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Stock Market Liberalization And The Cost Of Capital In Emerging Markets
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Book Synopsis Stock Market Liberalization and the Cost of Capital in Emerging Markets by : Harjoat Singh Bhamra
Download or read book Stock Market Liberalization and the Cost of Capital in Emerging Markets written by Harjoat Singh Bhamra and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I study how stock market liberalization changes an emerging market's cost of capital.I do so in a Lucas economy with two dividend trees. One dividend tree represents the emerging market's dividends while the other tree represents the dividends paid by all other countries. I solve for equilibrium asset prices in two versions of the economy. In the first version, stock markets are partially liberalized, because the emerging market's residents cannot invest in foreign stock markets. All other agents are unconstrained. In the second version, stock markets are fully liberalized, because there are no investment constraints. I show that moving from partial to full liberalization causes an increase in the emerging market's cost of capital and risk premium, despite better international risk sharing.
Book Synopsis Capital Flows to Emerging Markets by : Philippe Bacchetta
Download or read book Capital Flows to Emerging Markets written by Philippe Bacchetta and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper analyzes the impact of financial liberalizations and reforms in emerging markets on the dynamics of capital flows to these markets, using a simple model of international investors' behavior. We first show that the gradual nature of liberalizations, combined with the cost of absorbing large inflows in emerging economies, leads to rich dynamics of capital flows and often implies an initial period of overshooting as portfolios adjust. Asset prices will overshoot as well. Second, we show that if investors have incomplete information about new emerging markets, and learn over time, there can be high volatility of capital flows as well as contagion. Finally, we provide numerical estimates of long run capital inflows to emerging market economies and compare them to actual inflows. This gives a good indicator of upcoming crisis situations.
Book Synopsis Capital Account Liberalization, the Cost of Capital, and Economic Growth by : Peter Blair Henry
Download or read book Capital Account Liberalization, the Cost of Capital, and Economic Growth written by Peter Blair Henry and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three things happen when emerging economies open their stock markets to foreign investors. First, the aggregate dividend yield falls by 240 basis points. Second, the growth rate of the capital stock increases by an average of 1.1 percentage points per year. Third, the growth rate of output per worker rises by 2.3 percentage points per year. Since the cost of capital falls, investment booms, and the growth rate of output per worker increases when countries liberalize the stock market, the increasingly popular view that capital account liberalization brings no real benefits seems untenable.
Book Synopsis Capital Market Liberalization and Development by : José Antonio Ocampo
Download or read book Capital Market Liberalization and Development written by José Antonio Ocampo and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2008-05-01 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Capital market liberalization has been a key battle in the debate on globalization for much of the previous two decades. Many developing countries, often at the behest of international financial institutions such as the IMF, opened their capital accounts and liberalized their domestic financial markets as part of the wave of liberalization that characterized the 1980s and 1990s and in doing so exposed their economies to increased risk and volatility. Now with even the IMF acknowledging the risks inherent in capital market liberalization, the central intellectual battle over the effects of capital market liberalization has for the most part ended. Though this new understanding of the consequences of capital market liberalization is reshaping many policy discussions among academics and international institutions, ideological and vested interests remain. Critical policy debates also remain, such as how much government should intervene and what tools are available. Although capital market liberalization might not produce the promised benefits, many economists and policymakers still worry about the costs of intervention. Do these costs exceed the benefits? What are the best kinds of interventions, under what circumstances? To answer these questions, we have to understand why capital market liberalization has failed to enhance growth, why it has resulted in greater instability, why the poor appear to have borne the greatest burden, and why the advocates of capital market liberalization were so wrong. Bringing together some of the leading researchers and practitioners in the field, this volume provides an analysis of both the risks associated with capital market liberalization and the alternative policy options available to enhance macroeconomic management.
Book Synopsis Emerging Capital Markets and Globalization by : Augusto de la Torre
Download or read book Emerging Capital Markets and Globalization written by Augusto de la Torre and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006-10-20 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Back in the early 1990s, economists and policy makers had high expectations about the prospects for domestic capital market development in emerging economies, particularly in Latin America. Unfortunately, they are now faced with disheartening results. Stock and bond markets remain illiquid and segmented. Debt is concentrated at the short end of the maturity spectrum and denominated in foreign currency, exposing countries to maturity and currency risk. Capital markets in Latin America look particularly underdeveloped when considering the many efforts undertaken to improve the macroeconomic environment and to reform the institutions believed to foster capital market development. The disappointing performance has made conventional policy recommendations questionable, at best. 'Emerging Capital Markets and Globalization' analyzes where we stand and where we are heading on capital market development. First, it takes stock of the state and evolution of Latin American capital markets and related reforms over time and relative to other countries. Second, it analyzes the factors related to the development of capital markets, with particular interest on measuring the impact of reforms. And third, in light of this analysis, it discusses the prospects for capital market development in Latin America and emerging economies and the implications for the reform agenda.
