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Studies On Proteins Of Yeast Mitochondrial Atp Synthase Based On Gene Analysis And Controlled Gene Expression
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Book Synopsis Studies on Proteins of Yeast Mitochondrial ATP Synthase Based on Gene Analysis and Controlled Gene Expression by : Robyn Gray
Download or read book Studies on Proteins of Yeast Mitochondrial ATP Synthase Based on Gene Analysis and Controlled Gene Expression written by Robyn Gray and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mitochondrial Gene Expression written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Studies on Subunits 8 and 9 of Yeast Mitochondrial ATP Synthase by : Hong Ping Law
Download or read book Studies on Subunits 8 and 9 of Yeast Mitochondrial ATP Synthase written by Hong Ping Law and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analysis of Mitochondrial Gene Expression Using Synthetic Mitochondrial Reporter Proteins in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae by : Christina Marie Demlow
Download or read book Analysis of Mitochondrial Gene Expression Using Synthetic Mitochondrial Reporter Proteins in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae written by Christina Marie Demlow and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Molecular Genetic Investigations Into the Expression of Yeast Mitochondrial ATP Synthase Subunit 9 by : Leon Helfenbaum
Download or read book Molecular Genetic Investigations Into the Expression of Yeast Mitochondrial ATP Synthase Subunit 9 written by Leon Helfenbaum and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Factors Affecting Nuclear-encoded Mitochondrial Gene Expression by : Yuko Sugiyama
Download or read book Factors Affecting Nuclear-encoded Mitochondrial Gene Expression written by Yuko Sugiyama and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protein production is tightly regulated by post transcription factors to control internal cellular elements and adapt themselves to the surrounding environment, such as the nutrient availability, temperature and oxygen absence. Translational elongation is one of the regulators for protein production. The mRNA localization to mitochondria during translational elongation has been reported to induce the increase in its protein production. The metabolic shift is a key factor for ATP synthase genes to localize its mRNAs to mitochondria during respiration to escalate ATP productions under oxidative phosphorylation. In the respiration, some ATP synthase genes are reported to induce the localization switching metabolism from fermentation to respiration. We have been investigating if slowing translational elongation can improve the protein production in conditionally localized mRNAs. Here we found that the ATP2 and ATP4 in yeast cells have decent increases in mRNA levels upon translational elongation slowing. In addition to it, the promoter has a certain effect in protein induction under respiration, but promoter combined with ORF has the stronger effect in it. To identify genes involved in mRNA localization-dependent gene expression, we have constructed the design of CRISPRi screening with a group of gRNAs targets various promoters in yeast cells in combination with a MCP-MS2 system to target a reporter mRNA to the mitochondria.
Book Synopsis Yeast Models of Diseases Linked to the Mitochondrial ATP6 Gene by : Xin Su (biologiste).)
