Stormtrooper Families

Download Stormtrooper Families full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Stormtrooper Families ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Stormtrooper Families

Author : Andrew Wackerfuss
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 1939594065
Total Pages : 409 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (395 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Stormtrooper Families by : Andrew Wackerfuss

Download or read book Stormtrooper Families written by Andrew Wackerfuss and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2015-08-18 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on extensive archival work, Stormtrooper Families combines stormtrooper personnel records, Nazi Party autobiographies, published and unpublished memoirs, personal letters, court records, and police-surveillance records to paint a picture of the stormtrooper movement as an organic product of its local community, its web of interpersonal relationships, and its intensely emotional internal struggles. Extensive analysis of Nazi-era media across the political spectrum shows how the public debate over homosexuality proved just as important to political outcomes as did the actual presence of homosexuals in fascist and antifascist politics. As children in the late-imperial period, the stormtroopers witnessed the first German debates over homosexuality and political life. As young adults, they verbally and physically battled over these definitions, bringing conflicts over homosexuality and masculinity into the center of Weimar Germany's most important political debates. Stormtrooper Families chronicles the stormtroopers' personal, political, and sexual struggles to explain not only how individual gay men existed within the Nazi movement but also how the public meaning of homosexuality affected fascist and antifascist politics—a public controversy still alive today.

Stormtroopers

Author : Daniel Siemens
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300196814
Total Pages : 519 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (1 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Stormtroopers by : Daniel Siemens

Download or read book Stormtroopers written by Daniel Siemens and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2017-01-01 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction: a night of violence -- Turmoil in post-war Germany and the origins of the Nazi SA -- Stormtrooper street politics: mobilization in times of crisis -- The SA cult of youth and violence in the Weimar Republic -- Terror, excitement, and frustration -- The "Röhm purge" and the myth of the homosexual Nazi -- The transformation of the SA between 1934 and 1939 -- Streetfighters into farmers? The SA and the "Germanization" of the European east -- Stormtroopers in the Second World War -- SA diplomats and the Holocaust in Southeastern Europe -- "Not guilty": the legacy of the SA in Germany after the Second World War -- Conclusion: the SA and National Socialism

Drunk on Genocide

Author : Edward B. Westermann
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501754211
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Drunk on Genocide by : Edward B. Westermann

Download or read book Drunk on Genocide written by Edward B. Westermann and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2021-03-15 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Drunk on Genocide, Edward B. Westermann reveals how, over the course of the Third Reich, scenes involving alcohol consumption and revelry among the SS and police became a routine part of rituals of humiliation in the camps, ghettos, and killing fields of Eastern Europe. Westermann draws on a vast range of newly unearthed material to explore how alcohol consumption served as a literal and metaphorical lubricant for mass murder. It facilitated "performative masculinity," expressly linked to physical or sexual violence. Such inebriated exhibitions extended from meetings of top Nazi officials to the rank and file, celebrating at the grave sites of their victims. Westermann argues that, contrary to the common misconception of the SS and police as stone-cold killers, they were, in fact, intoxicated with the act of murder itself. Drunk on Genocide highlights the intersections of masculinity, drinking ritual, sexual violence, and mass murder to expose the role of alcohol and celebratory ritual in the Nazi genocide of European Jews. Its surprising and disturbing findings offer a new perspective on the mindset, motivation, and mentality of killers as they prepared for, and participated in, mass extermination. Published in Association with the US Holocaust Memorial Museum.

Race and Gender in Modern Western Warfare

Author : David Ulbrich
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 311058879X
Total Pages : 550 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (15 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Race and Gender in Modern Western Warfare by : David Ulbrich

Download or read book Race and Gender in Modern Western Warfare written by David Ulbrich and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-03 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book fills a gap in the historiographical and theoretical fields of race, gender, and war. In brief, Race and Gender in Modern Western Warfare (RGMWW) offers an introduction into how cultural constructions of identity are transformed by war and how they in turn influence the nature of military institutions and conflicts. Focusing on the modern West, this project begins by introducing the contours of race and gender theories as they have evolved and how they are employed by historians, anthropologists, sociologists, and other scholars. The project then mixes chronological narrative with analysis and historiography as it takes the reader through a series of case studies, ranging from the early nineteenth century to the Global War of Terror. The purpose throughout is not merely to create a list of so-called "great moments" in race and gender, but to create a meta-landscape in which readers can learn to identify for themselves the disjunctures, flaws, and critical synergies in the traditional memory and history of a largely monochrome and male-exclusive military experience. The final chapter considers the current challenges that Western societies, particularly the United States, face in imposing social diversity and tolerance on statist military structures in a climates of sometimes vitriolic public debate. RGMWW represents our effort to blend race, gender, and military war, to problematize these intersections, and then provide some answers to those problems.

