Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Systematic Analysis Of The Crystal Structure Chemical Ordering And Microstructure Of Ni Mn Ga Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys
Download Systematic Analysis Of The Crystal Structure Chemical Ordering And Microstructure Of Ni Mn Ga Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Systematic Analysis Of The Crystal Structure Chemical Ordering And Microstructure Of Ni Mn Ga Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Systematic Analysis of the Crystal Structure, Chemical Ordering, and Microstructure of Ni-Mn-Ga Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys by : Marc Louis Richard
Download or read book Systematic Analysis of the Crystal Structure, Chemical Ordering, and Microstructure of Ni-Mn-Ga Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys written by Marc Louis Richard and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (cont.) The microstructure of several different Ni-Mn-Ga alloys was analyzed using transmission electron microscopy providing new microstructural data that has not been shown elsewhere. The superstructures of the different compositions has been confirmed, complementing the x-ray measurements. A hierarchal twin structure has been observed along with several second-phase particles resulting from impurities. The composition and source of the impurities has been analyzed. The twin-boundary pinning strength of the second phase particles has been estimated using the Orowan approach. This information can be used to understand why certain crystals with weak pinning sites show field-induced strain while others with very strong defect strengths do not show any actuation under an applied magnetic field.
Book Synopsis Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Applications by : J. Ping Liu
Download or read book Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Applications written by J. Ping Liu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-04-05 with total page 731 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Applications covers exciting new developments in the field of advanced magnetic materials. Readers will find valuable reviews of the current experimental and theoretical work on novel magnetic structures, nanocomposite magnets, spintronic materials, domain structure and domain-wall motion, in addition to nanoparticles and patterned magnetic recording media. Cutting-edge applications in the field are described by leading experts from academic and industrial communities. These include new devices based on domain wall motion, magnetic sensors derived from both giant and tunneling magnetoresistance, thin film devices in micro-electromechanical systems, and nanoparticle applications in biomedicine. In addition to providing an introduction to the advances in magnetic materials and applications at the nanoscale, this volume also presents emerging materials and phenomena, such as magnetocaloric and ferromagnetic shape memory materials, which motivate future development in this exciting field. Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Applications also features a foreword written by Peter Grünberg, recipient of the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Book Synopsis Study on Crystallographic Features of Ni-Mn-Ga Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys by : Zongbin Li
Download or read book Study on Crystallographic Features of Ni-Mn-Ga Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys written by Zongbin Li and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work, the crystallographic features of martensites in Ni-Mn-Ga alloys were detailed studied. By using superstructure information for EBSD mapping on 5M martensite in Ni50Mn28Ga22 alloy and 7M martensite in Ni50Mn30Ga20 alloy, the crystal structures were confirmed and the variant number, twin orientation relationships of adjacent variants and twin interface planes were unambiguously determined. Based on the accurate orientation data of martensite variants, the transformation ORs for austenite-5M and austenite-7M were indirectly determined with no presence of initial austenite. For the NM martensite of Ni54Mn24Ga22, the nano-scale twin lamellae in martensitic plates were revealed, and the inter-plate interfaces and inter-lamellar interfaces were analyzed. In a Ni53Mn22Ga25 alloy with co-existence of austenite and martensite at room temperature, the formation of characteristic diamond-like martensite microstructure with four variants during the austenite-7M martensite transformation was evidenced. The 7M martensite occurs on cooling as a thermodynamically metastable phase that is intermediate between the parent austenite and the final NM martensite. 7M martensite possesses an independent crystal structure, rather than the nanotwin combination of normal non-modulated martensite. The role of 7M martensite in the transformation from the cubic austenite to the tetragonal NM martensite has been clarified, which is at the request of mitigating the large lattice mismatch between the cubic austenite and the tetragonal NM martensite and avoiding the formation of the incoherent NM plate interfaces that represent insurmountable energy barrier.
