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Tariff Reductions Entry And Welfare
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Book Synopsis Tariff Reductions, Entry, and Welfare by : Lorenzo Caliendo
Download or read book Tariff Reductions, Entry, and Welfare written by Lorenzo Caliendo and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tariffs have fallen significantly around the globe over the last two decades. Yet very little is known about the trade, entry, and welfare effects generated by this unprecedented shift in trade policy. We use a heterogeneous-firm quantitative trade model to study the effects of observed changes in trade policy. Importantly, in our model, tariffs affect the entry decision of firms across markets, a channel that has been unduly overlooked in the literature. We first show how trade policy influences entry and selection of firms into markets. We then use a new tariff dataset, and apply a 189-country, 15-sector version of our model, to quantify the trade, entry, and welfare effects of trade liberalization over the period 1990-2010. We find that the impact on firm entry was larger in Advanced relative to Emerging markets; that more than 90% of the gains from trade are a consequence of the reductions in MFN tariffs (the Uruguay Round); that PTAs have not contributed much to the overall gains from trade; and that, with the exception of a few Emerging and Developing countries, most countries do not gain much (and some lose) from a move to complete free trade under zero tariffs.
Book Synopsis Tariff Reduction, Entry, and Welfare by :
Download or read book Tariff Reduction, Entry, and Welfare written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Welfare and Market Access Effects of Piecemeal Tariff Reform by : Jiandong Ju
Download or read book Welfare and Market Access Effects of Piecemeal Tariff Reform written by Jiandong Ju and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Welfare Effects of Tariff Reduction Formulas by : Jan Guldager Jørgensen
Download or read book Welfare Effects of Tariff Reduction Formulas written by Jan Guldager Jørgensen and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations rely on tariff reduction formulas. Formula approaches are of increasing importance in trade talks, because of the large number of countries involved, the wider dispersion in initial tariffs (e.g. tariff peaks), and gaps between bound and applied tariff rates. This paper presents a two country intra-industry trade model with heterogeneous firms subject to high and low tariffs. We examine the welfare effects of applying three different tariff reduction formulas discussed in the literature that were used and proposed in previous and current General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)/WTO negotiations (1) a proportional cut, (2) the Swiss formula and (3) a tiered formula. No single formula dominates for all conditions. The ranking of the three tools depends on the degree of product differentiation in the industry and the achieved reduction in the average tariff.
Book Synopsis Welfare Effects on the United States of a Significant Multilateral Tariff Reduction by : Robert E. Baldwin
Download or read book Welfare Effects on the United States of a Significant Multilateral Tariff Reduction written by Robert E. Baldwin and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Welfare Vs. Market Access by : James E. Anderson
Download or read book Welfare Vs. Market Access written by James E. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "We show that the effects of tariff changes on welfare and import volume can be fully characterized by their effects on the generalized mean and variance of the tariff distribution. Using these tools, we derive new results for welfare- and market-access-improving tariff changes, which imply two 'cones of liberalization' in price space. Because welfare is negatively but import volume positively related to the generalized variance, the cones do not intersect, which poses a dilemma for trade policy reform. Finally, we show that generalized and trade-weighted moments are mutually proportional when the trade expenditure function is CES"--NBER website
Book Synopsis Three Essays on the Possibility of Welfare-reducing Trade by : Albert Chen Hsu
Download or read book Three Essays on the Possibility of Welfare-reducing Trade written by Albert Chen Hsu and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Domestic Entry, International Trade Cost Reduction and Welfare by : Sugata Marjit
Download or read book Domestic Entry, International Trade Cost Reduction and Welfare written by Sugata Marjit and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Optimal Degree of Reciprocity in Tariff Reduction by : Pao-Li Chang
Download or read book The Optimal Degree of Reciprocity in Tariff Reduction written by Pao-Li Chang and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper characterizes the optimal reciprocal trade policy in the environment of Melitz (2003) with firm productivity heterogeneity. In particular, without making parametric assumptions on firm productivity distribution, this paper derives the optimal degree of reciprocal tariff reductions that maximize the world welfare. A reciprocal import subsidy raises the industry productivity, lowering aggregate price; a reciprocal import tariff helps correct the markup distortion, increasing nominal income. With all the conflicting effects of import tariffs on welfare considered, the optimal degree of reciprocity in multilateral tariff reduction is shown to be free trade.