Sexuality in Modern German History

Author : Katie Sutton
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 135001009X
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (5 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Sexuality in Modern German History by : Katie Sutton

Download or read book Sexuality in Modern German History written by Katie Sutton and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2023-01-12 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sexuality in Modern German History offers both a detailed survey of this key subject and a new intervention in the history of sexuality in modern Germany. It investigates the diverse and often contradictory ways in which individuals, activists, doctors, politicians, artists, church leaders, reform movements and cultural commentators have defined 'normal' or 'natural' sexuality in Germany over the past two centuries. Katie Sutton explores how these definitions have been used to shape identities, behaviours, bodies and practices, from norms of heterosexual, marital, reproductive sex to ideas around the policing and categorisation of 'unnatural' or 'deviant' bodies and practices. Covering a range of crucial themes, including birth control, prostitution, queer and trans rights and heterosexual intimacy, this important text comes with 30 illustrations and a wealth of primary source extracts and secondary literature, helpfully integrated to enable further insight and analysis. This is a vital volume for all students and scholars with an interested in modern Germany or the history of sexuality in modern Europe.

Hitler and Nazi Germany

Author : Jackson J. Spielvogel
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351003720
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (51 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Hitler and Nazi Germany by : Jackson J. Spielvogel

Download or read book Hitler and Nazi Germany written by Jackson J. Spielvogel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-05-05 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hitler and Nazi Germany: A History is a brief but comprehensive survey of the Third Reich based on current research findings that provides a balanced approach to the study of Hitler’s role in the history of the Third Reich. The book considers the economic, social, and political forces that made possible the rise and development of Nazism; the institutional, cultural, and social life of the Third Reich; World War II; and the Holocaust. World War II and the Holocaust are presented as logical outcomes of the ideology of Hitler and the Nazi movement. This new edition contains more information on the Kaiserreich (Imperial Germany), as well as Nazi complicity in the Reichstag Fire and increased discussion of consent and dissent during the Nazi attempt to create the ideal Volksgemeinschaft (people’s community). It takes a greater focus on the experiences of ordinary bystanders, perpetrators, and victims throughout the text, includes more discussion of race and space, and the final chapter has been completely revised. Fully updated, the book ensures that students gain a complete and thorough picture of the period and issues. Supported by maps, images, and thoroughly updated bibliographies that offer further reading suggestions for students to take their study further, the book offers the perfect overview of Hitler and the Third Reich.

European Fascist Movements

Author : Roland Clark
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000869334
Total Pages : 453 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis European Fascist Movements by : Roland Clark

Download or read book European Fascist Movements written by Roland Clark and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-05-31 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers a fresh and original collection of primary sources on interwar European fascist movements. These sources reflect new approaches to fascism that emphasise the practical, transnational experience of fascism as a social movement, contextualising ideological statements within the historical moments they were produced. Divided into 18 geographically based chapters, contributors draw together the history of various fascist and right-wing movements, selecting sources that reflect themes such as transnational ties, aesthetics, violence, female activism, and the instrumentalisation of race, gender, and religion. Each chapter provides a chronological, narrative account of movements interspersed with complete primary sources, from political speeches, internal movement circulars and articles, police reports, oral history, songs and music, photographs, artworks, poetry, and anti-fascist sources. The volume as a whole seeks to introduce readers to the diversity of fascist groups across the continent, to show how fascist groups were constituted through social bonds, rather than around fixed ideologies, and to capture the inexperience and ad hoc character of early fascist groups. With an Introduction that explains the volume’s theoretical approach and elaborates on the chronology of European fascism, this is the perfect sourcebook for any student of Modern European history and politics. The book is accompanied by a free app, available for download for iOS and Android from: https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/it/app-directory/fascistmovements/ You can use the app to identify places where fascist groups were active during the 1920s and 1930s, and to get a glimpse of what life was like during ‘the age of fascism’. The app includes interactive maps, descriptions of 76 points of interest, and images for each point of interest.

