Synthesis Of Metal Oxide Semiconductor Nanostructures For Gas Sensors

Download Synthesis Of Metal Oxide Semiconductor Nanostructures For Gas Sensors full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Synthesis Of Metal Oxide Semiconductor Nanostructures For Gas Sensors ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Semiconducting Metal Oxides for Gas Sensing

Author : Yonghui Deng
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9819926211
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (199 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Semiconducting Metal Oxides for Gas Sensing by : Yonghui Deng

Download or read book Semiconducting Metal Oxides for Gas Sensing written by Yonghui Deng and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-08-23 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of this book focuses on the synthesis, design, and application of semiconducting metal oxides as gas sensing materials, including the gas sensing mechanism, and modification methods for sensing materials, while also providing a comprehensive introduction to semiconductor gas sensing devices. As an essential part of IoT (Internet of things), gas sensors have shown great significance and promising prospects. Therefore, studies on functional mesoporous metal oxides, one of the most important gas sensing materials based on their unique Knudsen diffusion behavior and tailored pore structure, have increasingly attracted attention from various disciplines. The book offers a valuable reference guide to metal oxide gas sensing materials for undergraduate and graduate students alike. It will also benefit all researchers who are involved in synthesis and gas sensing of metal oxides nanomaterials with relevant frontier theories and concepts. Engineers working on research and development of semiconductor gas sensors will also find some new ideas for sensor design.

Gas Sensors

Author : Sher Bahadar Khan
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1789851599
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (898 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Gas Sensors by : Sher Bahadar Khan

Download or read book Gas Sensors written by Sher Bahadar Khan and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-03-25 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the applications of nanomaterials in the fabrication of gas sensors. It covers recent developments of different materials used to design gas sensors, such as conducting polymers, semiconductors, as well as layered and nanosized materials. The widespread applications of various gas sensors for the detection of toxic gases are also discussed. The book provides a concise but thorough coverage of nanomaterials applications and utilization in gas sensors. In addition, it overviews recent developments in and the fabrication of gas sensors and their attributes for a broad audience, including beginners, graduate students, and specialists in both academic and industrial sectors.

Synthesis of Metal Oxide Semiconductor Nanostructures for Gas Sensors

Author : Nazar Shah
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (139 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Synthesis of Metal Oxide Semiconductor Nanostructures for Gas Sensors by : Nazar Shah

Download or read book Synthesis of Metal Oxide Semiconductor Nanostructures for Gas Sensors written by Nazar Shah and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a unique and important metal oxide semiconductor for its valuable and huge applications with wide band gap ( 3.37 eV) and most promising candidate for gas sensor due to its high surface-to-volume ratio, good biocompatibility, stability, and high electron mobility. Due these properties, metal oxide shows good crystallinity, higher carrier mobility, and good chemical and thermal stability at moderately high temperatures. In this chapter nanostructures have been investigated, main focus being their synthesis and sensing mechanism of different toxic chemicals, synthesized by thermal evaporation through vapor transport method using vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism. The doped ZnO nanobelts showed significant enhanced sensing properties at room temperature, indicating that doping is very much effective in improving the methane CH4 sensing of ZnO nanostructures. ZnO nanowires showed a remarkable sensing response toward acetone and CH4 gas.

Metal Oxide Nanostructures as Gas Sensing Devices

Author : G. Eranna
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1439863415
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Metal Oxide Nanostructures as Gas Sensing Devices by : G. Eranna

Download or read book Metal Oxide Nanostructures as Gas Sensing Devices written by G. Eranna and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal Oxide Nanostructures as Gas Sensing Devices explores the development of an integrated micro gas sensor that is based on advanced metal oxide nanostructures and is compatible with modern semiconductor fabrication technology. This sensor can then be used to create a compact, low-power, handheld device for analyzing air ambience.The book first c

Metal Oxide Semiconductors

Author : Zhigang Zang
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527352252
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Metal Oxide Semiconductors by : Zhigang Zang

