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Synthesis Of Dimethyl Ether And Alternative Fuels In The Liquid Phase From Coal Derived Synthesis Gas Task 22
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Book Synopsis Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether and Alternative Fuels in the Liquid Phase from Coal-derived Synthesis Gas. Final Technical Report by :
Download or read book Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether and Alternative Fuels in the Liquid Phase from Coal-derived Synthesis Gas. Final Technical Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through the mid-1980s, Air Products has brought the liquid phase approach to a number of other synthesis gas reactions where effective heat management is a key issue. In 1989, in response to DOE's PRDA No. DE-RA22-88PC88805, Air Products proposed a research and development program entitled ''Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether and Alternative Fuels in the Liquid Phase from Coal Derived Syngas.'' The proposal aimed at extending the LPMEOH experience to convert coal-derived synthesis gas to other useful fuels and chemicals. The work proposed included development of a novel one-step synthesis of dimethyl ether (DME) from syngas, and exploration of other liquid phase synthesis of alternative fuel directly from syngas. The one-step DME process, conceived in 1986 at Air Products as a means of increasing syngas conversion to liquid products, envisioned the concept of converting product methanol in situ to DME in a single reactor. The slurry reactor based liquid phase technology is ideally suited for such an application, since the second reaction (methanol to DME) can be accomplished by adding a second catalyst with dehydration activity to the methanol producing reactor. An area of exploration for other alternative fuels directly from syngas was single-step slurry phase synthesis of hydrocarbons via methanol and DME as intermediates. Other possibilities included the direct synthesis of mixed alcohols and mixed ethers in a slurry reactor.
Book Synopsis Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether and Alternative Fuels in the Liquid Phase from Coal-derived Synthesis Gas. Task 2.2 by :
Download or read book Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether and Alternative Fuels in the Liquid Phase from Coal-derived Synthesis Gas. Task 2.2 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As part of the DOE-sponsored contract for the Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether (DME) and Alternative Fuels in the Liquid Phase from Coal- Derived Syngas, the single-step, slurry phase DME synthesis process was developed. The development involved screening of catalyst systems, process variable studies, and catalyst life studies in two 300 ml stirred autoclaves. As a spin-off of the Liquid Phase Methanol (LPMEOH*) process, the new process significantly improves the syngas conversion efficiency of the LPMEOH process. This improvement can be achieved by replacing a portion of methanol catalyst with a dehydration catalyst in the reactor, resulting in the product methanol being converted to DME, thus avoiding the thermodynamic equilibrium constraint of the methanol reaction. Overall, this increases syngas conversion per-pass. The selectivity and productivity of DME and methanol are affected by the catalyst system employed as well as operating conditions. A preferred catalyst system, consisting of a physical mixture of a methanol catalyst and a gamma alumina, was identified. An improvement of about 50% in methanol equivalent productivity was achieved compared to the LPMEOH process. Results from the process variable study indicate that higher pressure and CO2 removal benefit the process significantly. Limited life studies performed on the preferred catalyst system suggest somewhat higher than expected deactivation rate for the methanol catalyst. Several DME/methanol mixtures were measured for their key properties as transportation fuels. With small amounts of DME added, significant improvements in both flash points and Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) were observed over the corresponding values of methanol alone.
Book Synopsis Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether and Alternative Fuels in the Liquid Phase from Coal-derived Synthesis Gas. Task 3.2 by :
Download or read book Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether and Alternative Fuels in the Liquid Phase from Coal-derived Synthesis Gas. Task 3.2 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As part of the DOE-sponsored contract ''Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether and Alternative Fuels in the Liquid Phase from Coal-Derived Syngas'' experimental evaluations of the one-step synthesis of alternative fuels were carried out. The objective of this work was to develop novel processes for converting coal-derived syngas to fuels or fuel additives. Building on a technology base acquired during the development of the Liquid Phase Methanol (LPMEOH) process, this work focused on the development of slurry reactor based processes. The experimental investigations, which involved bench-scale reactor studies, focused primarily on three areas: (1) One-step, slurry-phase syngas conversion to hydrocarbons or methanol/hydrocarbon mixtures using a mixture of methanol synthesis catalyst and methanol conversion catalyst in the same slurry reactor. (2) Slurry-phase conversion of syngas to mixed alcohols using various catalysts. (3) One-step, slurry-phase syngas conversion to mixed ethers using a mixture of mixed alcohols synthesis catalyst and dehydration catalyst in the same slurry reactor. The experimental results indicate that, of the three types of processes investigated, slurry phase conversion of syngas to mixed alcohols shows the most promise for further process development. Evaluations of various mixed alcohols catalysts show that a cesium-promoted Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 methanol synthesis catalyst, developed in Air Products' laboratories, has the highest performance in terms of rate and selectivity for C{sub 2+}-alcohols. In fact, once-through conversion at industrially practical reaction conditions yielded a mixed alcohols product potentially suitable for direct gasoline blending. Moreover, an additional attractive aspect of this catalyst is its high selectivity for branched alcohols, potential precursors to iso-olefins for use in etherification.
