Supply Chain Management in the Drug Industry

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Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470922842
Total Pages : 458 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (79 download)

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Book Synopsis Supply Chain Management in the Drug Industry by : Hedley Rees

Download or read book Supply Chain Management in the Drug Industry written by Hedley Rees and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-04-06 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book bridges the gap between practitioners of supply-chain management and pharmaceutical industry experts. It aims to help both these groups understand the different worlds they live in and how to jointly contribute to meaningful improvements in supply-chains within the globally important pharmaceutical sector. Scientific and technical staff must work closely with supply-chain practitioners and other relevant parties to help secure responsive, cost effective and risk mitigated supply chains to compete on a world stage. This should not wait until a drug has been registered, but should start as early as possible in the development process and before registration or clinical trials. The author suggests that CMC (chemistry manufacturing controls) drug development must reset the line of sight – from supply of drug to the clinic and gaining a registration, to the building of a patient value stream. Capable processes and suppliers, streamlined logistics, flexible plant and equipment, shorter cycle times, effective flow of information and reduced waste. All these factors can and should be addressed at the CMC development stage.

Making Medicines Affordable

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Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309468086
Total Pages : 235 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Making Medicines Affordable by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Making Medicines Affordable written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-03-01 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thanks to remarkable advances in modern health care attributable to science, engineering, and medicine, it is now possible to cure or manage illnesses that were long deemed untreatable. At the same time, however, the United States is facing the vexing challenge of a seemingly uncontrolled rise in the cost of health care. Total medical expenditures are rapidly approaching 20 percent of the gross domestic product and are crowding out other priorities of national importance. The use of increasingly expensive prescription drugs is a significant part of this problem, making the cost of biopharmaceuticals a serious national concern with broad political implications. Especially with the highly visible and very large price increases for prescription drugs that have occurred in recent years, finding a way to make prescription medicinesâ€"and health care at largeâ€"more affordable for everyone has become a socioeconomic imperative. Affordability is a complex function of factors, including not just the prices of the drugs themselves, but also the details of an individual's insurance coverage and the number of medical conditions that an individual or family confronts. Therefore, any solution to the affordability issue will require considering all of these factors together. The current high and increasing costs of prescription drugsâ€"coupled with the broader trends in overall health care costsâ€"is unsustainable to society as a whole. Making Medicines Affordable examines patient access to affordable and effective therapies, with emphasis on drug pricing, inflation in the cost of drugs, and insurance design. This report explores structural and policy factors influencing drug pricing, drug access programs, the emerging role of comparative effectiveness assessments in payment policies, changing finances of medical practice with regard to drug costs and reimbursement, and measures to prevent drug shortages and foster continued innovation in drug development. It makes recommendations for policy actions that could address drug price trends, improve patient access to affordable and effective treatments, and encourage innovations that address significant needs in health care.

Global Supply Chains in the Pharmaceutical Industry

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Author :
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1522559221
Total Pages : 399 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (225 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Supply Chains in the Pharmaceutical Industry by : Nozari, Hamed

Download or read book Global Supply Chains in the Pharmaceutical Industry written by Nozari, Hamed and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2018-11-09 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a rapidly growing global economy, where there is a constant emergence of new business models and dynamic changes to the business ecosystem, there is a need for the integration of traditional, new, and hybrid concepts in the complex structure of supply chain management. Within the fast-paced pharmaceutical industry, product strategy, life cycles, and distribution must maintain the highest level of agility. Therefore, organizations need strong supply chain capabilities to profitably compete in the marketplace. Global Supply Chains in the Pharmaceutical Industry provides innovative insights into the efforts needed to build and maintain a strong supply chain network in order to achieve efficient fulfillment of demand, drive outstanding customer value, enhance organizational responsiveness, and build network resiliency. This publication is designed for supply chain managers, policymakers, researchers, academicians, and students, and covers topics centered on economic cycles, sustainable development, and new forces in the global economy.