Download or read book Metal Oxide Semiconductors written by Zhigang Zang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-12-11 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal Oxide Semiconductors Up-to-date resource highlighting highlights emerging applications of metal oxide semiconductors in various areas and current challenges and directions in commercialization Metal Oxide Semiconductors provides a current understanding of oxide semiconductors, covering fundamentals, synthesizing methods, and applications in diodes, thin-film transistors, gas sensors, solar cells, and more. The text presents state-of-the-art information along with fundamental prerequisites for understanding and discusses the current challenges in pursuing commercialization and future directions of this field. Despite rapid advancements in the materials science and device physics of oxide semiconductors over the past decade, the understanding of science and technology in this field remains incomplete due to its relatively short research history; this book aims to bridge the gap between the rapidly advancing research progress in this field and the demand for relevant materials and devices by researchers, engineers, and students. Written by three highly qualified authors, Metal Oxide Semiconductors discusses sample topics such as: Fabrication techniques and principles, covering vacuum-based methods, including sputtering, atomic layer deposition and evaporation, and solution-based methods Fundamentals, progresses, and potentials of p–n heterojunction diodes, Schottky diodes, metal-insulator-semiconductor diodes, and self-switching diodes Applications in thin-film transistors, detailing the current progresses and challenges towards commercialization for n-type TFTs, p-type TFTs, and circuits Detailed discussions on the working mechanisms and representative devices of oxide-based gas sensors, pressure sensors, and PH sensors Applications in optoelectronics, both in solar cells and ultraviolet photodetectors, covering their parameters, materials, and performance Memory applications, including resistive random-access memory, transistor-structured memory devices, transistor-structured artificial synapse, and optical memory transistors A comprehensive monograph covering all aspects of oxide semiconductors, Metal Oxide Semiconductors is an essential resource for materials scientists, electronics engineers, semiconductor physicists, and professionals in the semiconductor and sensor industries who wish to understand all modern developments that have been made in the field.

Metal Oxide Nanomaterials for Chemical Sensors

Author : Michael A. Carpenter
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 146145395X
Total Pages : 559 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Metal Oxide Nanomaterials for Chemical Sensors by : Michael A. Carpenter

Download or read book Metal Oxide Nanomaterials for Chemical Sensors written by Michael A. Carpenter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-09 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a state-of-the-art summary and critical analysis of work recently performed in leading research laboratories around the world on the implementation of metal oxide nanomaterial research methodologies for the discovery and optimization of new sensor materials and sensing systems. The book provides a detailed description and analysis of (i) metal oxide nanomaterial sensing principles, (ii) advances in metal oxide nanomaterial synthesis/deposition methods, including colloidal, emulsification, and vapor processing techniques, (iii) analysis of techniques utilized for the development of low temperature metal oxide nanomaterial sensors, thus enabling a broader impact into sensor applications, (iv) advances, challenges and insights gained from the in situ/ex situ analysis of reaction mechanisms, and (v) technical development and integration challenges in the fabrication of sensing arrays and devices.

Semiconductor Gas Sensors

Author : Raivo Jaaniso
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0081025602
Total Pages : 510 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Semiconductor Gas Sensors by : Raivo Jaaniso

Download or read book Semiconductor Gas Sensors written by Raivo Jaaniso and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2019-09-24 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiconductor Gas Sensors, Second Edition, summarizes recent research on basic principles, new materials and emerging technologies in this essential field. Chapters cover the foundation of the underlying principles and sensing mechanisms of gas sensors, include expanded content on gas sensing characteristics, such as response, sensitivity and cross-sensitivity, present an overview of the nanomaterials utilized for gas sensing, and review the latest applications for semiconductor gas sensors, including environmental monitoring, indoor monitoring, medical applications, CMOS integration and chemical warfare agents. This second edition has been completely updated, thus ensuring it reflects current literature and the latest materials systems and applications. Includes an overview of key applications, with new chapters on indoor monitoring and medical applications Reviews developments in gas sensors and sensing methods, including an expanded section on gas sensor theory Discusses the use of nanomaterials in gas sensing, with new chapters on single-layer graphene sensors, graphene oxide sensors, printed sensors, and much more

