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Stochastic Simulation Of Spatially Correlated Earthquake Time Histories And Energy Compatible And Spectrum Compatible Ground Motion Modification Using Wavelet Packets
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Book Synopsis Stochastic Simulation of Spatially Correlated Earthquake Time Histories, and Energy-compatible and Spectrum-compatible Ground Motion Modification Using Wavelet Packets by : Duruo Huang
Download or read book Stochastic Simulation of Spatially Correlated Earthquake Time Histories, and Energy-compatible and Spectrum-compatible Ground Motion Modification Using Wavelet Packets written by Duruo Huang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stochastic Model for Earthquake Ground Motion Using Wavelet Packets by : Yoshifumi Yamamoto
Download or read book Stochastic Model for Earthquake Ground Motion Using Wavelet Packets written by Yoshifumi Yamamoto and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For performance-based design, nonlinear dynamic structural analysis for various types of input ground motions is required. Stochastic (simulated) ground motions are sometimes useful as input motions, because unlike recorded motions they are not limited in number and because their properties can be varied systematically to study the impact of ground motion properties on structural response. This dissertation describes an approach by which the wavelet packet transform can be used to characterize complex time-varying earthquake ground motions, and it illustrates the potential benefits of such an approach in a variety of earthquake engineering applications. The proposed model is based on Thr´ainsson and Kiremidjian (2002), which use Fourier amplitudes and phase differences to simulate ground motions and attenuation models to their model parameters. We extend their model using wavelet packet transform since it can control the time and frequency characteristic of time series. The time- and frequency-varying properties of real ground motions can be captured using wavelet packets, so a model is developed that requires only 13 parameters to describe a given ground motion. These 13 parameters are then related to seismological variables such as earthquake magnitude, distance, and site condition, through regression analysis that captures trends in mean values, standard deviations and correlations of these parameters observed in a large database of recorded strong ground motions. The resulting regression equations then form a model that can be used to predict ground motions for a future earthquake scenario; this model is analogous to widely used empirical ground motion prediction models (formerly called "attenuation models") except that this model predicts entire time series rather than only response spectra. The ground motions produced using this predictive model are explored in detail, and are shown to have elastic response spectra, inelastic response spectra, durations, mean periods, etc., that are consistent in both mean and variability to existing published predictive models for those properties. That consistency allows the proposed model to be used in place of existing models for probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) calculations. This new way to calculate PSHA is termed "simulation-based probabilistic seismic hazard analysis" and it allows a deeper understanding of ground motion hazard and hazard deaggregation than is possible with traditional PSHA because it produces a suite of potential ground motion time histories rather than simply a distribution of response spectra. The potential benefits of this approach are demonstrated and explored in detail. Taking this analysis even further, this suite of time histories can be used as input for nonlinear dynamic analysis of structures, to perform a risk analysis (i.e., "probabilistic seismic demand analysis") that allows computation of the probability of the structure exceeding some level of response in a future earthquake. These risk calculations are often performed today using small sets of scaled recorded ground motions, but that approach requires a variety of assumptions regarding important properties of ground motions, the impacts of ground motion scaling, etc. The approach proposed here facilitates examination of those assumptions, and provides a variety of other relevant information not obtainable by that traditional approach.
