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Summary of Populism – [Review Keypoints and Take-aways]

Author : PenZen Summaries
Publisher : by Mocktime Publication
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Summary of Populism – [Review Keypoints and Take-aways] by : PenZen Summaries

Download or read book Summary of Populism – [Review Keypoints and Take-aways] written by PenZen Summaries and published by by Mocktime Publication. This book was released on 2022-11-28 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The summary of Populism – A Very Short Introduction presented here include a short review of the book at the start followed by quick overview of main points and a list of important take-aways at the end of the summary. The Summary of The political term "populism," which is frequently used in the media and frequently thrown around by political opponents, is the subject of the 2017 documentary "Populism," which investigates the term. Populist leaders make the claim that they speak for "the people" in an effort to galvanise the resentment of the masses that they lead. Populists attempt to achieve political success by shifting the burden of responsibility for societal and economic challenges onto an imagined "elite." Populism summary includes the key points and important takeaways from the book Populism by Cas Mudde and Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser. Disclaimer: 1. This summary is meant to preview and not to substitute the original book. 2. We recommend, for in-depth study purchase the excellent original book. 3. In this summary key points are rewritten and recreated and no part/text is directly taken or copied from original book. 4. If original author/publisher wants us to remove this summary, please contact us at [email protected].

Summary of Political Order and Political Decay – [Review Keypoints and Take-aways]

Author : PenZen Summaries
Publisher : by Mocktime Publication
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Summary of Political Order and Political Decay – [Review Keypoints and Take-aways] by : PenZen Summaries

Download or read book Summary of Political Order and Political Decay – [Review Keypoints and Take-aways] written by PenZen Summaries and published by by Mocktime Publication. This book was released on 2022-11-28 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The summary of Political Order and Political Decay – From the Industrial Revolution to the Globalization of Democracy presented here include a short review of the book at the start followed by quick overview of main points and a list of important take-aways at the end of the summary. The Summary of A comparison of the history of democracy in the United States with its current state is made in the book Political Order and Political Decay . This comparison serves to highlight the fundamental shortcomings of our contemporary democracy. These ideas explain just a few of the causes of political decay in the United States, including a shrinking middle class, self-interested lobbyists, and institutions that are unable to adapt to change. Political Order and Political Decay summary includes the key points and important takeaways from the book Political Order and Political Decay by Francis Fukuyama. Disclaimer: 1. This summary is meant to preview and not to substitute the original book. 2. We recommend, for in-depth study purchase the excellent original book. 3. In this summary key points are rewritten and recreated and no part/text is directly taken or copied from original book. 4. If original author/publisher wants us to remove this summary, please contact us at [email protected].

Populism

Author : Cas Mudde
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190234873
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Populism by : Cas Mudde

Download or read book Populism written by Cas Mudde and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A timely overview of populism, one of the most contested concepts in political journalism and the social sciences

The Shipwrecked Mind

Author : Mark Lilla
Publisher : New York Review of Books
ISBN 13 : 1590179021
Total Pages : 169 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Shipwrecked Mind by : Mark Lilla

Download or read book The Shipwrecked Mind written by Mark Lilla and published by New York Review of Books. This book was released on 2016-09-06 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We don’t understand the reactionary mind. As a result, argues Mark Lilla in this timely book, the ideas and passions that shape today’s political dramas are unintelligible to us. The reactionary is anything but a conservative. He is as radical and modern a figure as the revolutionary, someone shipwrecked in the rapidly changing present, and suffering from nostalgia for an idealized past and an apocalyptic fear that history is rushing toward catastrophe. And like the revolutionary his political engagements are motivated by highly developed ideas. Lilla begins with three twentieth-century philosophers—Franz Rosenzweig, Eric Voegelin, and Leo Strauss—who attributed the problems of modern society to a break in the history of ideas and promoted a return to earlier modes of thought. He then examines the enduring power of grand historical narratives of betrayal to shape political outlooks since the French Revolution, and shows how these narratives are employed in the writings of Europe’s right-wing cultural pessimists and Maoist neocommunists, American theoconservatives fantasizing about the harmony of medieval Catholic society and radical Islamists seeking to restore a vanished Muslim caliphate. The revolutionary spirit that inspired political movements across the world for two centuries may have died out. But the spirit of reaction that rose to meet it has survived and is proving just as formidable a historical force. We live in an age when the tragicomic nostalgia of Don Quixote for a lost golden age has been transformed into a potent and sometimes deadly weapon. Mark Lilla helps us to understand why.