The People's Dictatorship

Author : Alan E. Steinweis
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009324977
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (93 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The People's Dictatorship by : Alan E. Steinweis

Download or read book The People's Dictatorship written by Alan E. Steinweis and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-01-26 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this up-to-date, succinct, and highly readable volume, Alan E. Steinweis presents a new synthesis of the origins, development, and downfall of Nazi Germany. After tracing the intellectual and cultural origins of Nazi ideology, the book recounts the rise and eventual victory of the Nazi movement against the background of the struggling Weimar Republic. The book details the rapid transformation of Germany into a dictatorship, focusing on the interplay of Nazi violence and the readiness of Germans to accommodate themselves to the new regime. Steinweis chronicles Nazi efforts to transform German society into a so-called People's Community, imbued with hyper-nationalism, an authoritarian spirit, Nazi racial doctrine, and antisemitism. The result was less a People's Community than what Steinweis calls a People's Dictatorship – a repressive regime that acted brutally toward the targets of its persecution, its internal opponents, and its foreign enemies even as it enjoyed support across much of German society.

From Weimar to Hitler

Author : Hermann Beck
Publisher : Berghahn Books
ISBN 13 : 1785339184
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (853 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis From Weimar to Hitler by : Hermann Beck

Download or read book From Weimar to Hitler written by Hermann Beck and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2018-11-29 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though often depicted as a rapid political transformation, the Nazi seizure of power was in fact a process that extended from the appointment of the Papen cabinet in the early summer of 1932 through the Röhm blood purge two years later. Across fourteen rigorous and carefully researched chapters, From Weimar to Hitler offers a compelling collective investigation of this critical period in modern German history. Each case study presents new empirical research on the crisis of Weimar democracy, the establishment of the Nazi dictatorship, and Hitler’s consolidation of power. Together, they provide multiple perspectives on the extent to which the triumph of Nazism was historically predetermined or the product of human miscalculation and intent.

Queer Communism and The Ministry of Love

Author : Glyn Salton-Cox
Publisher : Edinburgh University Press
ISBN 13 : 1474423329
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (744 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Queer Communism and The Ministry of Love by : Glyn Salton-Cox

Download or read book Queer Communism and The Ministry of Love written by Glyn Salton-Cox and published by Edinburgh University Press. This book was released on 2018-03-21 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maps materiality's importance in the emergent posthuman future of architecture.

The Ambivalence of Gay Liberation

Author : Craig Griffiths
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192639781
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (926 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Ambivalence of Gay Liberation by : Craig Griffiths

Download or read book The Ambivalence of Gay Liberation written by Craig Griffiths and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-02-25 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Ambivalence of Gay Liberation explores ways of thinking, feeling, and talking about being gay in the 1970s, an influential decade sandwiched between the partial decriminalisation of male homosexuality in 1969, and the arrival of the HIV/AIDS crisis in the early 1980s. Moving beyond divided Cold War Berlin, it also focuses on lesser-known cities, such as Aachen, Cologne, Frankfurt, Münster, and Stuttgart, to name just a few of the 53 localities that were home to a gay group by the end of the 1970s. These groups were important, and this book tells their story. In 1970s West Germany gay liberation did not take place only in activist meetings, universities, and on street demonstrations, but also on television, in magazine editorial offices, ordinary homes, bedrooms, and beyond. In considering all these spaces and individuals, this book provides a more complex account than previous histories, which have tended to focus only on a social movement and only on the idea of 'gay pride'. By drawing attention to ambivalence, this book shows that gay liberation was never only about pride, but also about shame; characterized not only by hope, but also by fear; and driven forward not just by the pushes of confrontation, but also by the pulls of conformism. Ranging from the painstaking emergence of the gay press to the first representation of homosexuality on television, from debates over the sexual legacy of 1968 and the student movement to the memory of Nazi persecution, The Ambivalence of Gay Liberation is the first English-language book to tell the story of male homosexual politics in 1970s West Germany. In doing so, this book changes the way we think about modern queer history.

