengthened analyses, greater attention to long-term issues and risk factors in budgeting, and institutional reforms that address the myopic biases of politicians and the public.
Book Synopsis Fiscal Implications of an Aging Population by : Dieter Bös
Download or read book Fiscal Implications of an Aging Population written by Dieter Bös and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Serious research into the causes and implications of an aging population is a relatively recent phenomenon. Though several relevant issues of aging havereceived considerable attention in public and political discussions (especially in European countries and in Japan), the economics profession is somewhat lacking behind. This is particularly true for thetheoretical underpinnings of the economics of population aging. Until now, the aging-debate is primarily led by institutionalists. The present book with its analytical and econometric studies on fiscal implications of population aging is an important step in the process of theoretical analysis of aging. It is of interest both for population economists (and demographers) and for public economists - providing a bridge between these areas of research.
Book Synopsis Fiscal Accountability and Population Aging by : Robert L. Clark
Download or read book Fiscal Accountability and Population Aging written by Robert L. Clark and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2021-04-30 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on the developing economic challenges confronting Korea and the US in response to the aging of their populations, this timely book examines how public policies are evolving in light of demographic changes, the impact of aging on governmental expenditures, and transitions in the labor force associated with aging.
Book Synopsis Policies for an Aging Society by : Stuart H. Altman
Download or read book Policies for an Aging Society written by Stuart H. Altman and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2002-07-26 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zeldes, Columbia University.--Robert B. Hudson, Boston University "Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law"
Book Synopsis Economic Policy for Aging Societies by : Horst Siebert
Download or read book Economic Policy for Aging Societies written by Horst Siebert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-08-02 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume, economists discuss the long-run consequences of aging societies. Using theoretical economic models, long-term projections and simulations, and econometric analysis, answers to the following questions are given: What are the economic consequences for consumption patterns, the supply of labor, capital accumulation, productivity, and the international flow of capital? Where are the political consequences for pension systems, health care and immigration policy? And what changes in politics are needed to handle the issues of populations that age markedly?
Book Synopsis Aging and the Macroeconomy by : National Research Council
Download or read book Aging and the Macroeconomy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-01-10 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is in the midst of a major demographic shift. In the coming decades, people aged 65 and over will make up an increasingly large percentage of the population: The ratio of people aged 65+ to people aged 20-64 will rise by 80%. This shift is happening for two reasons: people are living longer, and many couples are choosing to have fewer children and to have those children somewhat later in life. The resulting demographic shift will present the nation with economic challenges, both to absorb the costs and to leverage the benefits of an aging population. Aging and the Macroeconomy: Long-Term Implications of an Older Population presents the fundamental factors driving the aging of the U.S. population, as well as its societal implications and likely long-term macroeconomic effects in a global context. The report finds that, while population aging does not pose an insurmountable challenge to the nation, it is imperative that sensible policies are implemented soon to allow companies and households to respond. It offers four practical approaches for preparing resources to support the future consumption of households and for adapting to the new economic landscape.
Book Synopsis Social Policy, Social Ethics, and the Aging Society by : Bernice L. Neugarten
Download or read book Social Policy, Social Ethics, and the Aging Society written by Bernice L. Neugarten and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Societal Aging by : Alan J. Auerbach
Download or read book Societal Aging written by Alan J. Auerbach and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Political Economy of Population Aging by : Kimiko Terai
Download or read book The Political Economy of Population Aging written by Kimiko Terai and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-21 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book integrates the economics of aging and insight based on political economy and explores generational conflict in the context of governmental spending. This problem is general, as the Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted: lockdowns protect the elderly, but hurt the young. Policies to address global warming impose taxes on the elderly, but would bring benefits largely in the future. This book addresses intergenerational problems by placing its focus on budget allocation, taxation, and regulation. By using Japanese and US data, the authors conduct statistical analysis of whether regions with aging populations may adopt policies that generate benefits during a short period of time instead of policies that could benefit current young generations for an extended period of time. If the policy preferences of voters depend on their age, and if policy adoption by a government reflects public opinion, the change in demographic composition in a region may affect governmental policies. In an aged society, the elderly are pivotal voters. Budgets may be reallocated from policies favored by younger generations, such as education, to policies the elderly prefer, such as welfare programs. This generates an intergenerational externality problem: voters with short life expectancy do not take into consideration long-term benefits. Moreover, the current tax bases may be replaced by other tax bases that do not harm the elderly. The results reported in the book largely support these hypotheses. Evidence also shows that the gender and racial composition and institutional factors, including the extent of fiscal decentralization, are important in anticipating effects of population aging in other countries.
Book Synopsis Quantifying Impact of Aging Population on Fiscal Space by : Mr.Seok Gil Park
Download or read book Quantifying Impact of Aging Population on Fiscal Space written by Mr.Seok Gil Park and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-06-01 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper quantitatively investigates how population aging trend affects fiscal space measured as unused revenue generating capacity by utilizing a standard neoclassical growth model. A calibration exercise for G-7 countries shows that France, Germany and Italy suffer greater revenue impact from a given reduction in hours worked due to their larger government expenditure. Corrective measures such as pension reform and flexible expenditure policy would be required in order to mitigate the impact of aging on fiscal space.