Book Synopsis Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether and Alternative Fuels in the Liquid Phase from Coal-derived Synthesis Gas by :
Download or read book Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether and Alternative Fuels in the Liquid Phase from Coal-derived Synthesis Gas written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As part of the DOE-sponsored contract Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether and Alternative Fuels in the Liquid Phase from Coal-Derived Syngas'' experimental evaluations of the one-step synthesis of alternative fuels were carried out. The objective of this work was to develop novel processes for converting coal-derived syngas to fuels or fuel additives. Building on a technology base acquired during the development of the Liquid Phase Methanol (LPMEOH) process, this work focused on the development of slurry reactor based processes. The experimental investigations, which involved bench-scale reactor studies, focused primarily on three areas: (1) One-step, slurry-phase syngas conversion to hydrocarbons or methanol/hydrocarbon mixtures using a mixture of methanol synthesis catalyst and methanol conversion catalyst in the same slurry reactor. (2) Slurry-phase conversion of syngas to mixed alcohols using various catalysts. (3) One-step, slurry-phase syngas conversion to mixed ethers using a mixture of mixed alcohols synthesis catalyst and dehydration catalyst in the same slurry reactor. The experimental results indicate that, of the three types of processes investigated, slurry phase conversion of syngas to mixed alcohols shows the most promise for further process development. Evaluations of various mixed alcohols catalysts show that a cesium-promoted Cu/ZnO/Al[sub 2]O[sub 3] methanol synthesis catalyst, developed in Air Products' laboratories, has the highest performance in terms of rate and selectivity for C[sub 2+]-alcohols. In fact, once-through conversion at industrially practical reaction conditions yielded a mixed alcohols product potentially suitable for direct gasoline blending. Moreover, an additional attractive aspect of this catalyst is its high selectivity for branched alcohols, potential precursors to iso-olefins for use in etherification.
Book Synopsis Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether and Alternative Fuels in the Liquid Phase from Coal-derived Synthesis Gas. Task 3.2 by :
Download or read book Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether and Alternative Fuels in the Liquid Phase from Coal-derived Synthesis Gas. Task 3.2 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As part of the DOE-sponsored contract S̀̀ynthesis of Dimethyl Ether and Alternative Fuels in the Liquid Phase from Coal-Derived Syngas̀̀ experimental evaluations of the one-step synthesis of alternative fuels were carried out. The objective of this work was to develop novel processes for converting coal-derived syngas to fuels or fuel additives. Building on a technology base acquired during the development of the Liquid Phase Methanol (LPMEOH) process, this work focused on the development of slurry reactor based processes. The experimental investigations, which involved bench-scale reactor studies, focused primarily on three areas: (1) One-step, slurry-phase syngas conversion to hydrocarbons or methanol/hydrocarbon mixtures using a mixture of methanol synthesis catalyst and methanol conversion catalyst in the same slurry reactor. (2) Slurry-phase conversion of syngas to mixed alcohols using various catalysts. (3) One-step, slurry-phase syngas conversion to mixed ethers using a mixture of mixed alcohols synthesis catalyst and dehydration catalyst in the same slurry reactor. The experimental results indicate that, of the three types of processes investigated, slurry phase conversion of syngas to mixed alcohols shows the most promise for further process development. Evaluations of various mixed alcohols catalysts show that a cesium-promoted Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 methanol synthesis catalyst, developed in Air Products̀ laboratories, has the highest performance in terms of rate and selectivity for C{sub 2+}-alcohols. In fact, once-through conversion at industrially practical reaction conditions yielded a mixed alcohols product potentially suitable for direct gasoline blending. Moreover, an additional attractive aspect of this catalyst is its high selectivity for branched alcohols, potential precursors to iso-olefins for use in etherification.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
Book Synopsis Development of Alternative Fuels from Coal-derived Synthesis Gas by :