Metal Oxide Nanoparticles, 2 Volume Set

Author : Oliver Diwald
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119436745
Total Pages : 903 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (194 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Metal Oxide Nanoparticles, 2 Volume Set by : Oliver Diwald

Download or read book Metal Oxide Nanoparticles, 2 Volume Set written by Oliver Diwald and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-09-14 with total page 903 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal Oxide Nanoparticles A complete nanoparticle resource for chemists and industry professionals Metal oxide nanoparticles are integral to a wide range of natural and technological processes—from mineral transformation to electronics. Additionally, the fields of engineering, electronics, energy technology, and electronics all utilize metal oxide nanoparticle powders. Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Formation, Functional Properties, and Interfaces presents readers with the most relevant synthesis and formulation approaches for using metal oxide nanoparticles as functional materials. It covers common processing routes and the assessment of physical and chemical particle properties through comprehensive and complementary characterization methods. This book will serve as an introduction to nanoparticle formulation, their interface chemistry and functional properties at the nanoscale. It will also act as an in-depth resource, sharing detailed information on advanced approaches to the physical, chemical, surface, and interface characterization of metal oxide nanoparticle powders and dispersions. Addresses the application of metal oxide nanoparticles and its economic impact Examines particle synthesis, including the principles of selected bottom-up strategies Explores nanoparticle formulation—a selection of processing and application routes Discusses the significance of particle surfaces and interfaces on structure formation, stability and functional materials properties Covers metal oxide nanoparticle characterization at different length scales With this valuable resource, academic researchers, industrial chemists, and PhD students can all gain insight into the synthesis, properties, and applications of metal oxide nanoparticles.

1D Semiconducting Hybrid Nanostructures

Author : Arvind Kumar
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527837655
Total Pages : 373 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (278 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis 1D Semiconducting Hybrid Nanostructures by : Arvind Kumar

Download or read book 1D Semiconducting Hybrid Nanostructures written by Arvind Kumar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-12-05 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1D Semiconducting Hybrid Nanostructures In-depth discussion on the physics, chemistry, and engineering beneath the construction of 1D semiconducting hybrid materials 1D Semiconducting Hybrid Nanostructures: Synthesis and Applications in Gas Sensing and Optoelectronics provides breakthrough research developments and trends in a variety of 1D hybrid nanostructures for chemi-resistive gas sensors and optoelectronics applications, including recent investigations and developments regarding the innovative designing approaches, fabrications, and methods used to characterize these hybrid nanostructures. The text also includes the surface and interface properties of 1D hybrid semiconducting nanostructured materials, as well as their optimization for applications in gas sensing and optoelectronics. This book further addresses the different issues of sensitivity, selectivity, and operating temperature of gas sensors based on hybrid 1D nanostructures. Moreover, it covers the novel and additional functional optoelectronic properties that originate at the interface of 1D semiconducting nanostructures combined with other low dimensional materials. Some of the specific sample topics covered in this book include: Gas sensing and optoelectronic applications of one-dimensional semiconducting hybrid nanostructures, plus synthesis and gas sensing application of 1D semiconducting hybrid nanostructures Room temperature gas sensing properties of metal oxide nanowire/graphene hybrid structures and highly sensitive room temperature gas sensors based on organic-inorganic nanofibers Synthesis and applications of 1D hybrid tin oxide nanostructures and recent advances in semiconducting nanowires-based hybrid structures for solar application Types of semiconducting hybrid nanostructures for optoelectronic devices and hybrid 1D semiconducting ZnO/GaN nanostructures Thanks to its comprehensive coverage of the subject from highly qualified authors who have significant experience in the field, 1D Semiconducting Hybrid Nanostructures is a must-have reference for senior undergraduate and graduate students, professionals, researchers, in the field of semiconductor physics, materials science, surface science, and chemical engineering.