What Is Populism?

Author : Jan-Werner Müller
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812248988
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis What Is Populism? by : Jan-Werner Müller

Download or read book What Is Populism? written by Jan-Werner Müller and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2016-09-19 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This work argues that at populism's core is a rejection of pluralism. Populists will always claim that they and they alone represent the people and their true interests. Müller also shows that, contrary to conventional wisdom, populists can govern on the basis of their claim to exclusive moral representation of the people: if populists have enough power, they will end up creating an authoritarian state that excludes all those not considered part of the proper 'people.' The book proposes a number of concrete strategies for how liberal democrats should best deal with populists and, in particular, how to counter their claims to speak exclusively for 'the silent majority' or 'the real people'"--Provided by the publisher.

Every Man a King

Author : Chris Stirewalt
Publisher : Twelve
ISBN 13 : 1538729792
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (387 download)

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Book Synopsis Every Man a King by : Chris Stirewalt

Download or read book Every Man a King written by Chris Stirewalt and published by Twelve. This book was released on 2018-09-11 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From Fox News' politics editor Chris Stirewalt -- a fun and lively account of America's populist tradition, from Andrew Jackson and Teddy Roosevelt, to Ross Perot, Pat Buchanan, and Donald Trump. Whatever the ideological fad of the moment, American populism has always been home to a fascinating assortment of charismatic leaders, characters, kooks, cranks, and sometimes charlatans who have - with widely varying degrees of success - led the charge of ordinary folks who have gotten wise to the ways of the swamp. This attitude of skeptical resentment also makes populism a fertile field for the work of conspiracy theorists and other enthusiastic apostates from civic convention. After all, if the people in power are found to be rigging one part of the system, why not the rest? Every Man a King tells the stories of America's populist leaders, from an elderly Andrew Jackson brutally caning his would-be-assassin, to William Jennings Bryan's pre-speech routine that combined equally prodigious quantities of prayer and food, to Ross Perot's military-style campaign that made even volunteers wear badges with stars to show rank. It is a rollicking history of an American attitude that has shaped not only our current moment, but also the long struggle over who gets to define the truths we hold to be self evident.

How Democracies Die

Author : Steven Levitsky
Publisher : Crown
ISBN 13 : 1524762946
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (247 download)

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Book Synopsis How Democracies Die by : Steven Levitsky

Download or read book How Democracies Die written by Steven Levitsky and published by Crown. This book was released on 2019-01-08 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • “Comprehensive, enlightening, and terrifyingly timely.”—The New York Times Book Review (Editors' Choice) WINNER OF THE GOLDSMITH BOOK PRIZE • SHORTLISTED FOR THE LIONEL GELBER PRIZE • NAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY The Washington Post • Time • Foreign Affairs • WBUR • Paste Donald Trump’s presidency has raised a question that many of us never thought we’d be asking: Is our democracy in danger? Harvard professors Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt have spent more than twenty years studying the breakdown of democracies in Europe and Latin America, and they believe the answer is yes. Democracy no longer ends with a bang—in a revolution or military coup—but with a whimper: the slow, steady weakening of critical institutions, such as the judiciary and the press, and the gradual erosion of long-standing political norms. The good news is that there are several exit ramps on the road to authoritarianism. The bad news is that, by electing Trump, we have already passed the first one. Drawing on decades of research and a wide range of historical and global examples, from 1930s Europe to contemporary Hungary, Turkey, and Venezuela, to the American South during Jim Crow, Levitsky and Ziblatt show how democracies die—and how ours can be saved. Praise for How Democracies Die “What we desperately need is a sober, dispassionate look at the current state of affairs. Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt, two of the most respected scholars in the field of democracy studies, offer just that.”—The Washington Post “Where Levitsky and Ziblatt make their mark is in weaving together political science and historical analysis of both domestic and international democratic crises; in doing so, they expand the conversation beyond Trump and before him, to other countries and to the deep structure of American democracy and politics.”—Ezra Klein, Vox “If you only read one book for the rest of the year, read How Democracies Die. . . .This is not a book for just Democrats or Republicans. It is a book for all Americans. It is nonpartisan. It is fact based. It is deeply rooted in history. . . . The best commentary on our politics, no contest.”—Michael Morrell, former Acting Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (via Twitter) “A smart and deeply informed book about the ways in which democracy is being undermined in dozens of countries around the world, and in ways that are perfectly legal.”—Fareed Zakaria, CNN