Supply Chain Transparency in the Pharmaceutical Returns Industry

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (144 download)

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Book Synopsis Supply Chain Transparency in the Pharmaceutical Returns Industry by : Anna Yankanich

Download or read book Supply Chain Transparency in the Pharmaceutical Returns Industry written by Anna Yankanich and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Company X, a pharmaceutical manufacturer, is seeking clarity on best practices for complying with the Drug Supply Chain Security Act (DSCSA). Additionally, they are looking to reevaluate current relationships with reverse distributor third-party logistics partners, as well as explore new entrants to the market. This thesis provides insight as to what two competitors are doing to meet compliance. It also includes a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (S.W.O.T.) Analysis of current RD 3PL partners, and compares the strengths and weaknesses of four additional entities. The methodology of thesis consists of reviewing publicly available sources, as well as expertise from representatives of Company X. The publicly available sources are found primarily through keyword searches, as well as reviewing online supply chain journals. Competitor practices and the RD 3PL S.W.O.T. analysis indicated that to stay competitive in the industry, investment in technological development is necessary. The information collected is intended to give Company X a broader view of the pharmaceutical returns industry, and assist them in creating a future request for proposal (RFP).

Process Systems Engineering for Pharmaceutical Manufacturing

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444639667
Total Pages : 700 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (446 download)

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Book Synopsis Process Systems Engineering for Pharmaceutical Manufacturing by : Ravendra Singh

Download or read book Process Systems Engineering for Pharmaceutical Manufacturing written by Ravendra Singh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-03-16 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Process Systems Engineering for Pharmaceutical Manufacturing: From Product Design to Enterprise-Wide Decisions, Volume 41, covers the following process systems engineering methods and tools for the modernization of the pharmaceutical industry: computer-aided pharmaceutical product design and pharmaceutical production processes design/synthesis; modeling and simulation of the pharmaceutical processing unit operation, integrated flowsheets and applications for design, analysis, risk assessment, sensitivity analysis, optimization, design space identification and control system design; optimal operation, control and monitoring of pharmaceutical production processes; enterprise-wide optimization and supply chain management for pharmaceutical manufacturing processes. Currently, pharmaceutical companies are going through a paradigm shift, from traditional manufacturing mode to modernized mode, built on cutting edge technology and computer-aided methods and tools. Such shifts can benefit tremendously from the application of methods and tools of process systems engineering. - Introduces Process System Engineering (PSE) methods and tools for discovering, developing and deploying greener, safer, cost-effective and efficient pharmaceutical production processes - Includes a wide spectrum of case studies where different PSE tools and methods are used to improve various pharmaceutical production processes with distinct final products - Examines the future benefits and challenges for applying PSE methods and tools to pharmaceutical manufacturing

Achieving Secure and Transparent Supply Chains With Blockchain Technology

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Author :
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 363 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (693 download)

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Book Synopsis Achieving Secure and Transparent Supply Chains With Blockchain Technology by : Khan, Mustafa Rehman

Download or read book Achieving Secure and Transparent Supply Chains With Blockchain Technology written by Khan, Mustafa Rehman and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2024-01-18 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advent of Industry Revolution 5.0 has brought unprecedented challenges to supply chain management, compromising the effectiveness, transparency, and security of operations. Traditional methods of transaction management and data sharing prove inadequate in this complex landscape, necessitating a comprehensive solution. Editors Mustafa Khan, Naveed R. Khan, and Arsalan Ghouri present Achieving Secure and Transparent Supply Chains With Blockchain Technology, an edited collection that offers a groundbreaking solution. This book provides a thorough overview of blockchain technology and its potential to enhance supply chain efficiency, security, and resilience. By leveraging its decentralized and secure platform, blockchain emerges as a transformative technology capable of revolutionizing supply chain management. With a focus on contemporary theoretical frameworks and the latest empirical findings, this book equips academics, practitioners, policymakers, researchers, professionals, and students with the knowledge needed to harness the power of blockchain technology in supply chain management. Covering diverse topics such as traceability, resilience, sustainability, and ethical sourcing, it explores the wide-ranging applications of blockchain in achieving secure and transparent supply chains. Achieving Secure and Transparent Supply Chains With Blockchain Technology serves as an indispensable resource for individuals involved in the field, offering a comprehensive guide to unlock the potential of secure and transparent supply chains in the digital age. With its forward-thinking approach and diverse perspectives, this book paves the way for a future where blockchain technology revolutionizes the management of supply chains.