Metal Oxide Nanostructures

Author : Daniela Nunes
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 012811505X
Total Pages : 331 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Metal Oxide Nanostructures by : Daniela Nunes

Download or read book Metal Oxide Nanostructures written by Daniela Nunes and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-11-01 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal Oxide Nanostructures: Synthesis, Properties and Applications covers the theoretical and experimental aspects related to design, synthesis, fabrication, processing, structural, morphological, optical and electronic properties on the topic. In addition, it reviews surface functionalization and hybrid materials, focusing on the advantages of these oxide nanostructures. The book concludes with the current and future prospective applications of these materials. Users will find a complete overview of all the important topics related to oxide nanostructures, from the physics of the materials, to its application. Delves into hybrid structured metal oxides and their promising use in the next generation of electronic devices Includes fundamental chapters on synthesis design and the properties of metal oxide nanostructures Provides an in-depth overview of novel applications, including chromogenics, electronics and energy

Smart Nanostructure Materials and Sensor Technology

Author : Rakesh Kumar Sonker
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811926859
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (119 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Smart Nanostructure Materials and Sensor Technology by : Rakesh Kumar Sonker

Download or read book Smart Nanostructure Materials and Sensor Technology written by Rakesh Kumar Sonker and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-08-25 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the significance and usefulness of nanomaterials for the development of sensing devices and their real-life applications. The book also addresses various means of synthesizing 2D/3D nanomaterials, e.g., hydrothermal deposition process, electrospinning, Ostwald ripening, sputtering heterogeneous deposition, liquid-phase preparation, the vapor deposition approach, and aerosol flame synthesis. It presents an informative overview of the role of nanoscale materials in the development of advanced sensor devices at nanoscale and discusses the applications of nanomaterials in different forms prepared by diverse techniques in the field of optoelectronics and biomedical devices. Major features, such as type of nanomaterials, fabrication methods, applications, tasks, benefits and restrictions, and saleable features, are also covered.

MEMS and Nanotechnology for Gas Sensors

Author : Sunipa Roy
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1498700136
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis MEMS and Nanotechnology for Gas Sensors by : Sunipa Roy

Download or read book MEMS and Nanotechnology for Gas Sensors written by Sunipa Roy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How Can We Lower the Power Consumption of Gas Sensors? There is a growing demand for low-power, high-density gas sensor arrays that can overcome problems relative to high power consumption. Low power consumption is a prerequisite for any type of sensor system to operate at optimum efficiency. Focused on fabrication-friendly microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and other areas of sensor technology, MEMS and Nanotechnology for Gas Sensors explores the distinct advantages of using MEMS in low power consumption, and provides extensive coverage of the MEMS/nanotechnology platform for gas sensor applications. This book outlines the microfabrication technology needed to fabricate a gas sensor on a MEMS platform. It discusses semiconductors, graphene, nanocrystalline ZnO-based microfabricated sensors, and nanostructures for volatile organic compounds. It also includes performance parameters for the state of the art of sensors, and the applications of MEMS and nanotechnology in different areas relevant to the sensor domain. In addition, the book includes: An introduction to MEMS for MEMS materials, and a historical background of MEMS A concept for cleanroom technology The substrate materials used for MEMS Two types of deposition techniques, including chemical vapour deposition (CVD) The properties and types of photoresists, and the photolithographic processes Different micromachining techniques for the gas sensor platform, and bulk and surface micromachining The design issues of a microheater for MEMS-based sensors The synthesis technique of a nanocrystalline metal oxide layer A detailed review about graphene; its different deposition techniques; and its important electronic, electrical, and mechanical properties with its application as a gas sensor Low-cost, low-temperature synthesis techniques An explanation of volatile organic compound (VOC) detection and how relative humidity affects the sensing parameters MEMS and Nanotechnology for Gas Sensors provides a broad overview of current, emerging, and possible future MEMS applications. MEMS technology can be applied in the automotive, consumer, industrial, and biotechnology domains.

Fundamentals and Applications of Chemical Sensors

Author : Dennis Schuetzle
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Fundamentals and Applications of Chemical Sensors by : Dennis Schuetzle

Download or read book Fundamentals and Applications of Chemical Sensors written by Dennis Schuetzle and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the first comprehensive collection of articles on the fundamentals and applications of a wide variety of chemical sensors. Discusses a range of topics from the development of new sensor concepts to improvement in sensors that have been mass produced for several years. Specific types of sensors discussed include oxygen, electrochemical, microbial, drug, and glucose sensors.

