Self-therapy for the Stutterer

Download Self-therapy for the Stutterer PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : The Stuttering Foundation
ISBN 13 : 0933388454
Total Pages : 195 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (333 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Self-therapy for the Stutterer by : Malcolm Fraser

Download or read book Self-therapy for the Stutterer written by Malcolm Fraser and published by The Stuttering Foundation. This book was released on 2002 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Malcolm Fraser knew from personal experience what the person who stutters is up against. His introduction to stuttering corrective procedures first came at the age of fifteen under the direction of Frederick Martin, M.D., who at that time was Superintendent of Speech Correction for the New York City schools. A few years later, he worked with J. Stanley Smith, L.L.D., a stutterer and philanthropist, who, for altruistic reasons, founded the Kingsley Clubs in Philadelphia and New York that were named after the English author, Charles Kingsley, who also stuttered. The Kingsley Clubs were small groups of adult stutterers who met one night a week to try out treatment ideas then in effect. In fact, they were actually practicing group therapy as they talked about their experiences and exchanged ideas. This exchange gave each of the members a better understanding of the problem. The founder often led the discussions at both clubs. In 1928 Malcolm Fraser joined his older brother Carlyle who founded the NAPA-Genuine Parts Company that year in Atlanta, Georgia. He became an important leader in the company and was particularly outstanding in training others for leadership roles. In 1947, with a successful career under way, he founded the Stuttering Foundation of America. In subsequent years, he added generously to the endowment so that at the present time, endowment income covers over fifty percent of the operating budget. In 1984, Malcolm Fraser received the fourth annual National Council on Communicative Disorders' Distinguished Service Award. The NCCD, a council of 32 national organizations, recognized the Foundation's efforts in "adding to stutterers', parents', clinicians', and the public's awareness and ability to deal constructively with stuttering." Book jacket.

Stuttering and Behavior Therapy

Download Stuttering and Behavior Therapy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 514 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (1 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Stuttering and Behavior Therapy by : Roger J. Ingham

Download or read book Stuttering and Behavior Therapy written by Roger J. Ingham and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

More Than Fluency: the Social, Emotional, and Cognitive Dimensions of Stuttering

Download More Than Fluency: the Social, Emotional, and Cognitive Dimensions of Stuttering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Plural Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1597569968
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (975 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis More Than Fluency: the Social, Emotional, and Cognitive Dimensions of Stuttering by : Barbara J. Amster

Download or read book More Than Fluency: the Social, Emotional, and Cognitive Dimensions of Stuttering written by Barbara J. Amster and published by Plural Publishing. This book was released on 2018-04-27 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More Than Fluency: The Social, Emotional, and Cognitive Dimensions of Stutteringprovides a thoughtful and contemporary framework for speech-language pathologists and others working with people who stutter. The text focuses on the social, emotional, and cognitive realms of stuttering and offers new insights and applications based on research in the field. It guides the reader through theoretical discussions about the social experiences, emotional complications, and cognitive interpretations that often influence the person who stutters. The text also offers practical strategies for intervention from contributing authors who are prominent theorists, researchers, and practitioners in the field of fluency and stuttering. In line with the current multifactorial view of stuttering, More Than Fluency emphasizes the social, emotional, and cognitive aspects of stuttering, drawing important connections between them. The authors present a variety of therapeutic interventions and techniques along with practical guidelines that have been designed to alleviate distress in those who stutter. Although these interventions differ in approach, each offers their own roadmap to support and empower people who stutter. The idea for this book grew out of the insights gained from listening to both clients and graduate students. Clients wanted to talk about their life experiences as a person who stutters. Graduate students often described their worry and uncertainty when dealing with the emotional and social issues of their clients who stutter. Similarly, many practicing speech-language pathologists also have concerns about treating people who stutter, especially regarding the social, emotional, and cognitive aspects of the disorder, areas not typically taught in traditional coursework. More Than Fluency was developed for practicing speech-language pathologists and other professionals who evaluate and treat people who stutter. It is also intended to be an academic textbook used in graduate courses on fluency and stuttering. This text provides a collection of well-thought-out programs and approaches that help treat the whole person, not just his or her stuttering. The authors believe that this is best practice because successfully treating a person who stutters encompasses treating more than fluency.

