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Synthesis And Characterization Of Zero Valent Iron Nanoparticles
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Book Synopsis Synthesis and Characterization of Zero Valent Iron Nanoparticles by : Nathaniel J. Coussens
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Zero Valent Iron Nanoparticles written by Nathaniel J. Coussens and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthetic methods for the preparation of magnetic nanocomposites with improved high frequency (into the GHz range) performance over conventional magnetic materials were examined. The most successful work involved synthesis of nanocrystalline zero valent iron particles (nc-Fe) through a reverse micelle method. Here, aqueous Fe(II) solution micelles formed using cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in heptane were reacted with aqueous sodium borohydride micelles also using CTAB and heptane. This work was carried out both in a batch reactor and in a T-mixer setup. Particle post-synthesis processing involved vacuum drying followed by high temperature (500°C) annealing of the resultant nanoparticles. This was done to improve the crystallinity of the nanoparticles. Given the highly reactive nature of zero valent Fe, all materials made consisted of mixtures of nc-Fe and Fe oxides (FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4). Additionally, precipitation of NaBr was observed in some samples, which proved difficult to remove without fully oxidizing the desired nc-Fe particles. Since the magnetic properties of the nanoparticles are dependent on the size of coherent crystalline domains in the material, which will be smaller than the size of agglomerated particles in suspension, size characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction analysis using the Scherrer formula. Particle size was controlled by varying the concentration of Fe(II) in the solution used to prepare the reverse micelles, and the concentration of Fe(II) in aqueous solution was varied from 0.5M to 0.05M. XRD results confirmed average particle sizes in the desired sub 25nm range, and indicated size dependence based on the amount of iron used in solution in the case of the T-mixer setup. In the batch reaction process, magnetic filtering of the materials resulted in samples with sizes consistently in the 10-20 nm range. The nanocomposite was then prepared by mixing the resulting powder with either epoxy or KBr matrices, with the use of KBr as a matrix proving to be the simpler approach to making small toroid shaped materials due to the ease of higher pressure casting. Both epoxy and KBr composites yielded similar magnetic results, with typical quality factors of about 100. By comparison, a commercial nanocrystalline nickel ferrite (nc-NiFe2O4) standard had a quality factor of about 10. Likewise, materials based on fully oxidized nc-Fe (nc-Fe3O4) produced magnetic materials with low quality factors. This leads to the conclusion that the nc-Fe materials, even with heavy oxidation, represent a potential avenue for improvement over air core inductors.
Book Synopsis Zero Valent Iron Nanoparticles by : Ruchi Bipinbhai Shah
Download or read book Zero Valent Iron Nanoparticles written by Ruchi Bipinbhai Shah and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron Particles for Environmental Restoration by : Tanapon Phenrat
Download or read book Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron Particles for Environmental Restoration written by Tanapon Phenrat and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-31 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first complete edited volume devoted to providing comprehensive and state-of-the art descriptions of science principles and pilot- and field-scaled engineering applications of nanoscale zerovalent iron particles (NZVI) for soil and groundwater remediation. Although several books on environmental nanotechnology contain chapters of NZVI for environmental remediation (Wiesner and Bottero (2007); Geiger and Carvalho-Knighton (2009); Diallo et al. (2009); Ram et al. (2011)), none of them include a comprehensive treatment of the fundamental and applied aspects of NZVI applications. Most devote a chapter or two discussing a contemporary aspect of NZVI. In addition, environmental nanotechnology has a broad audience including environmental engineers and scientists, geochemists, material scientists, physicists, chemists, biologists, ecologists and toxicologists. None of the current books contain enough background material for such multidisciplinary readers, making it difficult for a graduate student or even an experienced researcher or environmental remediation practitioner new to nanotechnology to catch up with the massive, undigested literature. This prohibits the reader from gaining a complete understanding of NZVI science and technology. In this volume, the sixteen chapters are based on more than two decades of laboratory research and development and field-scaled demonstrations of NZVI implementation. The authors of each chapter are leading researchers and/or practitioners in NZVI technology. This book aims to be an important resource for all levels of audiences, i.e. graduate students, experienced environmental and nanotechnology researchers, and practitioners evaluating environmental remediation, as it is designed to involve everything from basic to advanced concepts.