Nanomaterials for Sensing and Optoelectronic Applications

Author : M. K. Jayaraj
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128242558
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Nanomaterials for Sensing and Optoelectronic Applications by : M. K. Jayaraj

Download or read book Nanomaterials for Sensing and Optoelectronic Applications written by M. K. Jayaraj and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-06-13 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomaterials for Sensing and Optoelectronic Applications explores recent trends in nanomaterials and devices for chemical and biosensing applications. The synthesis, properties and applications of metal oxide nanostructures, as well as two-dimensional layered materials are covered, along with the fabrication of optoelectronic devices, such as chemical sensors, biosensors, core-shell nanostructures-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates, luminescent nanoparticles, memory devices, and thin film transistors. Aiming at researchers in these respective areas, the fundamental principles and mechanisms of the optoelectronic phenomena behind every application mentioned are covered and comprehensively explored. The book will be helpful in solving problems related to the synthesis and growth of various nanostructures, the application of these materials for various devices, and to understand how a specific synthesis route promotes a specific application. Outlines the fundamental principles and mechanisms behind chemical sensing, bio-sensing, thin film transistor devices, and memory devices Offers a detailed description on the synthesis of 2D materials and oxide nanostructures, with thin films included Assesses the major properties of nanomaterials that make them good sensing agents

Chemically Deposited Nanocrystalline Metal Oxide Thin Films

Author : Fabian I. Ezema
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030684628
Total Pages : 926 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Chemically Deposited Nanocrystalline Metal Oxide Thin Films by : Fabian I. Ezema

Download or read book Chemically Deposited Nanocrystalline Metal Oxide Thin Films written by Fabian I. Ezema and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-26 with total page 926 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book guides beginners in the areas of thin film preparation, characterization, and device making, while providing insight into these areas for experts. As chemically deposited metal oxides are currently gaining attention in development of devices such as solar cells, supercapacitors, batteries, sensors, etc., the book illustrates how the chemical deposition route is emerging as a relatively inexpensive, simple, and convenient solution for large area deposition. The advancement in the nanostructured materials for the development of devices is fully discussed.

Gas Sensors

Author : G. Sberveglieri
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401127379
Total Pages : 413 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Gas Sensors by : G. Sberveglieri

Download or read book Gas Sensors written by G. Sberveglieri and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There were two reasons that induced me to plan and to organize this book, the first was the lack of a text entirely devoted to the subject of gas sensors, notwithstanding some books devoted to the various kind of chemical sensors have recently been published. The second reason was the need of introducing the basic topics of gas detection mechanisms to a growing number of researchers active in research and development laboratories of industries and uni versities. The field of chemical sensors is indeed in fast and consistent growth, as it is proved by the increased number of participants to the congresses that were recently held on this subject, namely the Third Meeting on Chemical Sensors (September 24 - 26, 1990, Cleveland), Transducers' 91 (June 24 - 27, 1991, S. Francisco) and EUROSENSORS V (September 30 - October 3, 1991, Rome). Therefore, this book is mainly intended as a reference text for researchers with a MS degree in physics, chemistry and electrical engineering; it reports the last progresses in the R. & D. and in the technology of gas sensors. I choose to deal specifically with the topic of gas sensors because these devices show a very large number of applications in the domestic and industrial field and they are characterized by a great effort of research and development.

Functional Nanomaterials

Author : Sabu Thomas
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811548102
Total Pages : 467 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Functional Nanomaterials by : Sabu Thomas

Download or read book Functional Nanomaterials written by Sabu Thomas and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-12 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-art in oxide nanostructures, carbon nanostructures and 2D materials fabrication. It covers mimicking of sensing mechanisms and applications in gas sensors. It focuses on gas sensors based on functional nanostructured materials, especially related to issues of sensitivity, selectivity, and temperature dependency for sensors. It covers synthesis, properties, and current gas sensing tools and discusses the necessity for miniaturized sensors. This book will be of use to senior undergraduate and graduate students, professionals, and researchers in the field of solid-state physics, materials science, surface science and chemical engineering.