Book Synopsis Stock Market Developments and Private Consumer Spending in Emerging Markets by : Norbert Funke
Download or read book Stock Market Developments and Private Consumer Spending in Emerging Markets written by Norbert Funke and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2002-12 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using a panel of 16 emerging markets, the paper finds a small but statistically significant effect of stock market developments on private consumption spending. In the short run, a 10 percent decline in the annual real stock market return is associated with a reduction in real private consumption by around 0.1-0.3 percent on average. There is evidence that the link between stock market fluctuations and private consumption has become stronger during the 1990s as stock markets in emerging economies have broadened and deepened. However, there is no significant evidence that the influence is asymmetric. Stock price declines do not have a different impact on consumption than stock price increases.
Book Synopsis Emerging Equity Markets by : Mr.Robert Alan Feldman
Download or read book Emerging Equity Markets written by Mr.Robert Alan Feldman and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1994-03-01 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the mid-1980s, there has been a very substantial increase in stock market activity in many developing countries. This paper first examines the main characteristics of the emerging stock markets, and illustrates the evolution of equity prices in these markets over the last decade. It then discusses the reasons for the markets’ growth and assesses the extent to which domestic policies, as well as external factors, have played a role. This is followed by a discussion of the likely benefits of these markets; the effects which any abrupt correction in stock prices could have for the economy; and the ways in which these markets can be made more efficient.
Book Synopsis Domestic Capital Market Reform and Access to Global Finance by : Peter Blair Henry
Download or read book Domestic Capital Market Reform and Access to Global Finance written by Peter Blair Henry and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Contrary to the predictions of standard economic theory, capital market liberalization has been a mixed blessing for many countries. Liberalization of debt inflows exposes economies to the risk of crises stemming from sudden changes in investor sentiment. Equity market liberalizations, on the other hand, have promoted growth in almost every liberalizing country. Yet equity market liberalizations have not had as strong an effect as might be expected. To convince outsiders to invest, countries must put in place laws and supporting institutions to protect the rights of minority shareholders. Countries with such protections tend to have larger, more efficient, and more stable stock markets than those that do not"--NBER website
Book Synopsis The Politics of Equity Finance in Emerging Markets by : Kathryn C. Lavelle
Download or read book The Politics of Equity Finance in Emerging Markets written by Kathryn C. Lavelle and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2004-10-14 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging market stock issuance relative to GDP rose in the late twentieth century to levels that roughly matched that of advanced, industrial markets. Nonetheless, the connection between owning shares of emerging market stock and the ability to influence the management of these firms remains fundamentally different from the analogous institutional connection that has evolved in industrial markets. The reasons for the differences in emerging markets are both historical and political in nature. That is, local equity markets have had the objective of providing for some degree of local ownership and control of large economic entities since the late nineteenth century. However, local markets have operated under different global political structures since that time, ranging from imperialism, to world wars, to sovereign developmental states, to neo-liberal states. Shares issued under these different structures have been reconfigured over time, resulting in a lack of convergence along either the Anglo-American or Continental models of corporate governance. The author uses a political science paradigm to explain the growth of emerging equity markets. She departs from conventional economic explanations and examines politics at the micro-level of large issues of emerging market stock. The second half of the book presents case studies dealing with emerging market countries in Latin America, Asia, Russia and Eastern Europe, Africa and the Middle East. The case studies connect the regional, state, and firm levels to detail the multiple ownership and control arrangements, and to dispel the notion that mere quantitative growth of these markets will lead to a convergence in financial institutional structures along the lines of the industrial core of the world economy.
Book Synopsis Globalization of Equity Markets and the Cost of Capital by : René M. Stulz
Download or read book Globalization of Equity Markets and the Cost of Capital written by René M. Stulz and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the impact of globalization on the cost of equity capital. We argue that the cost of equity capital decreases because of globalization for two important reasons. First, the expected return that investors require to invest in equity to compensate them for the risk they bear generally falls. Second, the agency costs which make it harder and more expensive for firms to raise funds become less important. The existing empirical evidence is consistent with the theoretical prediction that globalization decreases the cost of capital, but the documented effects are lower than theory leads us to expect. We discuss various reasons for why this is the case.
Book Synopsis International Capital Flows by : Martin Feldstein
Download or read book International Capital Flows written by Martin Feldstein and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-12-01 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent changes in technology, along with the opening up of many regions previously closed to investment, have led to explosive growth in the international movement of capital. Flows from foreign direct investment and debt and equity financing can bring countries substantial gains by augmenting local savings and by improving technology and incentives. Investing companies acquire market access, lower cost inputs, and opportunities for profitable introductions of production methods in the countries where they invest. But, as was underscored recently by the economic and financial crises in several Asian countries, capital flows can also bring risks. Although there is no simple explanation of the currency crisis in Asia, it is clear that fixed exchange rates and chronic deficits increased the likelihood of a breakdown. Similarly, during the 1970s, the United States and other industrial countries loaned OPEC surpluses to borrowers in Latin America. But when the U.S. Federal Reserve raised interest rates to control soaring inflation, the result was a widespread debt moratorium in Latin America as many countries throughout the region struggled to pay the high interest on their foreign loans. International Capital Flows contains recent work by eminent scholars and practitioners on the experience of capital flows to Latin America, Asia, and eastern Europe. These papers discuss the role of banks, equity markets, and foreign direct investment in international capital flows, and the risks that investors and others face with these transactions. By focusing on capital flows' productivity and determinants, and the policy issues they raise, this collection is a valuable resource for economists, policymakers, and financial market participants.