Handbook of Child Behavior Therapy

Download Handbook of Child Behavior Therapy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461553237
Total Pages : 506 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Child Behavior Therapy by : T. Steuart Watson

Download or read book Handbook of Child Behavior Therapy written by T. Steuart Watson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The genesis of this book occurred several years ago provide readers with not only the "what to do" of child behavior therapy, but the "how to do it" as in Seattle on the veranda of a Chilean cafe overlook well. Each of the chapters guides the reader through ing Pikes Place Market during a National Associa tion of School Psychologists conference. We were the clinical decision-making process, from identify ing a problem to evaluating the effectiveness of a discussing, along with several other behavioral school psychologists, how the field of child behavior chosen intervention. One of the difficulties in assembling an edited analysis and therapy has experienced rapid growth over the past forty years, but lamenting that books in book is ensuring a high degree of continuity and the area did not reflect the advancements made in the similarity between chapters, without infringing on assessment and treatment of a wide variety of prob the individual writing style of the authors. This lem behaviors evidenced by children. That is not to book is certainly no exception. To help with conti say that there are no good books available to the child nuity, we provided the authors with an outline to use behavior therapist. In fact, most readers of this book as a guide as they prepared their manuscripts. The undoubtedly have bookshelves lined with noteworthy operative word here is "guide.

Stuttering

Download Stuttering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Prentice Hall
ISBN 13 : 9780138589851
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (898 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Stuttering by : Harold L. Luper

Download or read book Stuttering written by Harold L. Luper and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1964-04 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Treatment of Stuttering

Download Treatment of Stuttering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : LWW
ISBN 13 : 9780781771047
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (71 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Treatment of Stuttering by : Barry Guitar

Download or read book Treatment of Stuttering written by Barry Guitar and published by LWW. This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using an evidence-based approach, this textbook and clinical reference gives you the tools to determine the optimal treatment to eliminate or reduce a client's stuttering. Moreover, it guides you step by step through the implementation of all the latest tested and proven treatments. Treatment of Stuttering begins with a discussion of basic concepts that helps you better understand the science underlying the treatment options. The book is then organized into sections, with an overview chapter beginning each section that offers a critical evaluation f the treatments covered in that section. The final chapter shows you how to manage specific clinical scenarios, taking advantage of everything you've learned from the text. Features to Help You Treat stuttering successfully- Summary tables beginning each section offer a quick overview of the core elements of the treatments covered in the section. Key terms that you need to understand are in bold in the text and defined in the glossary. Case studies with critical thinking questions put you in the place of a speech pathologist evaluating clients, deciding treatments, and solving problems. Chapter review questions enable you to access your grasp of key concepts as you advance in the text. Suggested readings lead to additional information about specific Stuttering treatments. Written by leading speech pathologists Barry Guitar and Rebecca McCauley, Treatment of Stuttering is a reference you can count on to guide you to the best treatments for your clients. Book jacket.

Effective Counseling in Stuttering Therapy

Download Effective Counseling in Stuttering Therapy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (671 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Effective Counseling in Stuttering Therapy by : Stuttering Foundation of America

Download or read book Effective Counseling in Stuttering Therapy written by Stuttering Foundation of America and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Gabbard's Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders

Download Gabbard's Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : American Psychiatric Pub
ISBN 13 : 158562540X
Total Pages : 1250 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (856 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Gabbard's Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders by : Glen O. Gabbard