Populism

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Populism by :

Download or read book Populism written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Political Populism

Author : Reinhard C. Heinisch
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783848766178
Total Pages : 550 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (661 download)

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Book Synopsis Political Populism by : Reinhard C. Heinisch

Download or read book Political Populism written by Reinhard C. Heinisch and published by . This book was released on 2021-07 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Der Populismus stellt die grosste politische Herausforderung fur westliche Demokratien seit dem Zweiten Weltkrieg dar. Wahlerfolge populistischer Parteien und Akteure, der Brexit, die Prasidentschaft von Donald Trump oder Kampagnen gegen Massnahmen zur Eindammung der Pandemie sind Ausdruck dieses Phanomens, in dem die Wahlerschaft gegen vermeintliche Eliten mobilisiert wird. Das uberarbeitete und erweiterte Handbuch Political Populism bietet eine umfangreiche theoretische und empirische Einfuhrung in Erscheinungsformen, Ursachen und Auswirkungen des Populismus insbesondere in den Demokratien Europas sowie Nord- und Sudamerikas. Der Fokus liegt hierbei auf der Erklarung des Phanomens als Folge einer Legitimationskrise des reprasentativen Systems sowie den Kontroversen und Grenzen in der derzeitigen wissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung. Das Phanomen wird hierbei vor allem aus politikwissenschaftlicher und kommunikationswissenschaftlicher Perspektive beleuchtet Das Handbuch bietet ausserdem eine umfangreiche Analyse der Auswirkungen des Populismus auf verschiedene Politikbereiche wie die Umwelt-, Gesundheits- oder Wirtschaftspolitik. Mit Beitragen von Tjitske Akkerman, Manuel Anselmi, Wolfgang Aschauer, Hans-Georg Betz, Cecilia Biancalana, Paul Blokker, Giuliano Bobba, Maria Esperanza Casullo, Carlos De La Torre, Paula Diehl, Sarah C. Dingler, Martin Dolezal, Marco Folsch, Flavia Freidenberg, Sergiu Gherghina, Vlastimil Havlik, Kirk A. Hawkins, Reinhard Heinisch, Christina Holtz-Bacha, Robert A. Huber, Gilles Ivaldi, Philip Kitzberger, Benjamin Kramer, Maria Elisabetta Lanzone, Zoe Lefkofridi, Dietmar Loch, Miroslav Mares, Alfio Mastropaolo, Oscar Mazzoleni, Sergiu Miscoiu, Teun Pauwels, Franca Roncarolo, Saskia Pauline Ruth, Carlo Ruzza, Steven Saxonberg, Christian H. Schimpf, Damir Skenderovic, Sorina Soare, Lone Sorensen, Carlos Waisman, Carsten Wegscheider und Sandra Vergari.

