Sufi Civilities

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781503637535
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (375 download)

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Book Synopsis Sufi Civilities by : Annika Schmeding

Download or read book Sufi Civilities written by Annika Schmeding and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite its pervasive reputation as a place of religious extremes and war, Afghanistan has a complex and varied religious landscape where elements from a broad spectrum of religious belief vie for a place in society. It is also one of the birthplaces of a widely practiced variant of Islam: Sufism. Contemporary analysts suggest that Sufism is on the decline due to war and the ideological hardening that results from societies in conflict. However, in Sufi Civilities, Annika Schmeding argues that this is far from a truthful depiction. Members of Sufi communities have worked as resistance fighters, aid workers, business people, actors, professors, and daily workers in creative and ingenious ways to keep and renew their networks of community support. Based on long-term ethnographic field research among multiple Sufi communities in different urban areas of Afghanistan, the book examines navigational strategies employed by Sufi leaders over the past four decades to weather periods of instability and persecution, showing how they adapted to changing conditions in novel ways that crafted Sufism as a force in the civil sphere. This book offers a rare on-the-ground view into how Sufi leaders react to moments of transition within a highly insecure environment, and how humanity shines through the darkness during times of turmoil.

Sufi Civilities

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Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 1503637549
Total Pages : 255 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Sufi Civilities by : Annika Schmeding

Download or read book Sufi Civilities written by Annika Schmeding and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2023-11-28 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite its pervasive reputation as a place of religious extremes and war, Afghanistan has a complex and varied religious landscape where elements from a broad spectrum of religious belief vie for a place in society. It is also one of the birthplaces of a widely practiced variant of Islam: Sufism. Contemporary analysts suggest that Sufism is on the decline due to war and the ideological hardening that results from societies in conflict. However, in Sufi Civilities, Annika Schmeding argues that this is far from a truthful depiction. Members of Sufi communities have worked as resistance fighters, aid workers, business people, actors, professors, and daily workers in creative and ingenious ways to keep and renew their networks of community support. Based on long-term ethnographic field research among multiple Sufi communities in different urban areas of Afghanistan, the book examines navigational strategies employed by Sufi leaders over the past four decades to weather periods of instability and persecution, showing how they adapted to changing conditions in novel ways that crafted Sufism as a force in the civil sphere. This book offers a rare on-the-ground view into how Sufi leaders react to moments of transition within a highly insecure environment, and how humanity shines through the darkness during times of turmoil.

Contemporary Sufism

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134879997
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (348 download)

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Book Synopsis Contemporary Sufism by : Meena Sharify-Funk

Download or read book Contemporary Sufism written by Meena Sharify-Funk and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-12-22 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is Sufism? Contemporary views vary tremendously, even among Sufis themselves. Contemporary Sufism: Piety, Politics, and Popular Culture brings to light the religious frameworks that shape the views of Sufism’s friends, adversaries, admirers, and detractors and, in the process, helps readers better understand the diversity of contemporary Sufism, the pressures and cultural openings to which it responds, and the many divergent opinions about contemporary Sufism’s relationship to Islam. The three main themes: piety, politics, and popular culture are explored in relation to the Islamic and Western contexts that shape them, as well as to the historical conditions that frame contemporary debates. This book is split into three parts: • Sufism and anti-Sufism in contemporary contexts; • Contemporary Sufism in the West: Poetic influences and popular manifestations; • Gendering Sufism: Tradition and transformation. This book will fascinate anyone interested in the challenges of contemporary Sufism as well as its relationship to Islam, gender, and the West. It offers an ideal starting point from which undergraduate and postgraduate students, teachers and lecturers can explore Sufism today.

Philosophers, Sufis, and Caliphs

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316858111
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (168 download)

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Book Synopsis Philosophers, Sufis, and Caliphs by : Ali Humayun Akhtar

Download or read book Philosophers, Sufis, and Caliphs written by Ali Humayun Akhtar and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-09 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What was the relationship between government and religion in Middle Eastern history? In a world of caliphs, sultans, and judges, who exercised political and religious authority? In this book, Ali Humayun Akhtar investigates debates about leadership that involved ruling circles and scholars of jurisprudence and theology. At the heart of this story is a medieval rivalry between three caliphates: the Umayyads of Cordoba, the Fatimids of Cairo, and the Abbasids of Baghdad. In a fascinating revival of Late Antique Hellenism, Aristotelian and Platonic notions of wisdom became a key component of how these caliphs debated their authority as political leaders. By tracing how these political debates impacted the theological and jurisprudential scholars and their own conception of communal guidance, Akhtar offers a new picture of premodern political authority and the connections between Western and Islamic civilizations. It will be of use to students and specialists of the premodern and modern Middle East.