Book Synopsis Small Particles Technology by : Jan-Erik Otterstedt
Download or read book Small Particles Technology written by Jan-Erik Otterstedt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is difficult to imagine modem technology without small particles, 1-1000 nm in size, because virtually every industry depends in some way on the use of such materials. Catalysts, printing inks, paper, dyes and pigments, many medicinal products, adsorbents, thickening agents, some adhesives, clays, and hundreds of other diverse products are based on or involve small particles in a very fundamental way. In some cases finely divided materials occur naturally or are merely a convenient form for using a material. In most cases small particles play a special role in technology because in effect they constitute a different state of matter because of the basic fact that the surface of a material is different from the interior by virtue of the unsaturated bonding interactions of the outermost layers of atoms at the surface of a solid. Whereas in a macroscale particle these differences are often insignificant, as the 9 surface area per unit mass becomes larger by a factor of as much as 10 , physical and chemical effects such as adsorption become so pronounced as to make the finely divided form of the bulk material into essentially a different material usually one that has no macroscale counterpart.
Book Synopsis Iron Nanomaterials for Water and Soil Treatment by : Marta I. Litter
Download or read book Iron Nanomaterials for Water and Soil Treatment written by Marta I. Litter and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology has a great potential for providing efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally acceptable solutions to face the increasing requirements on quality and quantity of fresh water for industrial, agricultural, or human use. Iron nanomaterials, either zerovalent iron (nZVI) or iron oxides (nFeOx), present key physicochemical properties that make them particularly attractive as contaminant removal agents for water and soil cleaning. The large surface area of these nanoparticles imparts high sorption capacity to them, along with the ability to be functionalized for the enhancement of their affinity and selectivity. However, one of the most important properties is the outstanding capacity to act as redox-active materials, transforming the pollutants to less noxious chemical species by either oxidation or reduction, such as reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and dehalogenation of hydrocarbons. This book focuses on the methods of preparation of iron nanomaterials that can carry out contaminant removal processes and the use of these nanoparticles for cleaning waters and soils. It carefully explains the different aspects of the synthesis and characterization of iron nanoparticles and methods to evaluate their ability to remove contaminants, along with practical deployment. It overviews the advantages and disadvantages of using iron-based nanomaterials and presents a vision for the future of this nanotechnology. While this is an easy-to-understand book for beginners, it provides the latest updates to experts of this field. It also opens a multidisciplinary scope for engineers, scientists, and undergraduate and postgraduate students. Although there are a number of books published on the subject of nanomaterials, not too many of them are especially devoted to iron materials, which are rather of low cost, are nontoxic, and can be prepared easily and envisaged to be used in a large variety of applications. The literature has scarce reviews on preparation of iron nanoparticles from natural sources and lacks emphasis on the different processes, such as adsorption, redox pathways, and ionic exchange, taking place in the removal of different pollutants. Reports and mechanisms on soil treatment are not commonly found in the literature. This book opens a multidisciplinary scope for engineers and scientists and also for undergraduate or postgraduate students.
Book Synopsis Groundwater Geochemistry by : Sughosh Madhav
Download or read book Groundwater Geochemistry written by Sughosh Madhav and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-06-14 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains both practical and theoretical aspects of groundwater resources relating to geochemistry. Focusing on recent research in groundwater resources, this book helps readers to understand the hydrogeochemistry of groundwater resources. Dealing primarily with the sources of ions in groundwater, the book describes geogenic and anthropogenic input of ions into water. Different organic, inorganic and emerging contamination and salinity problems are described, along with pollution-related issues affecting groundwater. New trends in groundwater contamination remediation measures are included, which will be particularly useful to researchers working in the field of water conservation. The book also contains diverse groundwater modelling examples, enabling a better understanding of water-related issues and their management. Groundwater Geochemistry: Pollution and Remediation offers the reader: An understanding of the quantitative and qualitative challenges of groundwater resources An introduction to the environmental geochemistry of groundwater resources A survey of groundwater pollution-related issues Recent trends in groundwater conservation and remediation Mathematical and statistical modeling related to groundwater resources Students, lecturers and researchers working in the fields of hydrogeochemistry, water pollution and groundwater will find Groundwater Geochemistry an essential companion.