Download or read book Development of Alternative Fuels from Coal-derived Synthesis Gas written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid phase co-production of methanol and isobutanol (LPIBOH) was de, demonstrated at DOE's Alternative Fuels Development Unit (AFDU) in LaPorte, Texas. Methanol and isobutanol are key intermediates in a synthesis gas-based route to methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE). The technology was demonstrated in a new 18 in. slurry bubble-column reactor that was designed to demonstrate higher pressures and temperatures, higher gas superficial velocities, and lower gas hourly space velocities--all of which are conducive to obtaining optimal isobutanol yield. The integration of the new reactor into the AFDU included the addition of a high-pressure synthesis gas compressor, a high-pressure hydrogen feed source, and a closed-loop methanol- solvent absorption system to remove CO2 from the unconverted synthesis gas. These modifications were completed in January 1994. The LPIBOH run followed after a short turnaround. It employed a cesium- promoted Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst developed in Air Products' laboratories and subsequently scaled up to a production- sized batch. Over a thirteen day campaign on simulated Shell gasifier gas, the catalyst and reactor system were tested at a matrix of pressures (750, 1300, 1735 psig) and space velocities (3000, 5000, 8200 sL/kg-hr), representing numerous first-of-a-kind run conditions for the AFDU. Inlet gas superficial velocities spanned an impressive 0.16 to 1.0 ft/sec. Stable reactor performance for a full twelve-hour data period at 1.0 ft/sec was another significant milestone for the liquid phase technology program. Apart from the catalyst deactivation, the run successfully demonstrated mixed alcohol synthesis in a slurry bubble-column reactor, as well as all of the new equipment installed for the trial. Although the full capabilities of the new oxygenates system will not be tested until future runs, the design objectives for the modifications were met with respect to the LPIBOH run.
Book Synopsis Dimethyl Ether a rural fuel from water and carbon dioxide by : Johann Gruber-Schmidt
Download or read book Dimethyl Ether a rural fuel from water and carbon dioxide written by Johann Gruber-Schmidt and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2018-07-30 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technischer Bericht aus dem Jahr 2018 im Fachbereich Energiewissenschaften, , Veranstaltung: Erneuerbare Treibstoffe, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: DME known as dimethyl ether, is a well known chemical substance, the simplest ether, with the chemical structure CH3-O-CH3, consisting of one oxygen atom, two carbon atoms, and six hydrogen atoms. If we us Dimethyl ether as fuel, we recognize, that this fuel brings in one oxygen atom and has six hydrogen atoms. If we compare with methanol (CH3-OH), which has only four hydrogen atoms, dimethyl ether as simplest ether can also be seen as hydrogen carrier. The thermodynamic properties of Dimethyl ether, show that dimethyl ether is liquid at room temperature T=25°C and a pressure of p=6 bar. It is well known that dimethyl ether can be used as an substitute of fossil Diesel fuel, as a synthetic formed Diesel substitute, with highly advanced combustion properties and very low emissions in carbon monoxide(CO), dust and soot and nitrogen oxide(NO2). It easy to handle with the well known LPG (liquid propane gas) technology and can be easily and cheap implemented into heavy Diesel engines. The application of dimethyl ether is wide: transportation, agriculture, civil and rural hotel sector.
Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-03 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether from Biogas. Energetic and Economic Assessment of the Process by : Melanie Pagel
Download or read book The Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether from Biogas. Energetic and Economic Assessment of the Process written by Melanie Pagel and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2016-07-22 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2015 in the subject Chemistry - Bio-chemistry, grade: 1,0, RWTH Aachen University (Institut fur Systemverfahrenstechnik), language: English, abstract: Increasing global demand for fossil fuels makes the development of environmentally sustainable diesel-substitutes indispensable. Over the last decades, the production of dimethyl ether (DME) as alternative fuel has received increasing attention. The majority of ongoing research, however, still focuses on DME production from fossil resources. This thesis presents a single-step process for DME production from biogas which was designed following the hierarchical design method of Douglas. Process simulations were carried out in Aspen Plus for different biogas compositions. Economics estimated based on energy and feedstock cost showed that DME production is still twice as expensive as diesel production. On the other side, GHG emissions calculated including literature data on CO2 emissions of biogas production revealed a promising net reduction in CO2 emissions by 9 to 57% compared to diesel."