Download or read book Gabbard's Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders written by Glen O. Gabbard and published by American Psychiatric Pub. This book was released on 2014-05-05 with total page 1250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive treatment textbook in psychiatry, this fifth edition of Gabbard's Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders has been thoroughly restructured to reflect the new DSM-5® categories, preserving its value as a state-of-the-art resource and increasing its utility in the field. The editors have produced a volume that is both comprehensive and concise, meeting the needs of clinicians who prefer a single, user-friendly volume. In the service of brevity, the book focuses on treatment over diagnostic considerations, and addresses both empirically-validated treatments and accumulated clinical wisdom where research is lacking. Noteworthy features include the following: Content is organized according to DSM-5® categories to make for rapid retrieval of relevant treatment information for the busy clinician. Outcome studies and expert opinion are presented in an accessible way to help the clinician know what treatment to use for which disorder, and how to tailor the treatment to the patient. Content is restricted to the major psychiatric conditions seen in clinical practice while leaving out less common conditions and those that have limited outcome research related to the disorder, resulting in a more streamlined and affordable text. Chapters are meticulously referenced and include dozens of tables, figures, and other illustrative features that enhance comprehension and recall. An authoritative resource for psychiatrists, psychologists, and psychiatric nurses, and an outstanding reference for students in the mental health professions, Gabbard's Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders, Fifth Edition, will prove indispensable to clinicians seeking to provide excellent care while transitioning to a DSM-5® world.

Palin Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for Early Childhood Stammering

Download Palin Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for Early Childhood Stammering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351122339
Total Pages : 471 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (511 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Palin Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for Early Childhood Stammering by : Elaine Kelman

Download or read book Palin Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for Early Childhood Stammering written by Elaine Kelman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-04-02 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now available in a fully revised and updated second edition, this practical manual is a detailed guide to the Palin Parent–Child Interaction Therapy programme (Palin PCI) developed at the Michael Palin Centre for Stammering (MPC). Palin PCI builds on the principle that parents play a critical role in effective therapy and that understanding and managing stammering is a collaborative journey between the child, parent and therapist. This book emphasises a need for open communication about stammering, offering a combination of indirect techniques such as video feedback, interaction strategies and confidence building, along with direct techniques to teach a child what they can do to help themselves. This second edition: Reflects the most up-to-date research in areas such as neurology, genetics, temperament and the impact of stammering on children and their families Offers photocopiable resources, such as assessment tools, information sheets and therapy handouts, to support the implementation of Palin PCI Focuses on empowerment through building communication confidence in children who stammer and developing knowledge and confidence in their parents Based on a strong theoretical framework, this book offers a comprehensive understanding of the Palin PCI approach in order to support generalist and specialist speech and language therapists as they develop their knowledge, skills and confidence in working with young children who stammer and their families. For more information about Alison and her work, please visit www.alisonnicholasslt.co.uk. To learn more about Elaine and her work, please visit www.michaelpalincentreforstammering.org.

Stuttering and Related Disorders of Fluency

Download Stuttering and Related Disorders of Fluency PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Thieme
ISBN 13 : 9780865777644
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (776 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Stuttering and Related Disorders of Fluency by : Richard Frederick Curlee

Download or read book Stuttering and Related Disorders of Fluency written by Richard Frederick Curlee and published by Thieme. This book was released on 1999 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers the evaluation and treatment of children who stutter; decreasing stuttering in adolescents and adults; the evaluation and treatment of clients presenting disorders of fluency (cluttering, stuttering acquired following neurological damage, and acquired psychogenic stuttering); and management s

Encyclopedia of Behavior Modification and Cognitive Behavior Therapy

Download Encyclopedia of Behavior Modification and Cognitive Behavior Therapy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1452265216
Total Pages : 1857 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (522 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Behavior Modification and Cognitive Behavior Therapy by : Michel Hersen

