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Synthesis Of Al And Zn Complexes And Their Catalytic Activity Toward The Ring Opening Polymerization Of Cyclic Esters
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Book Synopsis Synthesis of Al and Zn Complexes, and Their Catalytic Activity Toward the Ring-opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters by : K. Bakthavachalam
Download or read book Synthesis of Al and Zn Complexes, and Their Catalytic Activity Toward the Ring-opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters written by K. Bakthavachalam and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Activity Study of Zinc Aminobis(phenolate) Complexes Towards Ring-opening Polymerization of Rac-lactide by : Yi Liu
Download or read book Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Activity Study of Zinc Aminobis(phenolate) Complexes Towards Ring-opening Polymerization of Rac-lactide written by Yi Liu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of bimetallic and trimetallic zinc complexes of amino-bis(phenolato) ligands was synthesized and characterized. Bimetallic complexes (ZnEt)2[L1] (1a) and (ZnEt)2[L2] (1b) (where [L1] = n-propylamine-N,N-bis(2-methylene-4,6-di-t-butylphenolate) and [L2] = n-propylamine-N,N-bis(2-methylene-6-t-butyl-4-methylphenolate) were prepared via reaction of the proligands H2[L1] and H2[L2] with ZnEt2 in pentane. A THF adduct (ZnEt)2[L1]·THF (1a·THF) was obtained by using THF as solvent. Treatment of 1a with one or two equiv. of isopropyl alcohol gave a trimetallic zinc complex Zn3(i-PrO)2[L1]2 (2). The catalytic activities of these complexes towards ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of rac-lactide were studied in the absence and presence of benzyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol. These complexes exhibit moderate to good activity for ROP of rac-lactide both in the melt phase and solution. The influence of catalyst and co-initiator loading were studied and thermodynamic activation parameters were determined. Characterization of the polymers by GPC and MALDI-TOF MS showed controlled and living polymerizations for rac-lactide in the presence of alcohol.
Book Synopsis Synthesis And Applications In Chemistry And Materials (In 4 Volumes) by : Armando J L Pombeiro
Download or read book Synthesis And Applications In Chemistry And Materials (In 4 Volumes) written by Armando J L Pombeiro and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2024-01-16 with total page 2103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemistry and Material Sciences naturally depend greatly on Synthesis as the initial stage for the existence of compounds and materials with desired behaviors, within the overall streamline of Design/Synthesis — Properties — Application/Function, and their relations. Such a general approach is of a too wide scope to be properly treated in a single set of publications, but this one on 'Synthesis and Applications in Chemistry and Materials' restricts itself by aiming to show the strength and international character of the current research in synthetic chemistry that is being developed in Portugal or abroad by teams that cooperate with this country. Hence, it gathers representative contributions of main Portuguese research groups and foreign collaborating ones. Nevertheless, the topic should be understood in a wide sense, being open to types of studies with significance on sustainable synthesis and applications in chemistry, materials and/or related sciences.
Book Synopsis Early Main Group Metal Catalysis by : Sjoerd Harder
Download or read book Early Main Group Metal Catalysis written by Sjoerd Harder and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-04-06 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early Main Group Metal Catalysis gives a comprehensive overview of catalytic reactions in the presence of group 1 and group 2 metals. Chapters are ordered to reaction type, contain educational elements and deal with concepts illustrated by examples that cover the main developments. After a short introduction on polar organometallic chemistry and synthesis of early main group metal complexes, a variety of catalytic reactions are described, e.g. polymerization of alkenes, hydroamination and phosphination reactions, hydrosilylation, hydroboration and hydrogenation catalysis, as well as enantioselective and Lewis-acid catalysis. The book addresses organic chemists and researchers in industry interested in the state-of-the-art and new possibilities of early main group metal catalysis as well as newcomers to the field. Written by a team of leaders in the field, it is a very welcome addition to the area of main group metal chemistry, and to the field of catalysis.