Book Synopsis Stochastic Model for Earthquake Ground Motion Using Wavelet Packets by : Yoshifumi Yamamoto
Download or read book Stochastic Model for Earthquake Ground Motion Using Wavelet Packets written by Yoshifumi Yamamoto and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For performance-based design, nonlinear dynamic structural analysis for various types of input ground motions is required. Stochastic (simulated) ground motions are sometimes useful as input motions, because unlike recorded motions they are not limited in number and because their properties can be varied systematically to study the impact of ground motion properties on structural response. This dissertation describes an approach by which the wavelet packet transform can be used to characterize complex time-varying earthquake ground motions, and it illustrates the potential benefits of such an approach in a variety of earthquake engineering applications. The proposed model is based on Thráinsson and Kiremidjian (2002), which use Fourier amplitudes and phase differences to simulate ground motions and attenuation models to their model parameters. We extend their model using wavelet packet transform since it can control the time and frequency characteristic of time series. The time- and frequency-varying properties of real ground motions can be captured using wavelet packets, so a model is developed that requires only 13 parameters to describe a given ground motion. These 13 parameters are then related to seismological variables such as earthquake magnitude, distance, and site condition, through regression analysis that captures trends in mean values, standard deviations and correlations of these parameters observed in a large database of recorded strong ground motions. The resulting regression equations then form a model that can be used to predict ground motions for a future earthquake scenario; this model is analogous to widely used empirical ground motion prediction models (formerly called "attenuation models") except that this model predicts entire time series rather than only response spectra. The ground motions produced using this predictive model are explored in detail, and are shown to have elastic response spectra, inelastic response spectra, durations, mean periods, etc., that are consistent in both mean and variability to existing published predictive models for those properties. That consistency allows the proposed model to be used in place of existing models for probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) calculations. This new way to calculate PSHA is termed "simulation-based probabilistic seismic hazard analysis" and it allows a deeper understanding of ground motion hazard and hazard deaggregation than is possible with traditional PSHA because it produces a suite of potential ground motion time histories rather than simply a distribution of response spectra. The potential benefits of this approach are demonstrated and explored in detail. Taking this analysis even further, this suite of time histories can be used as input for nonlinear dynamic analysis of structures, to perform a risk analysis (i.e., "probabilistic seismic demand analysis") that allows computation of the probability of the structure exceeding some level of response in a future earthquake. These risk calculations are often performed today using small sets of scaled recorded ground motions, but that approach requires a variety of assumptions regarding important properties of ground motions, the impacts of ground motion scaling, etc. The approach proposed here facilitates examination of those assumptions, and provides a variety of other relevant information not obtainable by that traditional approach.
Book Synopsis Spatial Variation of Seismic Ground Motions by : Aspasia Zerva
Download or read book Spatial Variation of Seismic Ground Motions written by Aspasia Zerva and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The spatial variation of seismic ground motions denotes the differences in the seismic time histories at various locations on the ground surface. This text focuses on the spatial variability of the motions that is caused by the propagation of the waveforms from the earthquake source through the earth strata to the ground surface, and it brings toge
Book Synopsis Wavelet Analyses for Seismic Ground Motion, Simulation, and Stochastic Site Response by :
Download or read book Wavelet Analyses for Seismic Ground Motion, Simulation, and Stochastic Site Response written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The response of soil masses during an earthquake is governed by the characteristics of the ground motions and the soil material properties. The ground motions generated during earthquakes are random and nonstationary with respect to both amplitude and frequency. Different methods of analysis for time-frequency characteristics of the ground motions have been reviewed and the merits and disadvantages of each are explained. The methods considered here are: Fourier Transform (FT), Short Term Fourier Transform (STFT), Wigner-Ville (WV) Distribution, Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT), and Wavelet Transform (WT). WT method with a modified version of Littlewood-Paley mother wavelet is found most suitable to analyze the nonstationary characteristics of the seismic ground motion. This method is used to identify some of the nonlinear and nonstationary characteristics of the ground motions recorded during some important earthquakes, namely Northridge-California 1994, Kocaeli-Turkey 1999, and Chi-Chi-Taiwan, 1999. The effect of site distance and site softening on the ground motion characteristics are studied. The information on redistribution of the energy among various frequency ranges as well as its temporal variation is revealed. Responses of Clay and Sand sites with different stiffness-thickness-saturation combinations to different excitations are studied with the use of a computer code for nonlinear analysis of site response (Cyclic1D) and wavelet analysis. Observations for amplification, deamplification, and pore pressure build up are given in both time and frequency domains. A wavelet based formulation to generate earthquake ground motions is also developed. This method uses a seed acceleration history and a selected design response spectrum to produce many motions that retain the main time-frequency characteristics of the original motion, yet are all different from each other. Finally, a wavelet based method to evaluate non-stationary stochastic response of a soil site, idea.