Memory and Commemoration across Central Asia

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Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004540997
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (45 download)

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Book Synopsis Memory and Commemoration across Central Asia by :

Download or read book Memory and Commemoration across Central Asia written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-06-05 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Memory and Commemoration across Central Asia: Texts, Traditions and Practices, 10th-21st Centuries is a collection of fourteen studies by a group of scholars active in the field of Central Asian Studies, presenting new research into various aspects of the rich cultural heritage of Central Asia (including Afghanistan). By mapping and exploring the interaction between political, ideological, literary and artistic production in Central Asia, the contributors offer a wide range of perspectives on the practice and usage of historical and religious commemoration in different contexts and timeframes. Making use of different approaches – historical, literary, anthropological, or critical heritage studies, the contributors show how memory functions as a fundamental constituent of identity formation in both past and present, and how this has informed perceptions in and outside Central Asia today.

Mysticism in Iran

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Publisher : Univ of South Carolina Press
ISBN 13 : 1611178088
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (111 download)

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Book Synopsis Mysticism in Iran by : Ata Anzali

Download or read book Mysticism in Iran written by Ata Anzali and published by Univ of South Carolina Press. This book was released on 2017-09-28 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An original study of the transformation of Safavid Persia from a majority Sunni country to a Twelver Shi'i realm "Mysticism" in Iran is an in-depth analysis of significant transformations in the religious landscape of Safavid Iran that led to the marginalization of Sufism and the eventual emergence of 'irfan as an alternative Shi'i model of spirituality. Ata Anzali draws on a treasure-trove of manuscripts from Iranian archives to offer an original study of the transformation of Safavid Persia from a majority Sunni country to a Twelver Shi'i realm. The work straddles social and intellectual history, beginning with an examination of late Safavid social and religious contexts in which Twelver religious scholars launched a successful campaign against Sufism with the tacit approval of the court. This led to the social, political, and economic marginalization of Sufism, which was stigmatized as an illegitimate mode of piety rooted in a Sunni past. Anzali directs the reader's attention to creative and successful attempts by other members of the ulama to incorporate the Sufi tradition into the new Twelver milieu. He argues that the category of 'irfan, or "mysticism," was invented at the end of the Safavid period by mystically minded scholars such as Shah Muhammad Darabi and Qutb al-Din Nayrizi in reference to this domesticated form of Sufism. Key aspects of Sufi thought and practice were revisited in the new environment, which Anzali demonstrates by examining the evolving role of the spiritual master. This traditional Sufi function was reimagined by Shi'i intellectuals to incorporate the guidance of the infallible imams and their deputies, the ulama. Anzali goes on to address the institutionalization of 'irfan in Shi'i madrasas and the role played by prominent religious scholars of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries in this regard. The book closes with a chapter devoted to fascinating changes in the thought and practice of 'irfan in the twentieth century during the transformative processes of modernity. Focusing on the little-studied figure of Kayvan Qazvini and his writings, Anzali explains how 'irfan was embraced as a rational, science-friendly, nonsectarian, and anticlerical concept by secular Iranian intellectuals.

Beauty in Sufism

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Publisher : State University of New York Press
ISBN 13 : 1438462808
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (384 download)

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Book Synopsis Beauty in Sufism by : Kazuyo Murata

Download or read book Beauty in Sufism written by Kazuyo Murata and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2017-04-05 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyzes the place of beauty in the Sufi understanding of God, the world, and the human being through the writings of Sufi scholar and saint Rūzbihān Baqlī. According to Muhammad, “God is beautiful and He loves beauty.” Yet, Islam is rarely associated with beauty, and today, a politicized Islam dominates many perceptions. This work tells a forgotten story of beauty in Islam through the writings of celebrated but little-studied Sufi scholar and saint Rūzbihān Baqlī (1128–1209). Rūzbihān argued that the pursuit of beauty in the world and in oneself was the goal of Muslim life. One should become beautiful in imitation of God and reclaim the innate human nature created in God’s beautiful image. Rūzbihān’s theory of beauty is little known, largely because of his convoluted style and eccentric terminology in both Persian and Arabic. In this book, Kazuyo Murata revives Rūzbihān’s ideas for modern readers. She provides an overview of Muslim discourse on beauty before Rūzbihān’s time; an analysis of key terms related to beauty in the Qur’ān, Ḥadīth, and in Rūzbihān’s writings; a reconstruction of Rūzbihān’s understanding of divine, cosmic, and human beauty; and a discussion of what he regards as the pinnacle of beauty in creation, the prophets, especially Adam, Abraham, Joseph, Moses, and Muhammad. Kazuyo Murata is Lecturer in Islamic Studies at King’s College London and coeditor (with Mohammed Rustom and Atif Khalil) of In Search of the Lost Heart: Explorations in Islamic Thought by William C. Chittick, also published by SUNY Press.