Book Synopsis New High-activity Zinc(II)-based Catalysts for Ring-opening Polymerization by : Ming Cheng
Download or read book New High-activity Zinc(II)-based Catalysts for Ring-opening Polymerization written by Ming Cheng and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cooperative Catalysis by : René Peters
Download or read book Cooperative Catalysis written by René Peters and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-01-30 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by experts in the field, this is a much-needed overview of the rapidly emerging field of cooperative catalysis. The authors focus on the design and development of novel high-performance catalysts for applications in organic synthesis (particularly asymmetric synthesis), covering a broad range of topics, from the latest progress in Lewis acid / Br?nsted base catalysis to e.g. metal-assisted organo catalysis, cooperative metal/enzyme catalysis, and cooperative catalysis in polymerization reactions and on solid surfaces. The chapters are classified according to the type of cooperating activating groups, and describe in detail the different strategies of cooperative activation, highlighting their respective advantages and pitfalls. As a result, readers will learn about the different concepts of cooperative catalysis, their corresponding modes of operation and their applications, thus helping to find a solution to a specific synthetic catalysis problem.
Book Synopsis Guanidines as Reagents and Catalysts II by : Philipp Selig
Download or read book Guanidines as Reagents and Catalysts II written by Philipp Selig and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-12 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The series Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry presents critical reviews on present and future trends in the research of heterocyclic compounds. Overall the scope is to cover topics dealing with all areas within heterocyclic chemistry, both experimental and theoretical, of interest to the general heterocyclic chemistry community. The series consists of topic related volumes edited by renowned editors with contributions of experts in the field. All chapters from Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry are published Online First with an individual DOI. In references, Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry is abbreviated as Top Heterocycl Chem and cited as a journal
Book Synopsis Phosphinimine Zinc Complexes and Neutral Phosphinimines for Ring Opening Polymerization of Lactides by : Rajesh Thapa
Download or read book Phosphinimine Zinc Complexes and Neutral Phosphinimines for Ring Opening Polymerization of Lactides written by Rajesh Thapa and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Achiral arenesulfonates ligands having a (NNN) or (NNO) side arm have been developed (Chapter 2) and their respective zinc ethyl complexes, NNNZnEt 3.2 and NNOZnEt 3.3, have been synthesized and characterized using spectroscopic methods (Chapter 3). NNNZnEt as well as NNOZnEt complexes are stable under nitrogen atmosphere. In the NNOZnEt 3.3 complex the protons associated with the pendant (dimethylamino)ethyl arm are broad indicating that a fluxional process is operative, most likely dissociation of the (dimethylamino)ethyl arm at 25 °C in CD2Cl2. The fluxional behavior present in the 1H NMR spectrum of 3.2 could be arrested by cooling the CD2Cl2 solution to -60 °C. In Chapter 3, the reactivity of 3.2 and 3.3 with alcohols was explored in detail. NNOZnEt was found to be unstable in the presence of alcohols. The NNNZnEt complex does not show any reactivity with weak acids (pKa = 16), such as ethanol, anthrylmethanol or anthrylethanol. Strong acids (pKa = 8-10) like phenols protonate the zinc ethyl bond to produce zinc phenoxide complexes with release of ethane. The rate of the reaction is directly proportional to the acid strength (pKa) of the alcohols. The NNNZnEt complex as well as its corresponding phenoxides show dynamic behavior at 25 °C. The dimethylaminoethyl arms in these complexes are hemilable as indicated by 1H, 13C, 31P and variable temperature NMR, i.e., the dynamic behavior of these complexes was demonstrated. The detail structure of the NNNZnEt was elucidated by examining the single X-crystal structure of analogous air stable NNNZnMe complex. Zinc phenoxides 3.10-3.12 were isolated in good yield by reaction of NNNZnEt complex and one equivalent of the corresponding solid phenols in CH2Cl2 under N2. Zinc phenoxides 3.10- 3.12 were characterized by 1H, 13C, and 31P and multi-dimensional NMR. Fluxional behavior was observed at 25 °C for the pendant (dimethylamino)ethyl arm in complexes 3.10-3.12 as also seen in zinc alkyl complexes 3.7 and 3.13. The dynamic behavior due to association and disassociation of the (dimethylamino) ethyl arm in complexes 3.10- 3.12 could be halted by cooling the CD2Cl2 solutions to -40 °C. Complexes 3.10-3.12 were stable in dry CD2Cl2 for several days at 25 °C and 12 hours at 45 °C. The catalytic activity of zinc phenols with lactide were tested on NMR scale reactions. The