Book Synopsis Generation and Analysis of Spectrum-compatible Earthquake Time-histories Using Wavelets by : Luis Alberto Montejo Valencia
Download or read book Generation and Analysis of Spectrum-compatible Earthquake Time-histories Using Wavelets written by Luis Alberto Montejo Valencia and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Stochastic Ground Motion Forecast Model with Geophysical Considerations by : Shigeru Suzuki
Download or read book A Stochastic Ground Motion Forecast Model with Geophysical Considerations written by Shigeru Suzuki and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stochastic Modeling of Spatially Varying Earthquake Ground Motion by : Koshiro En
Download or read book Stochastic Modeling of Spatially Varying Earthquake Ground Motion written by Koshiro En and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Wavelet Analyses for Seismic Ground Motion, Simulation, and Stochastic Site Response by : Rabia Zeynep Sarica
Download or read book Wavelet Analyses for Seismic Ground Motion, Simulation, and Stochastic Site Response written by Rabia Zeynep Sarica and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: soil softening, amplification, frequency shift, liquefaction, stochastic site response, ground motion simulation, marginal spectrum, wavelet.
Book Synopsis Developing Stochastic Models as Inputs for High-frequency Ground Motion Simulations by :
Download or read book Developing Stochastic Models as Inputs for High-frequency Ground Motion Simulations written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-frequency (~10 Hz) deterministic ground motion simulations are challenged by our understanding of the small-scale structure of the earth's crust and the rupture process during an earthquake. We will likely never obtain deterministic models that can accurately describe these processes down to the meter scale length required for broadband wave propagation. Instead, we can attempt to explain the behavior, in a statistical sense, by including stochastic models defined by correlations observed in the natural earth and through physics based simulations of the earthquake rupture process. Toward this goal, we develop stochastic models to address both of the primary considerations for deterministic ground motion simulations: namely, the description of the material properties in the crust, and broadband earthquake source descriptions. Using borehole sonic log data recorded in Los Angeles basin, we estimate the spatial correlation structure of the small-scale fluctuations in P-wave velocities by determining the best-fitting parameters of a von Karman correlation function. We find that Hurst exponents, v, between 0.0-0.2, vertical correlation lengths, a[subscript z], of 15-150m, an standard deviation, [sigma] of about 5% characterize the variability in the borehole data. Using these parameters, we generated a stochastic model of velocity and density perturbations and combined with leading seismic velocity models to perform a validation exercise for the 2008, Chino Hills, CA using heterogeneous media. We find that models of velocity and density perturbations can have significant effects on the wavefield at frequencies as low as 0.3 Hz, with ensemble median values of various ground motion metrics varying up to ±50%, at certain stations, compared to those computed solely from the CVM. Finally, we develop a kinematic rupture generator based on dynamic rupture simulations on geometrically complex faults. We analyze ~100 dynamic rupture simulations on strike-slip faults ranging from M[subscript w] 6.4-7.2. We find that our dynamic simulations follow empirical scaling relationships for inter-plate strike-slip events, and provide source spectra comparable with an [omega]−2 model. Our rupture generator reproduces GMPE medians and intra-event standard deviations spectral accelerations for an ensemble of 10 Hz fully-deterministic ground motion simulations, as compared to NGA West2 GMPE relationships up to 0.2 seconds.