Broken News

Author : Chris Stirewalt
Publisher : Center Street
ISBN 13 : 1546002812
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (46 download)

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Book Synopsis Broken News by : Chris Stirewalt

Download or read book Broken News written by Chris Stirewalt and published by Center Street. This book was released on 2022-08-23 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "One of America’s most experienced and exemplary journalists has written an unsparing analysis of the dreadful consequences -- for journalism and the nation -- of ‘how the news lost a race to the bottom with itself.’” -- George F. Will In this national bestseller, Chris Stirewalt, a former Fox News political editor, takes readers inside America’s broken newsrooms that have succumbed to the temptation of “rage revenue.” One of America’s sharpest political analysts, Stirewalt employs his trademark wit and insight to reveal how these media organizations slant coverage – and why that drives political division and rewards outrageous conduct. The New York Times wrote that Stirewalt’s book "is an often candid reflection on the state of political journalism and his time at Fox News, where such post-mortem assessments are not common..." Broken News is a fascinating, deeply researched, conversation-provoking study of how the news is made and how it must be repaired. Stirewalt goes deep inside the history of the industry to explain how today’s media divides America for profit. And he offers practical advice for how readers, listeners, and viewers can (and should) become better news consumers for the sake of the republic.

The Tyranny of Merit

Author : Michael J. Sandel
Publisher : Farrar, Straus and Giroux
ISBN 13 : 0374720991
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (747 download)

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Book Synopsis The Tyranny of Merit by : Michael J. Sandel

Download or read book The Tyranny of Merit written by Michael J. Sandel and published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux. This book was released on 2020-09-15 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Times Literary Supplement’s Book of the Year 2020 A New Statesman's Best Book of 2020 A Bloomberg's Best Book of 2020 A Guardian Best Book About Ideas of 2020 The world-renowned philosopher and author of the bestselling Justice explores the central question of our time: What has become of the common good? These are dangerous times for democracy. We live in an age of winners and losers, where the odds are stacked in favor of the already fortunate. Stalled social mobility and entrenched inequality give the lie to the American credo that "you can make it if you try". The consequence is a brew of anger and frustration that has fueled populist protest and extreme polarization, and led to deep distrust of both government and our fellow citizens--leaving us morally unprepared to face the profound challenges of our time. World-renowned philosopher Michael J. Sandel argues that to overcome the crises that are upending our world, we must rethink the attitudes toward success and failure that have accompanied globalization and rising inequality. Sandel shows the hubris a meritocracy generates among the winners and the harsh judgement it imposes on those left behind, and traces the dire consequences across a wide swath of American life. He offers an alternative way of thinking about success--more attentive to the role of luck in human affairs, more conducive to an ethic of humility and solidarity, and more affirming of the dignity of work. The Tyranny of Merit points us toward a hopeful vision of a new politics of the common good.

Tyrant: Shakespeare on Politics

Author : Stephen Greenblatt
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 0393635767
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (936 download)

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Book Synopsis Tyrant: Shakespeare on Politics by : Stephen Greenblatt

Download or read book Tyrant: Shakespeare on Politics written by Stephen Greenblatt and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2018-05-08 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Brilliant, beautifully organized, exceedingly readable."—Philip Roth World-renowned Shakespeare scholar Stephen Greenblatt explores the playwright’s insight into bad (and often mad) rulers. Examining the psyche—and psychoses—of the likes of Richard III, Macbeth, Lear, and Coriolanus, Greenblatt illuminates the ways in which William Shakespeare delved into the lust for absolute power and the disasters visited upon the societies over which these characters rule. Tyrant shows that Shakespeare’s work remains vitally relevant today, not least in its probing of the unquenchable, narcissistic appetites of demagogues and the self-destructive willingness of collaborators who indulge them.