Download or read book Yeast Models of Diseases Linked to the Mitochondrial ATP6 Gene written by Xin Su (biologiste).) and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By definition, mitochondrial diseases result from a defect in the process of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). This is responsible for the production of ATP, the main source of cellular energy. In this process, four multiprotein complexes (I-IV) inserted into the inner mitochondrial membrane transfer to molecular oxygen the reducing equivalents released by the oxidation of carbohydrates and fatty acids. This activity generates a proton motive force used for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate by the Complex V or ATP synthase.Diseases including NARP (Neuropathy Ataxia Retinitis Pigmentosa) and MILS (Maternally Inherited Leigh Syndrome) have been associated with mutations in the subunit a of ATP synthase. Its gene (ATP6) is in the mitochondrial genome. This genome is present in up to several thousand copies per cell. Mutations in the ATP6 gene often coexist with wild-type copies of the mitochondrial genome in patients' cells and tissues (heteroplasmy), which makes their study difficult. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, whose mitochondrial genome can be modified at will, makes it possible to overcome this genetic heterogeneity owing to its incapacity to stably maintaining heteroplasmy. In addition, thanks to its good fermentation capacity, this organism is able to survive mutations that inactivate the OXPHOS system.During my thesis, I exploited these characteristics to better define the consequences on ATP synthase of five ATP6 gene mutations identified in patients: m.8969G>A, m.9191T>C, m.8993T>G, m.8909T>C, and m.9166T>C. The pathogenicity of the first three has been established. The last two are new mitochondrial DNA variants. Through the identification of intragenic suppressors, and in the light of high-resolution structures of ATP synthase described recently, I was able to define the molecular bases of the pathogenic mechanisms induced by the m.8993T>G, m.9191T>C and m.8969G>A mutations. The m.8909T>C variant was identified in combination with a well-known pathogenic mutation in tRNALeu (m.3243A>G). We have found that an equivalent of this new mutation in yeast has deleterious effects on the assembly/stability of the subunit a comparable to those induced by mutations of the ATP6 gene (m.8993T>C, m.9176T>C) with a well-established pathogenicity, and therefore has the potential to affect human health on its own. My studies in yeast are consistent with studies that recently concluded on the pathogenicity of the m.9166T>C variant and allow to better understand how it impacts ATP synthase.I have identified an active suppressor mechanism in yeast models of pathogenic subunit a mutations. It involves the oxodicarboxylate transporter (Odc1) located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. I have found that artificially overexpressing Odc1 allows for greater Krebs cycle (or TCA) activity. This cycle is involved in the oxidation of organic substrates whose reducing equivalents are then transferred to oxygen by the respiratory chain. It runs low in ATP synthase mutants with impaired proton channel activity. The Odc1-dependent suppressor activity results from a partial uncoupling of the inner membrane so that the TCA cycle is stimulated despite the presence of defect in ATP synthase. This effect allows a greater production of ATP via ADP phosphorylation coupled with one of the reactions of the Krebs cycle. These results open interesting perspectives for the treatment of diseases associated with alterations in ATP synthase, and possibly other metabolic disorders. This study also sheds new light on the control of complex IV biogenesis by ATP synthase.
Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mitochondrial Genome Evolution by : Laurence Marechal-Drouard
Download or read book Mitochondrial Genome Evolution written by Laurence Marechal-Drouard and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-10-03 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Botanical Research publishes in-depth and up-to-date reviews on a wide range of topics in plant sciences. Features a wide range of reviews by recognized experts on all aspects of plant genetics, biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, physiology and ecology. This thematic volume features reviews on Mitochondrial genome evolution. Publishes in-depth and up-to-date reviews on a wide range of topics in plant sciences Features a wide range of reviews by recognized experts on all aspects of plant genetics, biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, physiology and ecology This thematic volume features reviews on mitochondrial genome evolution
Book Synopsis Biochemical and Genetic Studies of Mitochondrial Protein Synthesis in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae by : Changkeun Lee