Book Synopsis Compatible Ground Motion Time Histories for New National Seismic Hazard Maps by : Gail M. Atkinson
Download or read book Compatible Ground Motion Time Histories for New National Seismic Hazard Maps written by Gail M. Atkinson and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stochastic Modeling and Simulation of Near-Fault Ground Motions for Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering by : Mayssa Dabaghi
Download or read book Stochastic Modeling and Simulation of Near-Fault Ground Motions for Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering written by Mayssa Dabaghi and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive parameterized stochastic model of near-fault ground motions in two orthogonal horizontal directions is developed. The proposed model uniquely combines several existing and new sub-models to represent major characteristics of recorded near-fault ground motions. These characteristics include near-fault effects of directivity and fling step; temporal and spectral non-stationarity; intensity, duration and frequency content characteristics; directionality of components, as well as the natural variability of motions for a given earthquake and site scenario. By fitting the model to a database of recorded near-fault ground motions with known earthquake source and site characteristics, empirical "observations" of the model parameters are obtained. These observations are used to develop predictive equations for the model parameters in terms of a small number of earthquake source and site characteristics. Functional forms for the predictive equations that are consistent with seismological theory are employed. A site-based simulation procedure that employs the proposed stochastic model and predictive equations is developed to generate synthetic near-fault ground motions at a site. The procedure is formulated in terms of information about the earthquake design scenario that is normally available to a design engineer. Not all near-fault ground motions contain a forward directivity pulse, even when the conditions for such a pulse are favorable. The proposed procedure produces pulselike and non-pulselike motions in the same proportions as they naturally occur among recorded near-fault ground motions for a given design scenario. The proposed models and simulation procedure are validated by several means. Synthetic ground motion time series with fitted parameter values are compared with the corresponding recorded motions. The proposed empirical predictive relations are compared to similar relations available in the literature. The overall simulation procedure is validated by comparing suites of synthetic ground motions generated for given earthquake source and site characteristics to the ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) developed as part of phase 2 of the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) program, (NGA-West2, see, e.g., Campbell and Bozorgnia, 2014). Comparison is made in terms of the estimated median level and variability of elastic ground motion response spectra. The use of synthetic motions in addition to or in place of recorded motions is desirable in performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) applications, particularly when recorded motions are scarce or when they are unavailable for a specified design scenario. As a demonstrative application, synthetic motions from the proposed simulation procedure are used to perform probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) for a near-fault site. The analysis shows that the hazard at a near-fault site is underestimated when the ground motion model used does not properly account for the possibility of pulselike motions due to the directivity effect.
Book Synopsis Seismic Design for Nuclear Power Plants by : Robert J. Hansen
Download or read book Seismic Design for Nuclear Power Plants written by Robert J. Hansen and published by MIT Press (MA). This book was released on 1970 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of protective measures to guard against the spread of radioactive debris following reactor disasters has been given extensive and careful engineering attention over the past several years. Much of this attention has been devoted to eliminating or minimizing the effects of malfunctions of internal components. But reactors can also suffer externally caused disasters—for example, their radioactive cores can be damaged by earthquakes or by missiles generated by tornadoes. Earthquakes in particular will continue to render man vulnerable even to the "peaceful atom" as the number of nuclear power plants increases and as they come to be located in those parts of the world that have a history of seismic activity. It was to consider such problems that the seminar reported here was held. The conferees, who are leaders in this special and important field, gathered in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in spring 1969, to present the papers whose titles are listed below. Together they cover both the theoretical underpinnings of the subject and specific applications to nuclear reactors; they provide both useful summaries of what is known to date and some new thinking on the subject, not before published. Contents: Preface—T. J. Thompson. Foreword—R. J. Hansen. Introduction—R. V. Whitman. Geological and Seismological Factors Influencing the Assessment of a Seismic Threat to Nuclear Reactors—Daniel Linehan, S. J. Geophysics—Keiiti Aki. Design Seismic Inputs—C. Allin Cornell. Some Observations on Probabilistic Methods in the Seismic Design of Nuclear Power Plants—C. Allin Cornell. Seismic Risk and Seismic Design Decisions—Luis Esteva. Fundamentals of Soil Amplification—J. M. Roesset. Soil Structure Interaction—R. V. Whitman. Evaluation of Soil Properties for Site Evaluation and Dynamic Analysis of Nuclear Plants—R. V. Whitman. Structural Response to Seismic Input—J. M. Biggs. Seismic Analysis of Equipment Mounted on a Massive Structure—J. M. Biggs and J. M. Roesset. Modal Response of Containment Structures—Peter Jan Pahl. Provision of Required Seismic Resistance—M. J. Holley, Jr. A Measure of Earthquake Intensity—Arturo Arias. Closure—R. J. Hansen.