Book Synopsis Abatement of Environmental Pollutants by : Pardeep Singh
Download or read book Abatement of Environmental Pollutants written by Pardeep Singh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-08-27 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abatement of Environmental Pollutants: Trends and Strategies addresses new technologies and provides strategies for environmental scientists, microbiologists and biotechnologists to help solve problems associated with the treatment of industrial wastewater. The book helps readers solve pollution challenges using microorganisms in bioremediation technologies, including discussions on global technologies that have been adopted for the treatment of industrial wastewater and sections on the lack of proper management. Moreover, limited space, more stringent waste disposal regulations and public consciousness have made the present techniques expensive and impractical. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop sustainable management technologies for industries and municipalities. To remove the damaging effect of organic pollutants on the environment, various new technologies for their degradation have been recently discovered. - Covers bioremediation of petrochemical pollutants, such as Benzene, Toluene, Xylene, Ethyl Benzene, and phenolic compound - Includes discussions on genetic engineering microbes and their potential in pollution abatement - Contains information on plant growth promoting bacteria and their role in environment management
Book Synopsis Cation Binding by Humic Substances by : Edward Tipping
Download or read book Cation Binding by Humic Substances written by Edward Tipping and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-05-30 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive account of these important environmental interactions, this book describes the binding reactions, how they can be mathematically modelled, and how this knowledge is used to interpret environmental phenomena in soils, waters and sediments. A valuable resource for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, environmental scientists, ecologists and geochemists.
Book Synopsis Marine Pollution and Marine Waste Disposal by : E. A. Perason
Download or read book Marine Pollution and Marine Waste Disposal written by E. A. Perason and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine Pollution and Marine Waste Disposal documents the proceedings of the 2nd International Congress held in San Remo on December 17-21, 1973. This book is divided into seven main topics—general problems of marine pollution; criteria for marine waste disposal; marine water quality problems; assessment in biological terms of the effects on marine environment; design of treatment and disposal systems; experience with marine waste disposal systems; and research on marine pollution. In these topics, this compilation specifically discusses the need for international cooperation in coastal resource quality management; criteria for marine waste disposal in Yugoslavia; viral pollution considerations in marine waste disposal; and major pollutants in the marine environment. The conceptual design of marine waste disposal systems; pollution of coastal waters in Italy; and Southern California coastal water research project findings are also covered. This publication is valuable to marine biologists and environmentalists concerned with marine pollution and waste disposal systems.
Book Synopsis Inorganic Species in Water by : Thomas B. Hoover
Download or read book Inorganic Species in Water written by Thomas B. Hoover and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Green Synthesis of Nanomaterials for Bioenergy Applications by : Neha Srivastava
Download or read book Green Synthesis of Nanomaterials for Bioenergy Applications written by Neha Srivastava and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-11-09 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An authoritative summary of the quest for an environmentally sustainable synthesis process of nanomaterials and their application for environmental sustainability Green Synthesis of Nanomaterials for Bioenergy Applications is an important guide that provides information on the fabrication of nanomaterial and the application of low cost, green methods. The book also explores the impact on various existing bioenergy approaches. Throughout the book, the contributors—noted experts on the topic—offer a reliable summary of the quest for an environmentally sustainable synthesis process of nanomaterials and their application to the field of environmental sustainability. The green synthesis of nanoparticles process has been widely accepted as a promising technique that can be applied to a variety of fields. The green nanotechnology-based production processes to fabricate nanomaterials operates under green conditions without the intervention of toxic chemicals. The book’s exploration of more reliable and sustainable processes for the synthesis of nanomaterials, can lead to the commercial application of the economically viability of low-cost biofuels production. This important book: Summarizes the quest for an environmentally sustainable synthesis process of nanomaterials for their application to the field of environmental sustainability Offers an alternate, sustainable green energy approach that can be commercially implemented worldwide Covers recent approaches such as fabrication of nanomaterial that apply low cost, green methods and examines its impact on various existing bioenergy applications Written for researchers, academics and students of nanotechnology, nanosciences, bioenergy, material science, environmental sciences, and pollution control, Green Synthesis of Nanomaterials for Bioenergy Applications is a must-have guide that covers green synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials for cost effective bioenergy applications.
Book Synopsis Zero Valent Iron Nanoparticles by : Biruck Desalegn Yirsaw
Download or read book Zero Valent Iron Nanoparticles written by Biruck Desalegn Yirsaw and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thesis is comprised of three distinct phases. In the first phase of the research, synthesis of nZVI using fruit waste, namely the mango peel extract was carried out. Then, the role in contaminant remediation of the synthesized nZVI particle was evaluated using environmentally relevant contaminants; i.e. examining the role of the newly synthesized nZVI for catalytic oxidation of total petroleum hydrocarbons in oily sludge contaminated soil and for the reductive removal of aqueous solutions of chromium VI. Due to the dramatic increase in the production and use for environmental remediation, studies lacking the toxicological information of the commercial forms of iron containing nanoparticles to terrestrial organisms had also been carried out. Therefore, phase three is focused on evaluation of the risks of using nZVI for environmental remediation.