Book Synopsis Dimethyl ether and Dibutyl ether produced from Biogas and Biomass and Industrial waste gas by : Johann Gruber-Schmidt
Download or read book Dimethyl ether and Dibutyl ether produced from Biogas and Biomass and Industrial waste gas written by Johann Gruber-Schmidt and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2018-07-30 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technischer Bericht aus dem Jahr 2018 im Fachbereich Energiewissenschaften, Note: 1, , Veranstaltung: Erneuerbare Treibstoffe, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: At the begin of the 20th century C. Weizmann studied methods for substitution of petroleum, the most important fuel at this time beside coal. His famous work led to the patent about the ABE process [1], producing acetone by clostridium acetobutylicum and beside acetone, butanol (C4 alcohol) and ethanol (C2 alcohol) are created. (Historical: acetone could be used in military applications). The ideas [1] were very fruitful, but the world wars and the huge amount crude oil in Texas started a new period of economic development and growth of the world trade and business. At the end of the 20th century we recognized the limitation of the raw materials. Additional the Diesel technology reached a satisfied region in development the pollution of the exhaust gas. 2005 VOLVO started a project replacing fossil Diesel by Dimethyl ether [2]. This was so successful and it was the prolongation of a development done in 2008 by VOLVO [2]. At this time no heavy truck company was interested. At the end of the project VOLVO entered with the DME trucks successful the US market. The next company testing DME was MACK TRUCK followed two years later FORD. This was the birth of a new market. DME has the advantage to be monomolecular fuel, which can be easy supplied to existing and new Diesel engines. Using the known common rail for DME injected into the combustion chamber of engines it changes the phase from liquid to gas. This important property leads to a dramatic reduction of exhaust gas pollution in carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide and soot, fine particles.
Book Synopsis Government Reports Annual Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sections 1-2. Keyword Index.--Section 3. Personal author index.--Section 4. Corporate author index.-- Section 5. Contract/grant number index, NTIS order/report number index 1-E.--Section 6. NTIS order/report number index F-Z.
Download or read book Coal Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bioconversion of Coal-derived Synthesis Gas to Liquid Fuels. Final Technical Report, September 1, 1990--August 31, 1991 by :
Download or read book Bioconversion of Coal-derived Synthesis Gas to Liquid Fuels. Final Technical Report, September 1, 1990--August 31, 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of coal-derived synthesis gas as an industrial feedstock for production of fuels and chemicals has become an increasingly attractive alternative to present petroleum-based chemicals production. However, one of the major limitations in developing such a process is the required removal of catalyst poisons such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbonyl sulfide (COS), and other trace contaminants from the synthesis gas. Purification steps necessary to remove these are energy intensive and add significantly to the production cost, particularly for coals having a high sulfur content such as Illinois coal. A two-stage, anaerobic bioconversion process requiring little or no sulfur removal is proposed, where in the first stage the carbon monoxide (CO) gas is converted to butyric and acetic acids by the CO strain of Butyribacterium methylotrophicum. In the second stage, these acids along with the hydrogen (H2) gas are converted to butanol, ethanol, and acetone by an acid utilizing mutant of Clostridium acetobutylicum. 18 figs., 18 tabs.
Author :Combustion Institute (U.S.). Eastern States Section. Fall Technical Meeting Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :464 pages Book Rating :4.E/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Chemical and Physical Processes in Combustion by : Combustion Institute (U.S.). Eastern States Section. Fall Technical Meeting
Download or read book Chemical and Physical Processes in Combustion written by Combustion Institute (U.S.). Eastern States Section. Fall Technical Meeting and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bioconversion of Coal Derived Synthesis Gas to Liquid Fuels by :
Download or read book Bioconversion of Coal Derived Synthesis Gas to Liquid Fuels written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bioconversion of Coal Derived Synthesis Gas to Liquid Fuels. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, January 1, 1994--March 31, 1994 by :
Download or read book Bioconversion of Coal Derived Synthesis Gas to Liquid Fuels. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, January 1, 1994--March 31, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objective of the project is to develop an integrated two-stage fermentation process for conversion of coal-derived synthesis gas to a mixture of alcohols. This is achieved in two steps. In the first steps, Butyribacterium methylotrophicum converts carbon monoxide (CO) to butyric and acetic acids. Subsequent fermentation of the acids by Clostridium acetobutylicum leads to the production of butanol and ethanol.