Book Synopsis Instrumentation in Earthquake Seismology by : Jens Havskov
Download or read book Instrumentation in Earthquake Seismology written by Jens Havskov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-02-11 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is unique and comprehensive coverage of modern seismic instrumentation, based on the authors’ practical experience of a quarter-century in seismology and geophysics. Their goal is to provide not only detailed information on the basics of seismic instruments but also to survey equipment on the market, blending this with only the amount of theory needed to understand the basic principles. Seismologists and technicians working with seismological instruments will find here the answers to their practical problems. Instrumentation in Earthquake Seismology is written to be understandable to the broad range of professionals working with seismological instruments and seismic data, whether students, engineers or seismologists. Whether installing seismic stations, networks and arrays, working and calibrating stationary or portable instruments, dealing with response information, or teaching about seismic instruments, professionals and academics now have a practical and authoritative sourcebook. Includes: SEISAN and SEISLOG software systems that are available from http://extras.springer.com and http://www.geo.uib.no/seismo/software/software.html
Book Synopsis Modern Earthquake Engineering by : Junbo Jia
Download or read book Modern Earthquake Engineering written by Junbo Jia and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-01 with total page 859 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses applications of earthquake engineering for both offshore and land-based structures. It is self-contained as a reference work and covers a wide range of topics, including topics related to engineering seismology, geotechnical earthquake engineering, structural engineering, as well as special contents dedicated to design philosophy, determination of ground motions, shock waves, tsunamis, earthquake damage, seismic response of offshore and arctic structures, spatial varied ground motions, simplified and advanced seismic analysis methods, sudden subsidence of offshore platforms, tank liquid impacts during earthquakes, seismic resistance of non-structural elements, and various types of mitigation measures, etc. The target readership includes professionals in offshore and civil engineering, officials and regulators, as well as researchers and students in this field.
Book Synopsis Random Vibrations by : Loren D. Lutes
Download or read book Random Vibrations written by Loren D. Lutes and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2004 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The topic of Random Vibrations is the behavior of structural and mechanical systems when they are subjected to unpredictable, or random, vibrations. These vibrations may arise from natural phenomena such as earthquakes or wind, or from human-controlled causes such as the stresses placed on aircraft at takeoff and landing. Study and mastery of this topic enables engineers to design and maintain structures capable of withstanding random vibrations, thereby protecting human life. Random Vibrations will lead readers in a user-friendly fashion to a thorough understanding of vibrations of linear and nonlinear systems that undergo stochastic-random-excitation. Provides over 150 worked out example problems and, along with over 225 exercises, illustrates concepts with true-to-life engineering design problems Offers intuitive explanations of concepts within a context of mathematical rigor and relatively advanced analysis techniques. Essential for self-study by practicing engineers, and for instruction in the classroom.
Book Synopsis Earthquake Ground Motion by : S. Syngellakis
Download or read book Earthquake Ground Motion written by S. Syngellakis and published by WIT Press. This book was released on 2014-09-29 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The best way to minimize damage from earthquakes is to predict their location and effects and reinforce against those possible effects. Toward that end, this book presents prediction methods useful for the design of earthquake-resistant structures. In the first of two parts, the book deals with issues relating to the characterisation and the rational definition of seismic input. It begins with a study of earthquake records that leads to the identification of their damage potential parameters, such as the peak ground acceleration and the strong motion duration. Subsequent chapters concern themselves with the deterministic and probabilistic methodologies for producing seismic inputs. Further chapters are dedicated to the generation of artificial seismic input on the basis of stochastic or probabilistic approaches. The second part of this volume deals with the effects of ground motion on foundation elements and structural integrity. Particular emphasis is given to the interaction of foundation piles with vibrating soils, homogeneous or heterogeneous. The final two chapters are concerned with the possible connection between soil structure interaction (SSI) and structural damage. In both instances records of actual earthquake induced motion are used for such assessments.