discrete zinc phenoxide as well as in situ generated zinc phenoxides 3.10-3.12 show low catalytic activity with dl-lactide. The low reactivity of zinc phenoxides with dl-lactide is probably due to the low electrophilicity of the zinc center. In the second part of this dissertation (Chapter 4), a series of tolyl/phenylethyl phosphinimines 4.1-4.8 were synthesized by Staudinger reaction between azide and various phosphines. These phosphinimines were characterized using 1H, 13C, 31P NMR. In general, the phosphininimine only ring substituted with an electron donating group, such as methoxy or dimethylanino, enhances the basicity of the phosphinimines. The correlation between the basicity of the phosphinimines and the downfield shift of the alcohol hydroxyl group when activated by phosphinimine was studied. The catalytic activity of these phosphinimines towards ring opening polymerization of lactide is correlated by alcohol hydroxyl proton shift when interacted with an alcohol (1:1) in nonhydrogen bonding solvent CDCl3 at 25 °C under N2 atmosphere. The phosphinimines 4.5 to 4.14 were tested for ROP of lactides and their correlation with the basicity estimated with alcohol activation was shown. These phosphinimines represent highly active catalysts for ROP under N2 at ambient temperature. The phosphinimine 4.7 reacts with lactide monomer even in absence of alcohol initiation with reasonable reaction rate. Phosphinimines initiate the ROP of lactide even in the absence of initiating alcohol. However, the addition of alcohol enhances the rate of the reaction. We anticipate that the ease of handling of these catalysts, combined with their high reactivity on the ROP of lactide will make them useful to the synthetic community.
Book Synopsis Random Polymers by : Frank den Hollander
Download or read book Random Polymers written by Frank den Hollander and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-04-09 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer chains that interact with themselves and/or with their environment are fascinating objects, displaying a range of interesting physical and chemical phenomena. The focus in this monograph is on the mathematical description of some of these phenomena, with particular emphasis on phase transitions as a function of interaction parameters, associated critical behavior and space-time scaling. Topics include: self-repellent polymers, self-attracting polymers, polymers interacting with interfaces, charged polymers, copolymers near linear or random selective interfaces, polymers interacting with random substrate and directed polymers in random environment. Different techniques are exposed, including the method of local times, large deviations, the lace expansion, generating functions, the method of excursions, ergodic theory, partial annealing estimates, coarse-graining techniques and martingales. Thus, this monograph offers a mathematical panorama of polymer chains, which even today holds plenty of challenges.
Book Synopsis Cationic Ring-Opening Polymerization by : Stanislaw Penczek
Download or read book Cationic Ring-Opening Polymerization written by Stanislaw Penczek and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-03-12 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Polylactic Acid Composites by : Pawan Kumar Rakesh
Download or read book Polylactic Acid Composites written by Pawan Kumar Rakesh and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2023-12-31 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Zinc Catalysis by : Stephan Enthaler
Download or read book Zinc Catalysis written by Stephan Enthaler and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-04-27 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Filling the gap in the market for comprehensive coverage of this hot topic, this timely book covers a wide range of organic transformations, e. g. reductions of unsaturated compounds, oxidation reactions, Friedel-Crafts reactions, hydroamination reactions, depolymerizations, transformations of carbon dioxide, oxidative coupling reactions, as well as C-C, C-N, and C-O bond formation reactions. A chapter on the application of zinc catalysts in total synthesis is also included. With its aim of stimulating further research and discussion in the field, this is a valuable reference for professionals in academia and industry wishing to learn about the latest developments.
Book Synopsis Early Transition Metal Catalyzed Synthesis of Complex Polymer Architectures by : Gobinda Saha
Download or read book Early Transition Metal Catalyzed Synthesis of Complex Polymer Architectures written by Gobinda Saha and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These advances provide powerful new synthetic tools for polymer science on the way of bridging radical, ring opening and coordination polymerizations. Their implementation will converge in the controlled synthesis of monodisperse polymer structures with complex new architectures and unusual topologies and compositions based on a wide, previously inaccessible selection of monomers and therefore leading to new material properties.