Vishnu's Crowded Temple

Author : Maria Misra
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300145233
Total Pages : 592 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Vishnu's Crowded Temple by : Maria Misra

Download or read book Vishnu's Crowded Temple written by Maria Misra and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As it enters its sixtieth year of independence, India stands on the threshold of superpower status. Yet India is strikingly different from all other global colossi. While it is the world's most populous democracy and enjoys the benefits of its internationally competitive high-tech and software industries, India also contends with extremes of poverty, inequality, and political and religious violence. This accessible and vividly written book presents a new interpretation of India's history, focusing particular attention on the impact of British imperialism on Independent India. Maria Misra begins with the rebellion against the British in 1857 and tracks the country's advance to the present day. India's extremes persist, the author argues, because its politics rest upon a peculiar foundation in which traditional ideas of hierarchy, difference, and privilege coexist to a remarkable degree with modern notions of equality and democracy. The challenge of India's leaders today, as in the last sixty years, is to weave together the disparate threads of the nation's ancient culture, colonial legacy, and modern experience.

We Don't Believe You

Author : John Redwood
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781095254950
Total Pages : 147 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (549 download)

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Book Synopsis We Don't Believe You by : John Redwood

Download or read book We Don't Believe You written by John Redwood and published by . This book was released on 2019-04-19 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dramatic new book John Redwood gives us fresh insights into why the populist movements and parties have been winning elections. He looks at how the experts and narrative pushed out by the established elites on both sides of the Atlantic have met with disbelief as well as with strong opposition. He shows how great parties have been all but destroyed as election winning forces as new movements and people sweep them aside.From the establishment himself as an expert and a member of one of the traditional parties, he seeks to show how the sensible elites adjust and respond to new moods and new ideas instead of confronting or denying them. In too many cases a rigid and unhappy elite just keeps shouting back the same things people do not want to hear.One of the worst features of what is happening is the inability of the two sides to understand each other or to work together. The establishment shows scorn for the populists and keeps reasserting the same policies and attitudes as if nothing had happened. The populists show they do not believe the analysis let alone the prescription of established institutions and governments, and seek to sweep them all away. Those parties and institutions which listen and change can survive. Those who continue to ignore the trends like the Greek socialist party, the two main French political parties and the Italian political establishment find themselves no longer wanted in the democratic politics of their countries. Can the main institutions of the western world adapt in time to the new mood?John Redwood is a leading commentator on world economies. The author of books on the Euro, Popular capitalism, the global marketplace and the credit crunch, he sets out in this exciting new analysis for Bite-Sized Books the impact of austerity economics and the banking crash on societies and governments around the world. He is a Distinguished fellow of All Souls College Oxford, a regular contributor to newspapers and the media, and a frequent lecturer on economic topics.He brings to this book the past experience of leading a couple of international manufacturing businesses and his work as a financial innovator. He was an early advocate and expert on privatisation and third way financing of public services, and set up an investment business to pioneer dynamic passive investing. He has been a Professor at Middlesex University Business School. He attempts in the book to look at the role of experts, who are themselves often on the wrong end of populist criticism. He concludes with the establishment that expertise is a good thing when genuine and well used, but agrees with the populists that some consensus expertise on economics in recent years has peddled dangerous doctrines and false forecasts to the detriment of our well being.He sees the populist revolt extending further, unless the establishments adjust their scripts and seek to understand better the forces they have unwittingly unleashed. Why didn't they foresee the banking crash? How could they not understand the rise of Mr Trump? Why were they taken aback by the hostility to austerity economics? He himself predicted the economic damage done by the European Exchange rate mechanism and forecast the market meltdown from the banking crash. In short this new book provocatively and soberly creates a challenging new perspective on recent global political developments - and will inform the continuing arguments for years to come.