Book Synopsis Characteristics of Winners and Losers from Stock Market Liberalization by : Daniel Makina
Download or read book Characteristics of Winners and Losers from Stock Market Liberalization written by Daniel Makina and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prior research on Johannesburg Securities Exchange (JSE) and other emerging markets has documented that liberalization reduces the cost of equity capital that the reduction is independent of the sector in which the firm operates and are permanent rather than transitory. In this paper we examine the effect of firm characteristics vis-agrave;-vis impact on cost of equity capital following stock market liberalization. Firm characteristics examined included the size of the firm, book-to-market ratio, the leverage and a firm's unique effective liberalization date. Four main conclusions are obtained. First, the observation that foreign investors prefer large firms is supported in that the majority of firms that experience a reduction in cost of capital are those with large market capitalization. Second, firms with low book-to-market ratios prior [to] liberalization are preferred contrary to [the] intuition that firms in emerging markets are undervalued as a result of inherent market imperfections. Third, overall firms with low leverage ratios prior liberalization are favoured as suggested by finance theory. Fourth, different sets of firms may have [their] unique [event or] liberalization dates.
Book Synopsis The Dynamics of Emerging Market Equity Flows by : Geert Bekaert
Download or read book The Dynamics of Emerging Market Equity Flows written by Geert Bekaert and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study the interrelationship between capital flows, returns, dividend yields and world interest rates in 20 emerging markets. We estimate a vector autoregressionn with these variables to measure the degree to which lower interest rates contribute to increased capital flows and shocks in flows affect the cost of capital among other dynamic relations. We precede the VAR analysis by a detailed examination of endogenous break points in capital flows and the other variables. These structural breaks are traced to the liberalization of emerging equity markets. Our evidence of structural breaks call into question past research which estimates VAR models over the full sample. After a liberalization, we find that equity flows increase by 1.4% of market capitalization. We also show that shocks in equity flows initially increase returns which is consistent with a price pressure hypothesis. While the effect is diminished over time, there also appears to be a permenant impact. This is consistent with our finding that our proxy for the cost of capital, dividend yields, decreases. Finally, our analysis of the transitition dynamics from pre-liberalization to post-liberalization suggests that when capital leaves, it leaves faster than it came in. These results may help us understand the dynamics of the recent crises in Latin America and East Asia.
Book Synopsis Capital Account Liberalization by : Peter Blair Henry
Download or read book Capital Account Liberalization written by Peter Blair Henry and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Writings on the macroeconomic impact of capital account liberalization find few, if any, robust effects of liberalization on real variables. In contrast to the prevailing wisdom, I argue that the textbook theory of liberalization holds up quite well to a critical reading of this literature. The lion's share of papers that find no effect of liberalization on real variables tell us nothing about the empirical validity of the theory, because they do not really test it. This paper explains why it is that most studies do not really address the theory they set out to test. It also discusses what is necessary to test the theory and examines papers that have done so. Studies that actually test the theory show that liberalization has significant effects on the cost of capital, investment, and economic growth"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site.
Book Synopsis Stock Markets in Developing Countries by : Mansoor Dailami
Download or read book Stock Markets in Developing Countries written by Mansoor Dailami and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1990 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With foreign capital funds dwindling, governments in many developing countries-- with increased Bank support-- are looking to develop capital markets to provide risk capital for the corporate sector. But first, some basic issues must be empirically explored.
Book Synopsis A Simple Measure of the Intensity of Capital Controls by : Ms.Hali J. Edison
Download or read book A Simple Measure of the Intensity of Capital Controls written by Ms.Hali J. Edison and published by INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND. This book was released on 2001-11-01 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present a readily available monthly measure of the intensity of capital controls across 29 emerging market countries that is based on the degree of restrictions on foreign ownership of equities. The initial opening of a market as given by our measure corresponds well with the liberalization dates of Bekaert and Harvey (2000a). In addition, our measure provides information on the extent of the initial opening as well as the evolution of the liberalization over time. After presenting the measure, we compare it to other existing measures of capital controls and briefly describe empirical applications concerning home bias, capital flows to emerging markets, and the effects of financial liberalization on the cost of capital.
Book Synopsis Emerging Capital Markets and Globalization by : Augusto de la Torre
Download or read book Emerging Capital Markets and Globalization written by Augusto de la Torre and published by Stanford Economics & Finance. This book was released on 2007 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging Capital Markets and Globalization analyzes where we stand and where we are heading on capital market development, the state and evolution of Latin American capital markets and related reforms, measuring the impact of reforms, and discusses the prospects for capital market development in Latin America and emerging economies and the implications for the reform agenda.