Integration of Cloud Computing with Internet of Things

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119769302
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Integration of Cloud Computing with Internet of Things by : Monika Mangla

Download or read book Integration of Cloud Computing with Internet of Things written by Monika Mangla and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-03-08 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book aims to integrate the aspects of IoT, Cloud computing and data analytics from diversified perspectives. The book also plans to discuss the recent research trends and advanced topics in the field which will be of interest to academicians and researchers working in this area. Thus, the book intends to help its readers to understand and explore the spectrum of applications of IoT, cloud computing and data analytics. Here, it is also worth mentioning that the book is believed to draw attention on the applications of said technology in various disciplines in order to obtain enhanced understanding of the readers. Also, this book focuses on the researches and challenges in the domain of IoT, Cloud computing and Data analytics from perspectives of various stakeholders.

China Rx

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Publisher : Prometheus Books
ISBN 13 : 1633883817
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (338 download)

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Book Synopsis China Rx by : Rosemary Gibson

Download or read book China Rx written by Rosemary Gibson and published by Prometheus Books. This book was released on 2018 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millions of Americans are taking prescription drugs made in China and don't know it-- and pharmaceutical companies are not eager to tell them. This probing book examines the implications for the quality and availability of vital medicines for consumers. Several decades ago, penicillin, vitamin C, and many other prescription and over-the-counter products were manufactured in the United States. But with the rise of globalization, antibiotics, antidepressants, birth control pills, blood pressure medicines, cancer drugs, among many others are made in China and sold in the United States. China's biggest impact on the US drug supply is making essential ingredients for thousands of medicines found in American homes and used in hospital intensive care units and operating rooms. The authors convincingly argue that there are at least two major problems with this scenario. First, it is inherently risky for the United States to become dependent on any one country as a source for vital medicines, especially given the uncertainties of geopolitics. For example, if an altercation in the South China Sea causes military personnel to be wounded, doctors may rely upon medicines with essential ingredients made by the adversary. Second, lapses in safety standards and quality control in Chinese manufacturing are a risk. Citing the concerns of FDA officials and insiders within the pharmaceutical industry, the authors document incidents of illness and death caused by contaminated medications that prompted reform. This is a disturbing, well-researched book and a wake-up call for improving the current system of drug supply and manufacturing.

Logistics 4.0

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000245101
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Logistics 4.0 by : Turan Paksoy

Download or read book Logistics 4.0 written by Turan Paksoy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-12-17 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Industrial revolutions have impacted both, manufacturing and service. From the steam engine to digital automated production, the industrial revolutions have conduced significant changes in operations and supply chain management (SCM) processes. Swift changes in manufacturing and service systems have led to phenomenal improvements in productivity. The fast-paced environment brings new challenges and opportunities for the companies that are associated with the adaptation to the new concepts such as Internet of Things (IoT) and Cyber Physical Systems, artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, cyber security, data analytics, block chain and cloud technology. These emerging technologies facilitated and expedited the birth of Logistics 4.0. Industrial Revolution 4.0 initiatives in SCM has attracted stakeholders’ attentions due to it is ability to empower using a set of technologies together that helps to execute more efficient production and distribution systems. This initiative has been called Logistics 4.0 of the fourth Industrial Revolution in SCM due to its high potential. Connecting entities, machines, physical items and enterprise resources to each other by using sensors, devices and the internet along the supply chains are the main attributes of Logistics 4.0. IoT enables customers to make more suitable and valuable decisions due to the data-driven structure of the Industry 4.0 paradigm. Besides that, the system’s ability of gathering and analyzing information about the environment at any given time and adapting itself to the rapid changes add significant value to the SCM processes. In this peer-reviewed book, experts from all over the world, in the field present a conceptual framework for Logistics 4.0 and provide examples for usage of Industry 4.0 tools in SCM. This book is a work that will be beneficial for both practitioners and students and academicians, as it covers the theoretical framework, on the one hand, and includes examples of practice and real world.

Exploring Emerging Technologies and their Impact on Society

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Publisher : Archers & Elevators Publishing House
ISBN 13 : 8119385772
Total Pages : 54 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis Exploring Emerging Technologies and their Impact on Society by : Mrs. D. Sree Lakshmi

Download or read book Exploring Emerging Technologies and their Impact on Society written by Mrs. D. Sree Lakshmi and published by Archers & Elevators Publishing House. This book was released on with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Blockchain, IoT, and AI Technologies for Supply Chain Management

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000854957
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Blockchain, IoT, and AI Technologies for Supply Chain Management by : Priyanka Chawla