Download or read book Biochemical and Genetic Studies of Mitochondrial Protein Synthesis in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae written by Changkeun Lee and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protein synthesis in archaebacteria and the cytoplasm of eukaryotes is initiated using the initiator methionyl-tRNA (Met-tRNA[subscript i][superscript Met]). In contrast, formylated methionyltRNA (fMet-tRNA[subscript i][superscript Met][subscript f]) is found in eubacteria, and in chloroplasts and mitochondria of eukaryotes, and this formylated initiator tRNA was widely believed to be required for initiation of protein synthesis in those systems. However, the fact that initiation of protein synthesis in yeast mitochondria can occur with unformylated initiator tRNA has changed our perspective about the initiation of mitochondrial protein synthesis. This dissertation is composed of two parts. Part I describes an investigation of the yeast AEP3 gene which was isolated by a genetic screening system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The main goal of this part was to discover new accessory factor(s) that might be involved in initiation of protein syntheis of yeast mitochondria when there is no formylation of initiator tRNA and determine how they support the initiation process in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The synthetic petite genetic screen identified the AEP3 gene. Protein-protein binding assays as well as protein-initiator tRNA binding assays indicate that Aep3p is associated with the initiation process in yeast mitochondrial protein synthesis. This discovery is important because it suggests the possible mechanism by which initiation of protein synthesis in yeast mitochondria occur under conditions where there is no formylation of initiator tRNA. Part II describes a study of the TRM5 gene encoding a tRNA methyltransferase in S. cerevisiae. The TRM5 gene encodes a tRNA (guanine-N1- )-methyltransferase (Trm5p) previously known to methylate guanosine at position 37 (m1G37) in certain cytoplasmic tRNAs in S. cerevisiae. The main goal of this part was to investigate whether Trm5p is also responsible for m1G37 modification of mitochondrial tRNAs. Full-length Trm5p, purified as a fusion protein with maltose-binding protein, exhibited robust methyltransferase activity with tRNA isolated from a [Delta]trm5 mutant strain, as well as with a synthetic mitochondrial tRNA[superscript Met][subscript f] and tRNA[superscript Phe]. High pressure liquid chromatography analysis showed the methylated product to be m1G. Analysis of subcellular fractionation and immunoblotting revealed that the enzyme was localized to both cytoplasm and mitochondria. Our data including the analysis of N-terminal truncation mutants suggest that this tRNA modification plays an important role in reading frame maintenance in mitochondrial protein synthesis.
Book Synopsis Biogenesis of Mitochondrial ATP Synthase and Its Dysfunction Leading to Diseases by : Anna Magdalena Kabala
Download or read book Biogenesis of Mitochondrial ATP Synthase and Its Dysfunction Leading to Diseases written by Anna Magdalena Kabala and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mitochondrial F1FO-ATP synthase produces most of the cellular energy in aerobiceukaryotes under the form of ATP in the process of oxidative phosphorylation. This enzymehas in most species a double genetic origin, nuclear and mitochondrial. In the first part of thiswork, I describe the construction of yeast models of ATP synthase mutations in themitochondrial ATP6 gene, that have been found in patients presenting with neurologicaldisorders (9185T>C and 9191T>C) and in tumors (8716A>G, 8914C>A, 8932C>T,8953A>G and 9131T>C). The ATP6 gene encodes an essential subunit (called a/6) of theATP synthase proton-translocating domain (FO). The 9185T>C mutation had no effect on theassembly of ATP synthase, but reduces the rate of ATP synthesis by 30%. The 9191T>Cmutation almost completely prevented incorporation of the subunit a/6 into the ATP synthase.The five mutations found in tumors had modest, if at all, effect, indicating that thesemutations probably do not favor tumorigenesis, as was hypothesized. In the second part of mythesis, I studied the regulation of synthesis of subunits a/6 and 9 in yeast mitochondria. Thesubunit 9 is present in 10 copies forming a ring that interacts with subunit 6. Protonmovements through the FO induce the rotation of the subunit 9-ring, which results inconformational changes that promote ATP synthesis in the catalytic sector (F1) of ATPsynthase. I discovered mechanisms that enable the coupling of the synthesis of these proteinsto their assembly, as a means to ensure the production of subunits 6 and 9 in the rightstoichiometry and to avoid accumulation of potentially harmful assembly intermediates of theATP synthase.
Book Synopsis Mitochondria and Cancer by : Keshav Singh
Download or read book Mitochondria and Cancer written by Keshav Singh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-05 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly a century of scientific research has revealed that mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the most common and consistent phenotypes of cancer cells. A number of notable differences in the mitochondria of normal and cancer cells have been described. These include differences in mitochondrial metabolic activity, molecular composition of mitochondria and mtDNA sequence, as well as in alteration of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins. This book, Mitochondria and Cancer, edited by Keshav K. Singh and Leslie C. Costello, presents thorough analyses of mitochondrial dysfunction as one of the hallmarks of cancer, discusses the clinical implications of mitochondrial defects in cancer, and as unique cellular targets for novel and selective anti-cancer therapy.