Sufism

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Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 069119162X
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Sufism by : Alexander Knysh

Download or read book Sufism written by Alexander Knysh and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2019-03-19 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A pathbreaking history of Sufism, from the earliest centuries of Islam to the present After centuries as the most important ascetic-mystical strand of Islam, Sufism saw a sharp decline in the twentieth century, only to experience a stunning revival in recent decades. In this comprehensive new history of Sufism from the earliest centuries of Islam to today, Alexander Knysh, a leading expert on the subject, reveals the tradition in all its richness. Knysh explores how Sufism has been viewed by both insiders and outsiders since its inception. He examines the key aspects of Sufism, from definitions and discourses to leadership, institutions, and practices. He devotes special attention to Sufi approaches to the Qur’an, drawing parallels with similar uses of scripture in Judaism and Christianity. He traces how Sufism grew from a set of simple moral-ethical precepts into a sophisticated tradition with professional Sufi masters (shaykhs) who became powerful players in Muslim public life but whose authority was challenged by those advocating the equality of all Muslims before God. Knysh also examines the roots of the ongoing conflict between the Sufis and their fundamentalist critics, the Salafis—a major fact of Muslim life today. Based on a wealth of primary and secondary sources, Sufism is an indispensable account of a vital aspect of Islam.

Rethinking Ibn 'Arabi

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019068450X
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Rethinking Ibn 'Arabi by : Gregory A. Lipton

Download or read book Rethinking Ibn 'Arabi written by Gregory A. Lipton and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thirteenth century mystic Ibn `Arabi was the foremost Sufi theorist of the premodern era. For more than a century, Western scholars and esotericists have heralded his universalism, arguing that he saw all contemporaneous religions as equally valid. In Rethinking Ibn `Arabi, Gregory Lipton calls this image into question and throws into relief how Ibn `Arabi's discourse is inseparably intertwined with the absolutist vision of his own religious milieu--that is, the triumphant claim that Islam fulfilled, superseded, and therefore abrogated all previous revealed religions. Lipton juxtaposes Ibn `Arabi's absolutist conception with the later reception of his ideas, exploring how they have been read, appropriated, and universalized within the reigning interpretive field of Perennial Philosophy in the study of Sufism. The contours that surface through this comparative analysis trace the discursive practices that inform Ibn `Arabi's Western reception back to the eighteenth and nineteenth century study of "authentic" religion, where European ethno-racial superiority was wielded against the Semitic Other-both Jewish and Muslim. Lipton argues that supersessionist models of exclusivism are buried under contemporary Western constructions of religious authenticity in ways that ironically mirror Ibn `Arabi's medieval absolutism.

Western Sufism

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199977666
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

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Book Synopsis Western Sufism by : Mark Sedgwick

Download or read book Western Sufism written by Mark Sedgwick and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-10-18 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Western Sufism is sometimes dismissed as a relatively recent "new age" phenomenon, but in this book Mark Sedgwick argues that it has deep roots, both in the Muslim world and in the West. In fact, although the first significant Western Sufi organization was not established until 1915, the first Western discussion of Sufism was printed in 1480, and Western interest in Sufi thought goes back to the thirteenth century. Sedgwick starts with the earliest origins of Western Sufism in late antique Neoplatonism and early Arab philosophy, and traces later origins in repeated intercultural transfers from the Muslim world to the West, in the thought of the European Renaissance and Enlightenment, and in the intellectual and religious ferment of the nineteenth century. He then follows the development of organized Sufism in the West from 1915 until 1968, the year in which the first Western Sufi order based on purely Islamic models was founded. Western Sufism shows the influence of these origins, of thought both familiar and less familiar: Neoplatonic emanationism, perennialism, pantheism, universalism, and esotericism. Western Sufism is the product not of the new age but of Islam, the ancient world, and centuries of Western religious and intellectual history. Using sources from antiquity to the internet, Sedgwick demonstrates that the phenomenon of Western Sufism draws on centuries of intercultural transfers and is part of a long-established relationship between Western thought and Islam.