Download or read book Blockchain, IoT, and AI Technologies for Supply Chain Management written by Priyanka Chawla and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-05-05 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supply chain management, often known as SCM, refers to the extensive variety of operations that are required to plan, monitor, and coordinate the movement of a product from its raw materials to its finished state in the most time- and money-efficient manner possible. How the supply chain is managed has an impact not only on the quality of the product and the service but also on the distribution, costs, and overall customer experience. Supply chain management is a massive undertaking that needs firms to reevaluate the method in which they operate their supply chains. Blockchain, IoT, and AI Technologies for Supply Chain Management discusses the problems and difficulties that the facilitators of the supply chain confront, in addition to the possible solutions to such problems and difficulties. This book will be the only one of its kind to address the impact of COVID-19 on supply chain systems involving different stakeholders such as producers, dealers, and manufacturers and will provide a foundation for future research opportunities that will allow for the unrestricted expansion and prosperity of business. It will serve as a foundation for academics, scientists, and educationists interested in the use of modern technologies in the field of supply chain management, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Blockchain. In addition to those engaged in research, undergraduate and postgraduate students in higher education can also use this publication as a reference book. This book also presents a multifaceted perspective for the general public, including topics such as computer science, the food business, hotel management, fashion, medical, inventory management, and agricultural spheres.

Blockchain for Biomedical Research and Healthcare

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9819742684
Total Pages : 409 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Blockchain for Biomedical Research and Healthcare by : Prasun Kumar

Download or read book Blockchain for Biomedical Research and Healthcare written by Prasun Kumar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

AI-Powered Advances in Pharmacology

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Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (693 download)

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Book Synopsis AI-Powered Advances in Pharmacology by : Shaik, Aminabee

Download or read book AI-Powered Advances in Pharmacology written by Shaik, Aminabee and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2024-09-14 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the field of pharmaceutical sciences, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a groundbreaking force, propelling the field into uncharted territories of discovery and innovation. As traditional approaches in drug discovery and development encounter new challenges, the need for cutting-edge technologies becomes increasingly apparent. AI-Powered Advances in Pharmacology offers an insightful exploration of this critical intersection between AI and pharmacological research. This book delves into how AI technologies are reshaping the understanding of diseases, predicting drug responses, and optimizing therapeutic interventions. It navigates through the relationship between AI algorithms, big data analytics, and traditional pharmacological methodologies, promising to accelerate drug development and usher in a new era of precision medicine. The primary objective of AI-Powered Advances in Pharmacology is to conduct a thorough exploration of the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into pharmacological research, shedding light on its transformative impact on drug discovery, development, and personalized medicine. This comprehensive overview aims to serve as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and students in the field, bridging the gap between traditional pharmacological approaches and AI methodologies. Through case studies and discussions of emerging trends, the book contributes to the evolving landscape of pharmacology, fostering a deeper understanding of diseases, optimizing therapeutic interventions, and shaping the future of precision medicine. By providing practical insights, it aims to inspire further advancements at the intersection of artificial intelligence and pharmacology.

Enabling Blockchain Technology for Secure Networking and Communications

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Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1799858413
Total Pages : 339 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (998 download)

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Book Synopsis Enabling Blockchain Technology for Secure Networking and Communications by : Ben Mnaouer, Adel

Download or read book Enabling Blockchain Technology for Secure Networking and Communications written by Ben Mnaouer, Adel and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2021-06-11 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the surge of blockchain technology has been rising due to is proven reliability in ensuring secure and effective transactions, even between untrusted parties. Its application is broad and covers public and private domains varying from traditional communication networks to more modern networks like the internet of things and the internet of energy crossing fog and edge computing, among others. As technology matures and its standard use cases are established, there is a need to gather recent research that can shed light on several aspects and facts on the use of blockchain technology in different fields of interest. Enabling Blockchain Technology for Secure Networking and Communications consolidates the recent research initiatives directed towards exploiting the advantages of blockchain technology for benefiting several areas of applications that vary from security and robustness to scalability and privacy-preserving and more. The chapters explore the current applications of blockchain for networking and communications, the future potentials of blockchain technology, and some not-yet-prospected areas of research and its application. This book is ideal for practitioners, stakeholders, researchers, academicians, and students interested in the concepts of blockchain technology and the potential and pitfalls of its application in different utilization domains.