Cinematic Representations of Women in Modern Celebrity Culture, 1900–1950

Author : María Cristina C. Mabrey
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000574725
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Cinematic Representations of Women in Modern Celebrity Culture, 1900–1950 by : María Cristina C. Mabrey

Download or read book Cinematic Representations of Women in Modern Celebrity Culture, 1900–1950 written by María Cristina C. Mabrey and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-04-19 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this edited volume is to explore the contributions of women to European, Mexican, American and Indian film industries during the years 1900 to 1950, an important period that signified the rise and consolidation of media technologies. Their pioneering work as film stars, writers, directors, designers and producers as well as their endeavors to bridge the gap between the avant-garde and mass culture are significant aspects of this collection. This intersection will be carefully nuanced through their cinematographic production, performances and artistic creations. Other distinctive features pertain to the interconnection of gender roles and moral values with ways of looking, which paves the way for realigning social and aesthetic conventions of femininity. Based on this thematic and diverse sociocultural context, this study has an international scope, their main audiences being scholars and graduate students that pursue to advance interdisciplinary research in the field of feminist theory, film, gender, media and avant-garde studies. Likewise, historians, art and literature specialists will find the content appealing to the degree that intermedial and cross-cultural approaches are presented.

The Holocaust and Masculinities

Author : Björn Krondorfer
Publisher : SUNY Press
ISBN 13 : 1438477783
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (384 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Holocaust and Masculinities by : Björn Krondorfer

Download or read book The Holocaust and Masculinities written by Björn Krondorfer and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 2020-04-01 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critically assesses the experiences of men in the Holocaust. In recent decades, scholarship has turned to the role of gender in the Holocaust, but rarely has it critically investigated the experiences of men as gendered beings. Beyond the clear observation that most perpetrators of murder were male, men were also victims, survivors, bystanders, beneficiaries, accomplices, and enablers; they negotiated roles as fathers, spouses, community leaders, prisoners, soldiers, professionals, authority figures, resistors, chroniclers, or ideologues. This volume examines men’s experiences during the Holocaust. Chapters first focus on the years of genocide: Jewish victims of National Socialism, Nazi soldiers, Catholic priests enlisted in the Wehrmacht, Jewish doctors in the ghettos, men from the Sonderkommando in Auschwitz, and Muselmänner in the camps. The book then moves to the postwar context: German Protestant theologians, Jewish refugees, non-Jewish Austrian men, and Jewish masculinities in the United States. The contributors articulate the male experience in the Holocaust as something obvious (the everywhere of masculinities) and yet invisible (the nowhere of masculinities), lending a new perspective on one of modernity’s most infamous chapters. “This is a carefully constructed and field-defining work that will influence a generation of new scholars and be cited and discussed for years to come. It builds on the existing scholarship on women and the Holocaust in a way that enriches our understanding of the intersectionality of masculinity and femininity.” — Zoë Waxman, author of Women in the Holocaust: A Feminist History “The contributors articulate some of the challenges for studying masculinity with regards to victims of the Holocaust, making a convincing case for the benefits to be gained from doing so.” — Clayton J. Whisnant, author of Queer Identities and Politics in Germany: A History, 1880–1945

Hitler's True Believers

Author : Robert Gellately
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190689919
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Hitler's True Believers by : Robert Gellately

Download or read book Hitler's True Believers written by Robert Gellately and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-01 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding Adolf Hitler's ideology provides insights into the mental world of an extremist politics that, over the course of the Third Reich, developed explosive energies culminating in the Second World War and the Holocaust. Too often the theories underlying National Socialism or Nazism are dismissed as an irrational hodge-podge of ideas. Yet that ideology drove Hitler's quest for power in 1933, colored everything in the Third Reich, and transformed him, however briefly, into the most powerful leader in the world. How did he discover that ideology? How was it that cohorts of leaders, followers, and ordinary citizens adopted aspects of National Socialism without experiencing the "leader" first-hand or reading his works? They shared a collective desire to create a harmonious, racially select, "community of the people" to build on Germany's socialist-oriented political culture and to seek national renewal. If we wish to understand the rise of the Nazi Party and the new dictatorship's remarkable staying power, we have to take the nationalist and socialist aspects of this ideology seriously. Hitler became a kind of representative figure for ideas, emotions, and aims that he shared with thousands, and eventually millions, of true believers who were of like mind . They projected onto him the properties of the "necessary leader," a commanding figure at the head of a uniformed corps that would rally the masses and storm the barricades. It remains remarkable that millions of people in a well-educated and cultured nation eventually came to accept or accommodate themselves to the tenants of an extremist ideology laced with hatred and laden with such obvious murderous implications.