Book Synopsis Protein Targeting to Mitochondria by : F.U. Hartl
Download or read book Protein Targeting to Mitochondria written by F.U. Hartl and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1997-02-24 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large number of newly-synthesized polypeptides must cross one or several intracellular membranes to reach their functional locations in the eukaryotic cell. The mechanisms of protein trafficking, in particular the post-translational targeting and membrane translocation of proteins, are of fundamental biological importance and are the focus of intensive research world-wide. For more than 15 years, mitochondria have served as the paradigm organelle system to study these processes. Although key questions, such as how precisely proteins cross a membrane, still remain to be answered, exciting progress has been made in understanding the basic pathways of protein import into mitochondria and the components involved. In addition to a fascinating richness and complexity in detail, the analysis of mitochondrial protein import has revealed mechanistic principles of general significance: Major discoveries include the demonstration of the requirement of an unfolded state for translocation and of the essential role of molecular chaperones on both sides of the membranes in maintaining a translocation-competent conformation and in protein folding after import. It is becoming clear how a polypeptide chain is "reeled" across the membrane in an ATP-dependent process by the functional cooperation of membrane proteins, presumably constituting part of a transmembrane channel, with peripheral components at the trans-side of the membrane.In this volume, eminent experts in the field take the time to review the central aspects of mitochondrial biogenesis. The logical order of the 16 chapters is determined by the sequence of steps during protein import, starting with the events taking place in the cytosol, followed by the recognition of targeting signals, the translocation of precursor proteins across the outer and inner membranes, their proteolytic processing and intramitochondrial sorting, and finally their folding and oligomeric assembly. In addition, the mechanisms involved in the export of mitochondrially encoded proteins as well as recent advances in understanding the division and inheritance of mitochondria will be discussed.
Book Synopsis Mitochondrial Function by : William S. Allison
Download or read book Mitochondrial Function written by William S. Allison and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Molecular System Bioenergetics by : Valdur Saks
Download or read book Molecular System Bioenergetics written by Valdur Saks and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-01-08 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this first integrated view, practically each of the world's leading experts has contributed to this one and only authoritative resource on the topic. Bringing systems biology to cellular energetics, they address in detail such novel concepts as metabolite channeling and medical aspects of metabolic syndrome and cancer.
Book Synopsis Membrane Protein Purification and Crystallization by : Carola Hunte
Download or read book Membrane Protein Purification and Crystallization written by Carola Hunte and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-01-05 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of Membrane Protein Purification and Crystallization, A Practical Guide is written for bench scientists working in the fields of biochemistry, biology, and proteomic research. This guide presents isolation and crystallization techniques in a concise form, emphasizing the critical aspects unique to membrane proteins. It explains the principles of the methods and provides protocols of general use, permitting researchers and students new to this area to adapt these techniques to their particular needs. This edition is not only an update but is comprised mainly of new contributions. It is the first monograph compiling the essential approaches for membrane protein crystallization, and emphasizes recent progress in production and purification of recombinant membrane proteins. Provides general guidelines and strategies for isolation and crystallization of membrane proteins Gives detailed protocols that have wide application, and low specialized equipment needs Emphasizes recent progress in production and purification of recombinant membrane proteins, especially of histidine-tagged and other affinity-epitope-tagged proteins Summarizes recent developments of Blue-Native PAGE, a high resolution separation technique, which is independent of the use of recombinant techniques, and is especially suited for proteomic analyses of membrane protein complexes Gives detailed protocols for membrane protein crystallization, and describes the production and use of antibody fragments for high resolution crystallization Presents a comprehensive guide to 2D-crystallization of membrane proteins
Book Synopsis Biomedical Index to PHS-supported Research: pt. A. Subject access A-H by :
Download or read book Biomedical Index to PHS-supported Research: pt. A. Subject access A-H written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1064 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