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 846 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characterization and Modeling of the Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy Ni-Mn-Ga for Sensing and Actuation by : Neelesh Nandkumar Sarawate
Download or read book Characterization and Modeling of the Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy Ni-Mn-Ga for Sensing and Actuation written by Neelesh Nandkumar Sarawate and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys (FSMAs) in the Ni-Mn-Ga system are a recent class of active materials that can generate magnetic field induced strains of 10% by twin-variant rearrangement. This work details an extensive analytical and experimental investigation of commercial single-crystal Ni-Mn-Ga under quasi-static and dynamic conditions with a view to exploring the material's sensing and actuation applications. The sensing effect of Ni-Mn-Ga is experimentally characterized by measuring the flux density and stress as a function of quasi-static strain loading at various fixed magnetic fields. The bias field is shown to mark the transition from irreversible to reversible (pseudoelastic) stress-strain behavior. A constitutive model based on continuum thermodynamics is developed to describe the coupled magnetomechanical behavior of Ni-Mn-Ga. Mechanical dissipation and the microstructure of Ni-Mn-Ga are incorporated through internal state variables. The constitutive response of the material is obtained by restricting the process through the second law of thermodynamics. The model is further modified to describe the actuation and blocked-force behavior under a unified framework.
Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Crystallographic Study on Ni-Mn-Sn Metamagnetic Shape Memory Alloys by : Chunqing Lin
Download or read book Crystallographic Study on Ni-Mn-Sn Metamagnetic Shape Memory Alloys written by Chunqing Lin and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Being a novel magnetic shape memory material, Ni-Mn-Sn based alloy systems possess multiple physical properties, such as shape memory effect of polycrystalline alloys, giant magnetocaloric effect, large magnetoresistance effect and exchange bias effect. So far, most studies have been focused on the improvement of the multifunctionalities of these alloys, but the fundamental information which is highly associated with these properties is still unclear. Thus, a thorough study on the crystal structures of martensite and austenite, microstructural and crystallographic features of martensitic transformation has been conducted in the present PhD work. The austenite of Ni50Mn37.5Sn12.5 was confirmed to possess a L21 cubic structure (Fm"3" ̅m, No.225). The lattice parameter of austenite in Ni50Mn37.5Sn12.5 is aA=5.9813 Å. The martensite possesses a four-layered orthorhombic (4O) structure (Pmma, No.51). The lattice parameters of martensite in Ni50Mn38Sn12 and Ni50Mn37.5Sn12.5 are a4O = 8.6068 Å; b4O = 5.6226 Å and c4O = 4.3728 Å, and a4O = 8.6063 Å, b4O = 5.6425 Å, and c4O = 4.3672Å, respectively. The 4O Ni-Mn-Sn martensite exhibits a hierarchically twinned microstructure. The martensite is organized into broad plates in the original austenite grain. The plates contain irregularly shaped colonies with two characteristic microstructural patterns: classical lamellar pattern and herring-bone pattern. In each colony, there are four orientation variants (A, B, C and D) and they form three types of twins (Type I, Type II and compound twin). The interfaces between the corresponding variants are in coincidence with their twinning plane K1. The interface planes of the compound twin pairs A-D and B-C can have one or two different orientations, which leads to the two microstructural patterns. The corresponding variants in the neighboring colonies within one broad plate (intra plate colonies) possess close orientations and colony boundary is curved, whereas the inter plate colony boundary is relatively straight. The Pitsch OR, specified as "{1 0 1}" A//"{2 " "2" ̅" " "1" ̅"}" 4O and "1 0 " "1" ̅"" A//"" "1" ̅" " "2" ̅" 2" 4O, was uniquely determined to be an effective OR between the cubic austenite and 4O modulated martensite. Under this OR, 24 variants can be generated within one austenite grain. Such 24 variants are organized into 6 groups and each group corresponds to a martensite colony. The finely twinned martensite structure (sandwich microstructure) is the basic microstructural constitute produced by martensitic transformation. Such a structure ensures an invariant phase interface (habit plane) for the transformation. During the transformation, martensite variants are organized into diamond shaped clusters composed of variant colonies and with wedge shaped structures at the transformation front. Each wedge is composed of two sandwich structures separating by a midrib plane {1 0 1}A. The variant pairs in each wedge should have the same twin type with either Type I or Type II relation to ensure good geometrical compatibilities of the variants at phase interface and at the midrib plane. Within the diamonds, colonies are separated by step-like boundaries with low interfacial energy that evolve into the intra plate colony boundaries and by straight boundaries that become the inter plate colony boundaries. The diamonds elongates along the direction nearly paralleled to the midrib planes of the wedges and plate shape of martensite is finally formed. Such features of the diamond structure in Ni-Mn-Sn alloys are realized by self-accommodation of transformation strains for energy minimization. The present work provides comprehensive microstructural and crystallographic information on martensite and on martensitic transforamtion of Ni-Mn-Sn alloys and it is useful for understanding their multi functionalities associated with martensitic transformation and helpful on property optimization.