Book Synopsis The Aging Population and the Size of the Welfare State by : Assaf Razin
Download or read book The Aging Population and the Size of the Welfare State written by Assaf Razin and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2001 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data for the United States and countries in Western Europe indicate a negative correlation between the dependency ratio and labor tax rates and the generosity of social transfers, after controlling for other factors that influence the size of the welfare state. This is despite the increased political clout of the dependent population implied by the aging of the population. This paper develops an overlapping generations model of intra-and inter-generational transfers (including old-age social security) and human capital formation which addresses this seeming puzzle. We show that with democratic voting, an increase in the dependency ratio can lead to lower taxes or less generous social transfers.
Book Synopsis Population Aging and the Generational Economy by : Ronald Demos Lee
Download or read book Population Aging and the Generational Economy written by Ronald Demos Lee and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'While there already exists a crowded body of publications addressing the effect of an aging population on the economy, this monograph is most outstanding in presenting a global, in-depth analysis of the implications thereby generated for 23 developed and developing countries. . . Scholars, researchers, and practitioners everywhere will benefit immensely from this comprehensive work.' – H.I. Liebling, Choice 'Ron Lee and Andrew Mason's Population Aging and the Generational Economy is a demographic and economic tour-de-force. Their collaborative, intercontinental. . . study of aging, consumption, labor supply, saving, and private and public transfers is the place to go to understand global aging and its myriad and significant economic challenges and opportunities.' – Laurence Kotlikoff, Boston University, US 'The culmination of. . . work by Lee, Mason, and their collaborators from around the world to extend Samuelson's framework to accommodate realistic demography, empirical measurement of age-specific earnings, consumption, tax payments, and benefit receipts, the studies. . . demonstrate the power of this integrated economic-demographic framework to advance our understanding of critical public policy challenges faced by countries at different stages of demographic transition and population aging.' – Robert Willis, University of Michigan, US 'Lee and Mason have done scholars and practitioners a magnificent service by undertaking this comprehensive, compelling, and supremely innovative examination of the economic consequences of changes in population age structure. The book is a bona fide crystal ball. It will be a MUST READ for the next decade!' – David Bloom, Harvard School of Public Health, US 'Population Aging and the Generational Economy provides an encompassing account of what we know about population aging and the impact that this process will have on our economies. It does not confine itself to the advanced industrial countries, where aging has already been largely studied, but adopts a truly global perspective. I am sure it will become a key reference for researchers, students and those involved in policy-making in areas that are affected by population aging.' – Giuliano Bonoli, Swiss Graduate School of Public Administration (IDHEAP), Switzerland Over coming decades, changes in population age structure will have profound implications for the macroeconomy, influencing economic growth, generational equity, human capital, saving and investment, and the sustainability of public and private transfer systems. How the future unfolds will depend on key actors in the generational economy: governments, families, financial institutions, and others. This path-breaking book provides a comprehensive analysis of the macroeconomic effects of changes in population age structure across the globe. The result of a substantial seven-year research project involving over 50 economists and demographers from Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, and the United States, the book draws on a new and comprehensive conceptual framework – National Transfer Accounts – to quantify the economic lifecycle and economic flows across generations. It presents comprehensive estimates of both public and private economic flows between generations, and emphasizes the global nature of changes in population age structure that are affecting rich and poor countries alike. This unique and informative book will prove an invaluable reference tool for a wide-ranging audience encompassing students, researchers, and academics in fields such as demography, aging, public finance, economic development, macroeconomics, gerontology, and national income accounting; for policy-makers and advisers focusing on areas of the public sector such as education, health, pensions, other social security programs, tax policy, and public debt; and for policy analysts at international agencies such as the World Bank, the IMF, and the UN.
Book Synopsis An Aging World by : Kevin G. Kinsella
Download or read book An Aging World written by Kevin G. Kinsella and published by Bureau of Census. This book was released on 2001 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides statistical information on the worldwide population of people 65 years old or older.
Book Synopsis Public Policy and the Aging by : William W. Lammers
Download or read book Public Policy and the Aging written by William W. Lammers and published by Washington, D.C. : CQ Press. This book was released on 1983 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Public policy areas that affect the aging in complex ways are examined and assessed for policy analysts and decision makers. The relevant issues caused by shifts in federal and state government roles are considered. The tension between means and incomes for current and future programs affecting the aging, the special problems of older women, the hospice movement, safer environments, the aging as consumers, and the consequences of inflation are all analyzed. Specific topics include policy making factors, social security, employment, retirement and pension policies, health and long-term care policies, including medicaid and medicare, social services, and housing policies. The effects of policies of the 1980s and the future on the US aging population are discussed. Major programs affecting the aging are extensively analyzed and alternatives are considered. A glossary and bibliography are appended. (wz).