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Behavior Modification and Cognitive Behavior Therapy written by Michel Hersen and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2005-01-25 with total page 1857 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The three-volume Encyclopedia of Behavior Modification and Cognitive Behavior Therapy provides a thorough examination of the components of behavior modification, behavior therapy, cognitive behavior therapy, and applied behavior analysis for both child and adult populations in a variety of settings. Although the focus is on technical applications, entries also provide the historical context in which behavior therapists have worked, including research issues and strategies. Entries on assessment, ethical concerns, theoretical differences, and the unique contributions of key figures in the movement (including B. F. Skinner, Joseph Wolpe, Aaron T. Beck, and many others) are also included. No other reference source provides such comprehensive treatment of behavior modification—history, biography, theory, and application. Thematic Coverage The first of the thematic volumes covers Adult Clinical Applications. Adults are the most common population encountered by researchers, clinicians, and students, and therefore more than 150 entries were needed to cover all necessary methods. The second volume covers Child Clinical Applications in 140 entries. One especially useful aspect of this volume will be the complications sections, addressing "what can go wrong" in working with children. This is an area often overlooked in journal articles on the subject. Volume III, Educational Applications, addresses a range of strategies and principles of applied behavior analysis, positive behavior support, and behavior modification and therapy. These entries focus on classroom and school contexts in which the instructional and behavioral interactions between teachers and their learners are emphasized. Unique, Easy-to-Follow Format Each of the volumes′ entries address a full range of mental health conditions and their respective treatments, with the aim of providing systematic and scientific evaluation of clinical interventions in a fashion which will lend itself to the particular style of treatment common to behavior modification. Major entries for specific strategies follow a similar format: 1. Description of the Strategy 2. Research Basis 3. Relevant Target Populations and Exceptions 4. Complications 5. Case Illustration 6. Suggested Readings 7. Key Words Biographical sketches include the following: 1. Birthplace and Date 2. Early Influences 3. Education History 4. Professional Models 5. Major Contributions to the Field 6. Current Work and Views 7. Future Plans Readership This encyclopedia was designed to enhance the resources available to students, scholars, practitioners, and other interested social science readers. The use of in-text citations, jargon, and descriptions of research designs and statistics has been minimized, making this an accessible, comprehensive resource for students and scholars alike. Academic and research librarians in the social sciences, health, and medicine will all find this an invaluable addition to their collections. Key Features Three thematic volumes and over 430 total entries Five anchor articles in each volume provide context on major issues within the field Key words and lists of suggested readings follow each entry Contributions by internationally renowned authors from England, Germany, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United States Volume Editors Volume I: Adult Clinical Applications Michel Hersen & Johan Rosqvist Pacific University Volume II: Child Clinical Applications Alan M. Gross & Ronald S. Drabman University of Mississippi Volume III: Educational Applications George Sugai & Robert Horner University of Oregon Advisory Board Thomas M. Achenbach, Ph.D. Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Stewart W. Agras, M.D. Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Stanford University School of Medicine David H. Barlow, Ph.D., ABPP Center of Anxiety and Related Disorders, Boston University Alan S. Bellack, Ph.D., ABPP Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine Edward B. Blanchard, Ph.D. Department of Psychology, University of Albany, SUNY James E. Carr, Ph.D. Department of Psychology, Western Michigan University Anthony J. Cuvo, Ph.D. Rehabilitation Institute, Southern Illinois University Gerald C. Davison, Ph.D. Department of Psychology, University of Southern California Eric F. Dubow, Ph.D. Psychology Department, Bowling Green State University Rex L. Forehand, Ph.D. Psychology Department, University of Vermont Arnold A. Lazarus, Ph.D., ABPP Center for Multimodal Psychological Services Robert P. Liberman, M.D. Department of Psychiatry, West Louisiana VA Medical Center Scott O. Lilienfeld, Ph.D. Department of Psychology, Emory University Marsha M. Linehan, Ph.D., ABPP Department of Psychology, University of Washington Nathaniel McConaghy, DSc, M.D. School of Psychiatry, University of N.S.W, Australia Rosemery O. Nelson-Gray, Ph.D. Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Greensboro Lars-Göran Öst, Ph.D. Department of Psychology, Stockholms Universitet, Sweden Alan D. Poling, Ph.D. Department of Psychology, Western Michigan University Wendy K. Silverman, Ph.D. Department of Psychology, Florida International University Gail Steketee, Ph.D. School of Social Work, Boston University Douglas W. Woods, Ph.D. Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee

The Nature of Stuttering

Download The Nature of Stuttering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 488 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (4 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Nature of Stuttering by : Charles Van Riper

Download or read book The Nature of Stuttering written by Charles Van Riper and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Stuttering and Cluttering

Download Stuttering and Cluttering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1135425205
Total Pages : 455 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (354 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Stuttering and Cluttering by : David Ward