Subjectivity in ʿAttār, Persian Sufism, and European Mysticism

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Publisher : Purdue University Press
ISBN 13 : 161249501X
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (124 download)

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Book Synopsis Subjectivity in ʿAttār, Persian Sufism, and European Mysticism by : Claudia Yaghoobi

Download or read book Subjectivity in ʿAttār, Persian Sufism, and European Mysticism written by Claudia Yaghoobi and published by Purdue University Press. This book was released on 2017-05-15 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adopting an empirical and systematic approach, this interdisciplinary study of medieval Persian Sufi tradition and ʿAttār (1145-1221) opens up a new space of comparison for reading and understanding medieval Persian and European literatures. The book invites us on an intellectual journey that reveals exciting intersections that redefine the hierarchies and terms of comparison. While the primary focus of the book is on reassessing the significance of the concept of transgression and construction of subjectivity within select works of ʿAttār within Persian Sufi tradition, the author also creates a bridge between medieval and modern, literature and theory, and European and Middle Eastern cultures through reading these works alongside one another. Of significance to the author is ʿAttār's treatment of enlightenment with regard to class, religious, gender, and sexuality transgressions. In this book, the relation between transgression and the limit is not viewed as one of liberation from oppressive restrictions, but of undoing the structures that produce constraining binaries; it allows for alternatives and possibilities. In conjunction with the concepts of transgression and the limit, the presence of society's marginalized pariahs, outcasts, and untouchables are central to the book's main argument about construction of subjectivity, which the author believes is framed within ʿAttār's notion of mystical love and human diversity. The book addresses the question of whether concepts such as transgression, limit, and subjectivity are solely applicable to modern times, or they can shed light on our understanding of transgression and subjectivity from the past. The author's comparative inquiries aim to intensify our understanding of these notions advanced in both the medieval and the modern world. Through summoning works from various genres, disciplines, cultures, and times, the author posits that medieval literary works are living texts that can reveal as much about our present selves as they do about the past.

Sufi Bodies

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Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231144911
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (311 download)

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Book Synopsis Sufi Bodies by : Shahzad Bashir

Download or read book Sufi Bodies written by Shahzad Bashir and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2013-09-01 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Bashir weaves a rich history of Sufi Islam around the depiction of bodily actions in Sufi literature and miniature paintings produced circa 1300-1500 CE. Focusing on the Persianate societies of Iran and Central Asia, he explores medieval Sufis' conception of the human body as the primary shuttle between interior (batin) and exterior (zahir) realities with particular attention to three arenas: religious activity in the form of rituals, rules of etiquette, asceticism, and a universal hierarchy of saints; the deep imprint of Persian poetic paradigms on the articulation of love, desire, and gender; and the reputation of Sufi masters for working miracles, which empowered them in all domains of social activity. Bashir ultimately offers a new methodology for extracting historical information from religious narratives"--Cover p. [4].

Sacred Interests

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Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469625407
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

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Book Synopsis Sacred Interests by : Karine V. Walther

Download or read book Sacred Interests written by Karine V. Walther and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2015-09-21 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, as Americans increasingly came into contact with the Islamic world, U.S. diplomatic, cultural, political, and religious beliefs about Islam began to shape their responses to world events. In Sacred Interests, Karine V. Walther excavates the deep history of American Islamophobia, showing how negative perceptions of Islam and Muslims shaped U.S. foreign relations from the Early Republic to the end of World War I. Beginning with the Greek War of Independence in 1821, Walther illuminates reactions to and involvement in the breakup of the Ottoman Empire, the efforts to protect Jews from Muslim authorities in Morocco, American colonial policies in the Philippines, and American attempts to aid Christians during the Armenian Genocide. Walther examines the American role in the peace negotiations after World War I, support for the Balfour Declaration, and the establishment of the mandate system in the Middle East. The result is a vital exploration of the crucial role the United States played in the Islamic world during the long nineteenth century--an interaction that shaped a historical legacy that remains with us today.