Book Synopsis Study on Structural, Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Ni-Mn-Ga and Ni-Mn-In Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy Systems by : Jing Bai
Download or read book Study on Structural, Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Ni-Mn-Ga and Ni-Mn-In Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy Systems written by Jing Bai and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (FSMAs) are novel smart materials which exhibit magnetic field induced strains of up to 10 %. As such they have potential for many technological applications. Also, the strong magnetostructural couplings of the FMSM effect make the phenomenon very interesting from a scientific point of view. In the present work, a series of first-principles calculations have been performed within the framework of the Density Functional Theory (DFT) using the Vienna Ab initio Software Package (VASP). In the stoichiometric Ni2XY (X=Mn, Fe, Co; Y=Ga, In) alloys, lattice parameters, atomic separations, total and partial magnetic moments decrease gradually with the increase in the X atomic number; whereas the bulk modulus displays an opposite tendency. The formation energy indicates a destabilization tendency if Mn is substituted by Fe or Co, or Ga is replaced by In. The strong bond between neighboring Ni atoms in Ni2MnGa is replaced by the bond between Ni and X atoms in other alloys. For the off-stoichiometric Ni2XY (X=Mn, Fe, Co; Y=Ga, In), the formation energies of several kinds of defects (atomic exchange, antisite, vacancy) were calculated. For most cases of the site occupation, the excess atoms of the rich component directly occupy the site(s) of the deficient one(s), except for Y-rich Ni-deficient composition. In the latter case, the defect pair (YX + XNi) is energetically more favorable. The value of Ni magnetic moment sensitively depends on the distance between Ni and X atoms. The effects of Co addition on the properties of Ni8-xMn4Ga4Cox (x=0-2) FSMAs were systematically investigated. The added Co atoms preferentially occupy the Ni sites. The calculated formation energies indicate a structural instability with the increase in the Co content for both paramagnetic (PA) and ferromagnetic austenite (FA). The total energy difference between PA and FA increases, which results in the rise of Tc when Ni is replaced by Co. Insights into fundamental aspects such as crystallography, phase stability, and electronic structure in Ni-X-Y (X=Mn, Fe, Co; Y=Ga, In) FSMAs are of great significance to improve the functional performances and to design new promising FSMAs.
Book Synopsis Advances in Magnetic Shape Memory Materials by : Volodymyr A. Chernenko
Download or read book Advances in Magnetic Shape Memory Materials written by Volodymyr A. Chernenko and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2011-05-17 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Special topic volume with invited peer reviewed papers only.