These Truths: A History of the United States

Author : Jill Lepore
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 0393635252
Total Pages : 773 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (936 download)

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Book Synopsis These Truths: A History of the United States by : Jill Lepore

Download or read book These Truths: A History of the United States written by Jill Lepore and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2018-09-18 with total page 773 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Nothing short of a masterpiece.” —NPR Books A New York Times Bestseller and a Washington Post Notable Book of the Year In the most ambitious one-volume American history in decades, award-winning historian Jill Lepore offers a magisterial account of the origins and rise of a divided nation. Widely hailed for its “sweeping, sobering account of the American past” (New York Times Book Review), Jill Lepore’s one-volume history of America places truth itself—a devotion to facts, proof, and evidence—at the center of the nation’s history. The American experiment rests on three ideas—“these truths,” Jefferson called them—political equality, natural rights, and the sovereignty of the people. But has the nation, and democracy itself, delivered on that promise? These Truths tells this uniquely American story, beginning in 1492, asking whether the course of events over more than five centuries has proven the nation’s truths, or belied them. To answer that question, Lepore wrestles with the state of American politics, the legacy of slavery, the persistence of inequality, and the nature of technological change. “A nation born in contradiction… will fight, forever, over the meaning of its history,” Lepore writes, but engaging in that struggle by studying the past is part of the work of citizenship. With These Truths, Lepore has produced a book that will shape our view of American history for decades to come.

The Economic Analysis of Populism a Selective Review of the Literature

Author : Emilio Ocampo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (119 download)

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Book Synopsis The Economic Analysis of Populism a Selective Review of the Literature by : Emilio Ocampo

Download or read book The Economic Analysis of Populism a Selective Review of the Literature written by Emilio Ocampo and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the application of the conceptual and analytical framework of economics to the study of populism is still in its infancy, great advances have been made in recent years. This paper reviews some key contributions behind this progress. When analyzing populism, economists face two methodological hurdles: lack of consensus and clarity about its definition and reconciling the populist vote with voter rationality. The former has plagued sociologists and political scientists for decades. As to the latter, it raises a conundrum: if populist policies are detrimental to economic growth, as most economists agree, the vote for a populist candidate suggests some irrationality or inefficiency in the political markets. The works reviewed in this paper propose alternative approaches to address both issues. The most promising line of research in the economic analysis of populism draws concepts from other social sciences such political theory, sociology, history and social psychology.

The Broken Ladder

Author : Keith Payne
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0143128906
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (431 download)

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Book Synopsis The Broken Ladder by : Keith Payne

Download or read book The Broken Ladder written by Keith Payne and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2018-05-01 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A persuasive and highly readable account." —President Barack Obama “Brilliant. . . . an important, fascinating read arguing that inequality creates a public health crisis in America.” —Nicholas Kristof, New York Times “The Broken Ladder is an important, timely, and beautifully written account of how inequality affects us all.” —Adam Alter, New York Times bestselling author of Irresistible and Drunk Tank Pink A timely examination by a leading scientist of the physical, psychological, and moral effects of inequality. The levels of inequality in the world today are on a scale that have not been seen in our lifetimes, yet the disparity between rich and poor has ramifications that extend far beyond mere financial means. In The Broken Ladder psychologist Keith Payne examines how inequality divides us not just economically; it also has profound consequences for how we think, how we respond to stress, how our immune systems function, and even how we view moral concepts such as justice and fairness. Research in psychology, neuroscience, and behavioral economics has not only revealed important new insights into how inequality changes people in predictable ways but also provided a corrective to the flawed view of poverty as being the result of individual character failings. Among modern developed societies, inequality is not primarily a matter of the actual amount of money people have. It is, rather, people's sense of where they stand in relation to others. Feeling poor matters—not just being poor. Regardless of their average incomes, countries or states with greater levels of income inequality have much higher rates of all the social maladies we associate with poverty, including lower than average life expectancies, serious health problems, mental illness, and crime. The Broken Ladder explores such issues as why women in poor societies often have more children, and why they have them at a younger age; why there is little trust among the working class in the prudence of investing for the future; why people's perception of their social status affects their political beliefs and leads to greater political divisions; how poverty raises stress levels as effectively as actual physical threats; how inequality in the workplace affects performance; and why unequal societies tend to become more religious. Understanding how inequality shapes our world can help us better understand what drives ideological divides, why high inequality makes the middle class feel left behind, and how to disconnect from the endless treadmill of social comparison.