Sufism

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Publisher : American University in Cairo Press
ISBN 13 : 1617972657
Total Pages : 110 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (179 download)

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Book Synopsis Sufism by : Mark J. Sedgwick

Download or read book Sufism written by Mark J. Sedgwick and published by American University in Cairo Press. This book was released on 2003-09-01 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than a millennium, Sufism has been the core of the spiritual experience of countless Muslims. As the chief mystical tradition of Islam, it has helped to shape the history of Islamic societies. Although it is the Sufi face of Islam that has often appealed to Westerners, Sufis and Sufism remain mysterious to many in the West, and are still widely misunderstood. In this new, redesigned paperback edition of this bestselling book, a scholar with long experience of Sufism in the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and Europe succinctly presents the essentials of Sufism and shows how Sufis live and worship, and why. As well as what Sufism is and where it comes from, the book discusses Sufi orders not only in the Islamic world but also in the West. The political, social, and economic significance of Sufism is outlined, and the question of how and why Sufism has become one of the more controversial aspects of contemporary Islamic religious life is addressed. This book assumes no prior knowledge of the subject. It is a penetrating and concise introduction for everyone interested in Islam and Islamic societies.

Tareeqat

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Publisher : Blackstone Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1613397941
Total Pages : 91 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (133 download)

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Book Synopsis Tareeqat by : Ph.D. Dr. Kamran Ahmad

Download or read book Tareeqat written by Ph.D. Dr. Kamran Ahmad and published by Blackstone Publishing. This book was released on 2015-05-01 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sufism has become a lush spiritual experience in the everyday lives of millions the world over. For centuries, Sufism has evolved to form an integral path through the essence of life. Especially for the people of Pakistan, Sufism winds like a cool mystical stream nurturing a parched landscape. No one knows this better than Kamran Ahmad, Ph.D., scholar of Religion and Psychology in the United States and his native Pakistan. Yet today messages to Sufis abound from all sides - messages saying what religious life should look like, proposing that Sufis cast aside these deeply held beliefs. Those who would impose religious ideals on others don't seem to grasp the powerful spiritual roots in our daily life that run deeper than anything that can be prescribed. What's more, we may need to be reminded of these deep roots ourselves. In his landmark work Tareeqat, Dr. Kamran Ahmad peels back the veil to reveal this rich inner life in all its suppleness and strength. He bravely takes on critics who would leave secrets of the heart and soul untouched, unspoken. Tareeqat offers a spiritual richness that defies description and will leave you breathless. Dr. Ahmad maintains that the Sufi connection to spiritual essence remains an unspoken, unwritten truth. In Tareeqat, you will discover that a paradox has taken hold of the South Asian region, one that keeps us tacitly quiet about what matters most. In an unspoken language, the dictate decrees that matters of the spirit, secrets of the spirit, and secrets of the heart are taboo topics. They're not to be talked about, written about or argued about. They are to be experienced. They are to be lived as part of everyday life, much as a haunting melody weaves its magic in and out of consciousness. When you read Tareeqat, you will discover how strong and deep the spirit runs in our everyday lives and relationships. As you do, you will clearly see the path to recognize it for what it is, embrace it with love, live it with pride, in its eternal flow, in its ever-changing forms. You will gain the courage to see the richness of Sufism for all that it is, all it can be. And you will never look at life same way again.

Sufis and Anti-Sufis

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136812695
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (368 download)

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Book Synopsis Sufis and Anti-Sufis by : Elizabeth Sirriyeh

Download or read book Sufis and Anti-Sufis written by Elizabeth Sirriyeh and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-01-09 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite its continuing appeal in the Muslim world, Sufism has faced fierce challenges in the last 250 years. This volume assesses the evolution of anti-Sufism since the middle of the eighteenth century and Sufi strategies for survival. It also considers the efforts of a few significant Muslim intellectuals to contemplate a future for a mystical approach to Islam without traditional Sufism. Many studies of Islam in the modern period have focused on the attempts of Muslim 'modernists' or 'fundamentalists' to come to terms with western modernity, and Sufis have often been marginalised in the process. Elizabeth Sirriyeh redresses this neglect by assigning to Sufism a central place in the broader history of Islam in the modern world and by examining how changing understandings of Sufism's role in modern conditions have affected Muslims of all shades of opinion.

Sufism in Central Asia

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Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004373071
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Sufism in Central Asia by :

Download or read book Sufism in Central Asia written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2018-08-13 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The studies in this volume mark a new phase in the development of scholarship on Sufi traditions of Central Asia, expanding and deepening the source base, reconceptualizing basic frameworks for understanding Sufi history, and challenging received assumptions and narratives.