Book Synopsis Biobased Products from Food Sector Waste by : Teresa Cecchi
Download or read book Biobased Products from Food Sector Waste written by Teresa Cecchi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-18 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past, food waste has been used to produce biogas and biofuels, fertilizers, and animal feed. Using it as a feedstock for innovative biorefineries is not only an ethical issue but also a smart application of the circular economy. This book explores the zero-waste concept in the thriving biobased sector, proposing technologies and procedures to meet the sustainable development goals. The volume categorizes food waste sources and proposes an impressive number of high value-added compounds (e.g., platform chemicals, enzymes, nutraceuticals, antioxidants, organic acids, phosphate, bioadsorbents, pectin, solvents, and pigments) that can be obtained in a sequential biocascade, via chemical, biochemical, thermal, and physical technologies. The synthesis of bioplastics from food waste, their copolymerization and blending, as well as the production of biocomposites and bionanocomposite with biofillers from food scraps, are presented: eluding the cost of waste disposal, reducing biobased materials price, and avoiding using edible resources as a starting material for biobased items are the main beneficial peculiarities of the process. The Authors illustrate challenging characteristics of new biobased materials, such as their mechanical and physico-chemical features, their biodegradability, compostability, recyclability, chemical compatibility, and barrier properties. The volume also delves into socioeconomic considerations and environmental concerns related to the upcycling of food waste, as well as the safety and life cycle assessment of biobased products. Finally, the authors address how advances in digital technology can make food waste upcycling a negative-cost process and discuss best practices to practically implement the biorefinery concept. Research gaps and needs are suggested, and recommendations for food waste handling and management during this COVID-19 pandemic are provided.
Book Synopsis Zn(II) and Cu(II) Unsymmetrical Formamidine Complexes as Effective Initiators for Ring‐opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters by :
Download or read book Zn(II) and Cu(II) Unsymmetrical Formamidine Complexes as Effective Initiators for Ring‐opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis New Materials for Catalytic Applications by : Vasile I. Parvulescu
Download or read book New Materials for Catalytic Applications written by Vasile I. Parvulescu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-01-28 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Materials for Catalytic Applications proposes the use of both new and existing materials for catalytic applications, such as zeolites, metal oxides, microporous and mesoporous materials, and monocrystals. In addition, metal-oxides are discussed from a new perspective, i.e. nano- and photocatalytic applications. The material presents these concepts with a new focus on strategies in synthesis, synthesis based on a rational design, the correlation between basic properties/potential applications, and new catalytic solutions for acid-base, redox, hydrogenation, photocatalytic reactions, etc. Presents organometallic concepts for the synthesis of nanocatalysts Provides a synthesis of new materials following the fluorolytic sol-gel concept Covers electronic and photocatalytic properties via synthesis of nano-oxide materials Details the nature of sites in MOFs generating catalytic properties immobilization of triflates in solid matrices for organic reactions
Book Synopsis Engineering Solutions for CO2 Conversion by : Tomas Ramirez Reina
Download or read book Engineering Solutions for CO2 Conversion written by Tomas Ramirez Reina and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-02-25 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive guide that offers a review of the current technologies that tackle CO2 emissions The race to reduce CO2 emissions continues to be an urgent global challenge. "Engineering Solutions for CO2 Conversion" offers a thorough guide to the most current technologies designed to mitigate CO2 emissions ranging from CO2 capture to CO2 utilization approaches. With contributions from an international panel representing a wide range of expertise, this book contains a multidisciplinary toolkit that covers the myriad aspects of CO2 conversion strategies. Comprehensive in scope, it explores the chemical, physical, engineering and economical facets of CO2 conversion. "Engineering Solutions for CO2 Conversion" explores a broad range of topics including linking CFD and process simulations, membranes technologies for efficient CO2 capture-conversion, biogas sweetening technologies, plasma-assisted conversion of CO2, and much more. This important resource: * Addresses a pressing concern of global environmental damage, caused by the greenhouse gases emissions from fossil fuels * Contains a review of the most current developments on the various aspects of CO2 capture and utilization strategies * Incldues information on chemical, physical, engineering and economical facets of CO2 capture and utilization * Offers in-depth insight into materials design, processing characterization, and computer modeling with respect to CO2 capture and conversion Written for catalytic chemists, electrochemists, process engineers, chemical engineers, chemists in industry, photochemists, environmental chemists, theoretical chemists, environmental officers, "Engineering Solutions for CO2 Conversion" provides the most current and expert information on the many aspects and challenges of CO2 conversion.