Pink Triangle Legacies

Author : William Jake Newsome
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501765507
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Pink Triangle Legacies by : William Jake Newsome

Download or read book Pink Triangle Legacies written by William Jake Newsome and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2022-09-15 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pink Triangle Legacies traces the transformation of the pink triangle from a Nazi concentration camp badge and emblem of discrimination into a widespread, recognizable symbol of queer activism, pride, and community. W. Jake Newsome provides an overview of the Nazis' targeted violence against LGBTQ+ people and details queer survivors' fraught and ongoing fight for the acknowledgement, compensation, and memorialization of LGBTQ+ victims. Within this context, a new generation of queer activists has used the pink triangle—a reminder of Germany's fascist past—as the visual marker of gay liberation, seeking to end queer people's status as second-class citizens by asserting their right to express their identity openly. The reclamation of the pink triangle occurred first in West Germany, but soon activists in the United States adopted this chapter from German history as their own. As gay activists on opposite sides of the Atlantic grafted pink triangle memories onto new contexts, they connected two national communities and helped form the basis of a shared gay history, indeed a new gay identity, that transcended national borders. Pink Triangle Legacies illustrates the dangerous consequences of historical silencing and how the incorporation of hidden histories into the mainstream understanding of the past can contribute to a more inclusive experience of belonging in the present. There can be no justice without acknowledging and remembering injustice. As Newsome demonstrates, if a marginalized community seeks a history that liberates them from the confines of silence, they must often write it themselves.

Uniform Fantasies

Author : Jeffrey Schneider
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
ISBN 13 : 1487549628
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (875 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Uniform Fantasies by : Jeffrey Schneider

Download or read book Uniform Fantasies written by Jeffrey Schneider and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2023-07-26 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Starting in the nineteenth century in Germany, colourful military uniforms became a locus for various queer male fantasies, fostering an underground sexual economy of male prostitution as well as a political project to exploit the army’s prestige for queer emancipation. In the first decade of the twentieth century, however, a series of scandals derailed this emancipatory project. Simultaneously, public debates began to invoke homosexuality, sadism, transvestism, and other sexological concepts to criticize military policies and practices. In pursuing the threads with which queer authors and activists stitched their fantasies about uniforms, Jeffrey Schneider offers fresh perspectives on key debates over military secrecy, disciplinary abuses in the army, and German militarism. Drawing on a vast trove of materials ranging from sexological case studies, trial transcripts, and parliamentary debates to queer activist tracts, autobiographies, and literary texts, Uniform Fantasies uncovers a particularly modern set of concerns about such topics as outing closeted homosexuals, the presence of gay men in the military, and whether men in uniform are more masculine or more insecure about their sexual identity.

On Screen and Off

Author : Anne Berg
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812298411
Total Pages : 201 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis On Screen and Off by : Anne Berg

Download or read book On Screen and Off written by Anne Berg and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2022-02-22 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On Screen and Off shows that the making of Nazism was a local affair and the Nazi city a product of more than models and plans emanating from Berlin. In Hamburg, film was key in turning this self-styled "Gateway to the World" into a "Nazi city." The Nazi regime imagined film as a powerful tool to shape National Socialist subjects. In Hamburg, those very subjects chanced upon film culture as a seemingly apolitical opportunity to articulate their own ideas about how Nazism ought to work. Tracing discourses around film production and film consumption in the city, On Screen and Off illustrates how Nazi ideology was envisaged, imagined, experienced, and occasionally even fought over. Local authorities in Hamburg, from the governor Karl Kaufmann to youth wardens and members of the Hamburg Film Club, used debates over cinema to define the reach and practice of National Socialism in the city. Film thus engendered a political space in which local activists, welfare workers, cultural experts, and administrators asserted their views about the current state of affairs, articulated criticism and praise, performed their commitment to the regime, and policed the boundaries of the Volksgemeinschaft. Of all the championed "people's products," film alone extended the promise of economic prosperity and cultural preeminence into the war years and beyond the city's destruction. From the ascension of the Nazi regime through the smoldering rubble, going to the movies grounded normalcy in the midst of rupture.