Download or read book Stuttering and Cluttering written by David Ward and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2008-06-03 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stuttering and Cluttering provides a comprehensive overview of both theoretical and treatment aspects of disorders of fluency: stuttering (also known as stammering) and the lesser-known cluttering. The book demonstrates how treatment strategies relate to the various theories as to why stuttering and cluttering arise, and how they develop. Uniquely, it outlines the major approaches to treatment alongside alternative methods, including drug treatment and recent auditory feedback procedures. Part one looks at different perspectives on causation and development, emphasizing that in many cases these apparently different approaches are inextricably intertwined. Part two covers the assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation of stuttering and cluttering. In addition to chapters on established approaches, there are sections on alternative therapies, including drug therapy, and auditory feedback, together with a chapter on counselling. Reference is made to a number of established treatment programs, but the focus is on the more detailed description of specific landmark approaches. These provide a framework from which the reader may not only understand others’ treatment procedures, but also a perspective from which they can develop their own. Offering a clear, accessible and comprehensive account of both the theoretical underpinning of stammering therapy and its practical implications, the book will be of interest to speech language therapy students, as well as qualified therapists, psychologists, and to those who stutter and clutter.

Advice to Those who Stutter

Download Advice to Those who Stutter PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780933388390
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (883 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advice to Those who Stutter by : Stuttering Foundation of America

Download or read book Advice to Those who Stutter written by Stuttering Foundation of America and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication has articles written by men and women who stutter themselves and who are now or have been speech pathologists.

Stuttering Therapy

Download Stuttering Therapy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (1 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Stuttering Therapy by :

Download or read book Stuttering Therapy written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains six papers presented by speech therapists at a conference dealing with principles and procedures that are crucial to transfer and maintenance of the modification of stuttering and the production of increased fluency. E. G. Conture, in "The General Problem of Change," addresses some of the general issues which affect the transfer of speech improvement skills learned during speech therapy to speech incidents outside of the therapeutic environment. In "Working with Children in the School Environment," D. E. Williams considers ways to accomplish--and some of the problems associated with--transfer and maintenance in stuttering therapy for elementary school aged children. The third paper, "Behavioral Transfer and Maintenance Programs for Adolescent and Adult Stutterers" by E. Boberg, discusses the rationale and strategies used in transfer and maintenance programs for adults and adolescents. "An Alternative to Automatic Fluency," by W. H. Perkins considers the question of automaticity of fluent speech and whether it can be achieved and maintained through speech therapy. In "Body Concept, Self Concept and Balance," E. Versteegh-Vermeij encourages the addded dimension of body awareness, individual needs and self-concept development in speech therapy programs. J. G. Sheehan, "Relapse and Recovery from Stuttering," identifies sources and causes of relapse in stuttering and ways in which to make these factors work in favor of the stutterer. A final commentary paper by H. H. Gregory, highlights topics discussed at the conference, including: attitude change; acceptance; therapy intervention; and maintenance. (CB)

Early Childhood Stuttering Therapy

Download Early Childhood Stuttering Therapy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780983753872
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (538 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Early Childhood Stuttering Therapy by : Nina Reeves

Download or read book Early Childhood Stuttering Therapy written by Nina Reeves and published by . This book was released on 2017-02-28 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

From Stuttering to Fluency

Download From Stuttering to Fluency PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781494302580
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (25 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis From Stuttering to Fluency by : Gunars K. Neiders Psy.D.

Download or read book From Stuttering to Fluency written by Gunars K. Neiders Psy.D. and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-12 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From Stuttering to Fluency: Manage Your Emotions and Live More Fully is the first book showing how to use evidence-based, cognitive behavioral therapy and selected stuttering modification techniques to eliminate stuttering. This inspirational "how to" book shows you why current stuttering therapies fail to produce lasting results. Unlike other books on the subject, From Stuttering to Fluency directly and systematically addresses the attitudes and emotions associated with stuttering. The emotional control techniques taught in this book show the person who stutters how to overcome fear and shame and live life to the fullest. From Stuttering to Fluency shows how an attitude of self-acceptance, combined with speech manipulation techniques, reduces blocks and struggling speech, and increases speech fluency.