Book Synopsis The Employment and Welfare Effects of Foreign Trade Policy by : John Harmon Mutti
Download or read book The Employment and Welfare Effects of Foreign Trade Policy written by John Harmon Mutti and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Clashing Over Commerce by : Douglas A. Irwin
Download or read book Clashing Over Commerce written by Douglas A. Irwin and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2017-11-29 with total page 873 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Foreign Affairs Best Book of the Year: “Tells the history of American trade policy . . . [A] grand narrative [that] also debunks trade-policy myths.” —Economist Should the United States be open to commerce with other countries, or should it protect domestic industries from foreign competition? This question has been the source of bitter political conflict throughout American history. Such conflict was inevitable, James Madison argued in the Federalist Papers, because trade policy involves clashing economic interests. The struggle between the winners and losers from trade has always been fierce because dollars and jobs are at stake: depending on what policy is chosen, some industries, farmers, and workers will prosper, while others will suffer. Douglas A. Irwin’s Clashing over Commerce is the most authoritative and comprehensive history of US trade policy to date, offering a clear picture of the various economic and political forces that have shaped it. From the start, trade policy divided the nation—first when Thomas Jefferson declared an embargo on all foreign trade and then when South Carolina threatened to secede from the Union over excessive taxes on imports. The Civil War saw a shift toward protectionism, which then came under constant political attack. Then, controversy over the Smoot-Hawley tariff during the Great Depression led to a policy shift toward freer trade, involving trade agreements that eventually produced the World Trade Organization. Irwin makes sense of this turbulent history by showing how different economic interests tend to be grouped geographically, meaning that every proposed policy change found ready champions and opponents in Congress. Deeply researched and rich with insight and detail, Clashing over Commerce provides valuable and enduring insights into US trade policy past and present. “Combines scholarly analysis with a historian’s eye for trends and colorful details . . . readable and illuminating, for the trade expert and for all Americans wanting a deeper understanding of America’s evolving role in the global economy.” —National Review “Magisterial.” —Foreign Affairs
Book Synopsis The Welfare Effect of Tariff Rate Reductions in a Many Country World by : Tatsuo Hatta
Download or read book The Welfare Effect of Tariff Rate Reductions in a Many Country World written by Tatsuo Hatta and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tariff Reductions Under the Tokyo Round by : Mordechai Elihau Kreinin
Download or read book Tariff Reductions Under the Tokyo Round written by Mordechai Elihau Kreinin and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis MFN Tariff Reductions and Developing Country Trade Benefits Under the GSP by : Robert E. Baldwin
Download or read book MFN Tariff Reductions and Developing Country Trade Benefits Under the GSP written by Robert E. Baldwin and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Essays on Trade and Welfare by : Yuan Tian
Download or read book Essays on Trade and Welfare written by Yuan Tian and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My dissertation contributes towards our understanding of effects of trade liberalization on institutional, economic and environmental outcomes. It consists of three chapters. The first, ``International Trade Liberalization and Domestic Institutional Reform: Effects of WTO Accession on Chinese Internal Migration Policy" studies the effect of trade liberalization on migration regulations. I study how trade affects labor institutions in the context of China?s Hukou system that regulates internal migration. Chinese local governments were allowed to relax internal migration restrictions after China entered the WTO in 2001. I collect a new dataset on Chinese prefecture-level migration regulations that shows each region?s friendliness to migrant workers. Using these data, I document an increase in pro-migrant regulation around the time of WTO entry. I then consider the role of international trade in triggering this increase by estimating the impact of prefecture-level export and import shocks on migration regulations across 250 Chinese prefectures from 2001 to 2007. I find a positive and significant impact of export shocks on regulations that encourage in-migration. 17% of the impact of export shocks on migration and 9%-15% of their impact on growth operated through changes in regulation. In my second chapter, ``Was Entry into the WTO Worth it: Environmental Consequences of Trade Liberalization'', I document that despite the enormous economic benefits from China's accession to the WTO in 2001, the overall welfare gains from trade liberalization may be compromised since pollution from production has also increased. Using plausibly exogenous tariff reductions on Chinese goods caused by the WTO accession, variation in industry composition across cities and variation in pollution intensity levels across industries, I study the effect of trade liberalization on income, pollution, and health in China from 2000 to 2005. Using regional tariff shocks as instruments for changes in income and pollution levels, I show that cities which faced a 10% larger GDP per capita increase experienced a 6%-7% larger total mortality rate decline, and regions that faced a 10% larger increase in air pollution levels experienced a 4%-13% larger total mortality rate increase. Overall, if all exports were generated from non-polluting industries, the total mortality rate would have declined by 3.6% more. However, in terms of overall welfare, the gains from income growth outweigh losses from increases in pollution levels. In the third and last chapter, ``Hukou and Labor Misallocation in China", I propose to quantify the changes in misallocation cost due to the Hukou reform. The Hukou system impedes labor mobility across regions, and the marginal productivity of labor may not be equalized spatially. Following Hsieh and Moretti (2017), I plan to use a general equilibrium Rosen-Roback model to measure the effect of Hukou regulations on aggregate growth.
Book Synopsis Tariff reduction scenarios by : Ralph G. Lattimore
Download or read book Tariff reduction scenarios written by Ralph G. Lattimore and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Commercial Policy written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-11-02 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Commercial Policy explores three main topics that permeate the study of commercial policy. The first section presents a broad set of basic empirical facts regarding the pattern and evolution of commercial policy, with the second section investigating the crosscutting legal issues relating to the purpose and design of agreements. Final sections cover key issues of commercial policy in the modern global economy. Every chapter in the book provides coverage from the perspectives of multilateral, and where appropriate, preferential trade agreements. While most other volumes are policy-oriented, this comprehensive guide explores the ways that intellectual thinking and rigor organize research, further making frontier-level synthesis and current theoretical, and empirical, research accessible to all. Covers the research areas that are critical for understanding how the world of commercial policy has changed, especially over the last 20 years Presents the way in which research on the topic has evolved Scrutinizes the economic modeling of bargaining and legal issues Useful for examining the theory and empirics of commercial policy