Future of AI in Medical Imaging

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Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (693 download)

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Book Synopsis Future of AI in Medical Imaging by : Sharma, Avinash Kumar

Download or read book Future of AI in Medical Imaging written by Sharma, Avinash Kumar and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2024-03-11 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Academic scholars and professionals are currently grappling with hurdles in optimizing diagnostic processes, as traditional methodologies prove insufficient in managing the intricate and voluminous nature of medical data. The diverse range of imaging techniques, spanning from endoscopy to magnetic resonance imaging, necessitates a more unified and efficient approach. This complexity has created a pressing need for streamlined methodologies and innovative solutions. Academic scholars find themselves at the forefront of addressing these challenges, seeking ways to leverage AI's full potential in improving the accuracy of medical imaging diagnostics and, consequently, enhancing overall patient outcomes. Future of AI in Medical Imaging, stands as a solution to the challenges faced by academic scholars in the realm of medical imaging. The book lays a solid groundwork for understanding the complexities of medical imaging systems. Through an exploration of various imaging modalities, it not only addresses the current issues but also serves as a guide for scholars to navigate the landscape of AI-integrated medical diagnostics. This collaborative effort not only illuminates the existing hurdles of medical imaging but also looks towards a future where AI-driven diagnostics and personalized medicine become indispensable tools, significantly elevating patient outcomes.

Pervasive Computing and Social Networking

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811928401
Total Pages : 799 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (119 download)

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Book Synopsis Pervasive Computing and Social Networking by : G. Ranganathan

Download or read book Pervasive Computing and Social Networking written by G. Ranganathan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-09-01 with total page 799 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book features original papers from International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Social Networking (ICPCSN 2022), organized by NSIT, Salem, India during 3 – 4 March 2022. It covers research works on conceptual, constructive, empirical, theoretical and practical implementations of pervasive computing and social networking methods for developing more novel ideas and innovations in the growing field of information and communication technologies.

World Sustainable Development Outlook 2007

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351280228
Total Pages : 453 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (512 download)

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Book Synopsis World Sustainable Development Outlook 2007 by : Allam Ahmed

Download or read book World Sustainable Development Outlook 2007 written by Allam Ahmed and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-29 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Sustainable Development Outlook series has been developed to provide an overview of sustainable development, to discuss why it is important and to provoke forward thinking on the development of a more coherent approach to solving global problems related to sustainability through science and technology. In doing so, a holistic approach is used to critically examine the interrelationship between the natural, governmental, economic and social dimensions of our world and how science and technology can contribute to solutions. This is a truly global source book, which is reflected in the varied national and cultural origins of the contributors, as well as the topics and case studies covered. Each year a different theme will be covered. The theme of World Sustainable Development Outlook 2007 is the different dimensions of knowledge and technology management in the new era of information revolution and how they relate to sustainable development. Rapid innovation in information and communication technologies (ICTs) is clearly reshaping the world we live in. Countries are increasingly judged by whether they are information-rich or information-poor. It is estimated that 30–40% of the world's economic growth and 40–50% of all new jobs will be IT-driven. Education and knowledge are the chief currencies of the modern age, and can also be a strategic resource and a lifeline for sustainable development. Yet, in Africa, millions of people have never made a telephone call. The technological gulf between developed and developing countries (DCs) is likely to widen further with the rapid expansion of the internet and the speedy transition to digitalisation in the West. The impacts on DCs may include an increase in the so-called brain drain and growing dependence on foreign aid of a different kind – knowledge aid. There are fears that knowledge imperialism is already with us. What is clear is that most of the technological innovations in ICTs are Western-designed and fail to address the needs of the most disadvantaged. The interest of industrialised countries in the use of ICTs in DCs has largely been more concerned with the profitability of their own business enterprises than with any broader goals concerning the development of the host countries. DCs face the challenge of either becoming an integral part of the knowledge-based global economy or the very real danger of finding themselves on the wrong side of the digital divide. Successful management in the new millennium requires developing new methods and approaches to meet the challenges and opportunities of this information revolution while at the same time fostering sustainable development. Adopting a holistic approach, this book aims to critically examine the interrelationship between these different issues in order to reach solutions and a consensus for a better future, taking into account a variety of international, institutional and intellectual perspectives. It uses case and country studies in technological innovation and experience so that lessons in effective management of ICTs can be learned from successful initiatives, ideas and innovations.