Book Synopsis Lattice Dynamics in Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy System Ni-Mn-Ga by : Semih Ener
Download or read book Lattice Dynamics in Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy System Ni-Mn-Ga written by Semih Ener and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Magneto-mechanical Properties and Applications of Ni-Mn-Ga Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy by : Steven James Murray
Download or read book Magneto-mechanical Properties and Applications of Ni-Mn-Ga Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy written by Steven James Murray and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characterization and Modeling of Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Ni-Mn-Ga in a Collinear Stress-field Configuration by : LeAnn Elizabeth Faidley
Download or read book Characterization and Modeling of Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Ni-Mn-Ga in a Collinear Stress-field Configuration written by LeAnn Elizabeth Faidley and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys (FSMAs) in the Nickel-Manganese-Gallium system have been shown to exhibit large magnetically induced strains of up to 9.5% due to magnetically driven twin variant reorientation. In order for these strains to be reversible, restoring stresses or magnetic fields need to be applied orthogonal to the drive field. This leads to a typical implementation of Ni Mn-Ga in applications involving the use of electromagnets, which tend to be heavy, bulky and narrowband. This dissertation presents the investigation of the behavior of Ni50]Mn2.--Ga21.3 in a unique configuration in which a magnetic field produced by a solenoid is applied along the axis of a cylindrical rod and the strain is measured collinearly to the field while axial loads are applied. A strain mechanism is proposed where imperfections and inclusions in the sample create internal stresses that provide the restoring forces while also limiting the maximum strain from the sample by limiting the motion of the twin boundaries. This mechanism explains the presence and reduced magnitude of the -0.41% quasi-static strain that has been measured in this sample in the collinear configuration. This dissertation also expands the experimental testing of Ni-Mn-Ga into the dynamic domain most usually found in applications through a set of swept-sine tests. These tests demonstrate a 250% shift of elastic modulus with applied dc bias field that makes these materials extremely promising for variable stiffness applications. Finally, this document presents a model for the strain of Ni-Mn-Ga. A Gibb's Free Energy approach is used to describe an idealized hysteresis kernel that does not account for the inhomogeneities in pinning site strength and internal field. A stochastic homogenization method is then implemented that estimates the inhomogeneities as probability distributions. The implementation and testing of this model is discussed in detail and results showing simulations that fall within 3% of the data are presented demonstrating the power of this method for future design and control of applications for Ni-Mn-Ga in solenoid based transducers.
Download or read book Materials Transactions written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1020 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Crystal and Magnetic Microstructure of Ni-Mn-Ga Alloys by : Yanling Ge
Download or read book The Crystal and Magnetic Microstructure of Ni-Mn-Ga Alloys written by Yanling Ge and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Giant Magnetostrictive Materials by : Göran Engdahl
Download or read book Handbook of Giant Magnetostrictive Materials written by Göran Engdahl and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-10-20 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Giant Magnetostrictive Materials contains the knowledge that a mechanical or an electrical engineer needs when considering the use of magnetostrictive materials in a construction project. The book covers the physical origin of giant magnetostriction, its manufacturing and metallurgy, and grain related processes under operation. Comprehensive descriptions of useful models of design methods and tools are given, including the performance of devices and systems comprised of magnetostrictive materials, considering the electrical, magnetic, mechanical, and thermal effects. The book covers all major characterization methods of giant magnetostrictive bulk materials, actuators, and systems. A structured inventory of current and emerging applications of giant magnetostrictive materials is given, covering areas such as sound and vibration sources, vibration control, motional control, material processing, and electromechanical converters. The final chapter offers an up-to-date review of the emerging giant magnetostrictive thin film technologies. The book also contains a market inventory with valuable contact information. Offers all necessary information for the reader to decide on the applicability of giant magnetostrictive material in a construction Allows readers to create their own computational design tools based on the model algorithms given in the book; specific programs are also proposed Gives the reader numerous pieces of advice and hints regarding the further details of construction design, pre-and detail engineering Provides the reader with information necessary to perform the needed experimental evaluation of materials and actuators in specific applications Guides the reader through current and potential areas of successful applications of giant magnetostrive materials Supplies the reader with the necessary contact information to act in the field of giant magnetostrictive materials applications
Download or read book Metals Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1076 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography written by Pierre Villars and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2012-12-21 with total page 1827 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By browsing about 10 000 000 scientific articles of over 200 major journals mainly in a 'cover to cover approach' some 200 000 publications were selected. The extracted data is part of the following fundamental material research fields: crystal structures (S), phase diagrams (also called constitution) (C) and the comprehensive field of intrinsic physical properties (P). This work has been done systematically starting with the literature going back to 1900. The above mentioned research field codes (S, C, P) as well as the chemical systems investigated in each publication were included in the present work. The aim of the Inorganic Substances Bibliography is to provide researchers with a comprehensive compilation of all up to now published scientific publications on inorganic systems in only three handy volumes.