Book Synopsis Environmental Applications of Nanomaterials by : Annelise Kopp Alves
Download or read book Environmental Applications of Nanomaterials written by Annelise Kopp Alves and published by Springer. This book was released on 2022-10-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains an overview of novel synthesis, characterization, and applications of nanomaterials. Based on an extensive state-of-the-art literature survey and the results obtained by researchers during the past years, this book presents techniques and special applications of classical and modern nanomaterials focus on environmental remediation and preservation. It summarizes up-to-date synthesis and characterization of diverse materials applied to the modern environment concerns such as zero-valent iron soil remediation, photochromic materials for water treatment, carbon nanotubes for gas sensing, photocatalysis, among others. This book is aimed at students, researchers, and engineers who seek general scientific knowledge about nanomaterials with an application-oriented approach.
Book Synopsis Pesticide Manual by : British Crop Protection Council
Download or read book Pesticide Manual written by British Crop Protection Council and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment by : Mihaela I. Stefan
Download or read book Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment written by Mihaela I. Stefan and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2017-09-15 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) rely on the efficient generation of reactive radical species and are increasingly attractive options for water remediation from a wide variety of organic micropollutants of human health and/or environmental concern. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment covers the key advanced oxidation processes developed for chemical contaminant destruction in polluted water sources, some of which have been implemented successfully at water treatment plants around the world. The book is structured in two sections; the first part is dedicated to the most relevant AOPs, whereas the topics covered in the second section include the photochemistry of chemical contaminants in the aquatic environment, advanced water treatment for water reuse, implementation of advanced treatment processes for drinking water production at a state-of-the art water treatment plant in Europe, advanced treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater, and green technologies for water remediation. The advanced oxidation processes discussed in the book cover the following aspects: - Process principles including the most recent scientific findings and interpretation. - Classes of compounds suitable to AOP treatment and examples of reaction mechanisms. - Chemical and photochemical degradation kinetics and modelling. - Water quality impact on process performance and practical considerations on process parameter selection criteria. - Process limitations and byproduct formation and strategies to mitigate any potential adverse effects on the treated water quality. - AOP equipment design and economics considerations. - Research studies and outcomes. - Case studies relevant to process implementation to water treatment. - Commercial applications. - Future research needs. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment presents the most recent scientific and technological achievements in process understanding and implementation, and addresses to anyone interested in water remediation, including water industry professionals, consulting engineers, regulators, academics, students. Editor: Mihaela I. Stefan - Trojan Technologies - Canada
Book Synopsis Green Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Nanoparticles by : Ashutosh Kumar Shukla
Download or read book Green Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Nanoparticles written by Ashutosh Kumar Shukla and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-11-26 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Green Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Nanoparticles shows how eco-friendly nanoparticles are engineered and used. In particular, metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles and other categories of nanoparticles are discussed. The book outlines a range of methodologies and explores the appropriate use of each. Characterization methods include spectroscopic, microscopic and diffraction methods, but magnetic resonance methods are also included as they can be used to understand the mechanism of nanoparticle synthesis using organisms. Applications covered include targeted drug delivery, water purification and hydrogen generation. This is an important research resource for those wishing to learn more about how eco-efficient nanoparticles can best be used. Theoretical details and mathematical derivations are kept to a necessary minimum to suit the need of interdisciplinary audiences and those who may be relatively new to the field. - Explores recent trends in growth, characterization, properties and applications of nanoparticles - Gives readers an understanding on how they are applied through the use of case studies and examples - Assesses the advantages and disadvantages of a variety of synthesis and characterization techniques for green nanoparticles in different situations
Book Synopsis Nano-Antimicrobials by : Nicola Cioffi
Download or read book Nano-Antimicrobials written by Nicola Cioffi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-26 with total page 563 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a high demand for antimicrobials for the treatment of new and emerging microbial diseases. In particular, microbes developing multidrug resistance have created a pressing need to search for a new generation of antimicrobial agents, which are effective, safe and can be used for the cure of multidrug-resistant microbial infections. Nano-antimicrobials offer effective solutions for these challenges; the details of these new technologies are presented here. The book includes chapters by an international team of experts. Chemical, physical, electrochemical, photochemical and mechanical methods of synthesis are covered. Moreover, biological synthesis using microbes, an option that is both eco-friendly and economically viable, is presented. The antimicrobial potential of different nanoparticles is also covered, bioactivity mechanisms are elaborated on, and several applications are reviewed in separate sections. Lastly, the toxicology of nano-antimicrobials is briefly assessed.
