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Stimulus Response Contiguity In Paired Associate Learning
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Book Synopsis Paired-Associates Learning by : Albert E. Goss
Download or read book Paired-Associates Learning written by Albert E. Goss and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-12 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paired-Associates Learning: The Role of Meaningfulness, Similarity, and Familiarization focuses on the role of meaningfulness, similarity, and familiarization of stimuli in paired-associates (PA) learning. The book illustrates the problems, methods, findings, and theoretical implications of research findings. The book first offers information on scalings of meaningfulness, theoretical analyses, and meaningfulness in PA learning. Discussions focus on rationale and general objectives, designs of experiments, techniques, construction and use of lists, and overview and specific analyses. The text then examines similarity and familiarization, including scalings, effects of similarity on acquisition and backward recall, familiarization and transfer, and effects of familiarization. The manuscript ponders on meaning and association and summary, significance, and suggestions. Topics include theoretical analyses and significance of empirical findings and conclusions, acquired-distinctiveness training, number of and associations among elements, induction of meaning and meaningfulness, and response-mediated associations. The publication is a dependable reference for researchers interested in paired-associates learning.
Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Learning and Memory by : John P. Houston
Download or read book Fundamentals of Learning and Memory written by John P. Houston and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-10 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Learning and Memory, Second Edition provides information pertinent to the basic conditioning processes. This book presents an integration of the fields of animal and human learning. Organized into six parts encompassing 17 chapters, this edition begins with an overview of the definition of learning that encompasses many of the elements of alternative definitions. This text then considers the processes of acquisition, including a detailed discussion of contiguity, practice, and reinforcement. Other chapters include an extensive discussion of issues, problems, and alternative theories within the field of retention. This book discusses as well the problem of transfer, with emphasis on stimulus generation and transfer of training. The final chapter deals with behavior modification as a general method for understanding, altering, and controlling behavior, which differs dramatically from more traditional clinical or therapeutic approaches. This book is a valuable resource for psychologists, behavior therapists, behavior modification theorists, and psychology students.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning by : Norbert M. Seel
Download or read book Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning written by Norbert M. Seel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-05 with total page 3643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past century, educational psychologists and researchers have posited many theories to explain how individuals learn, i.e. how they acquire, organize and deploy knowledge and skills. The 20th century can be considered the century of psychology on learning and related fields of interest (such as motivation, cognition, metacognition etc.) and it is fascinating to see the various mainstreams of learning, remembered and forgotten over the 20th century and note that basic assumptions of early theories survived several paradigm shifts of psychology and epistemology. Beyond folk psychology and its naïve theories of learning, psychological learning theories can be grouped into some basic categories, such as behaviorist learning theories, connectionist learning theories, cognitive learning theories, constructivist learning theories, and social learning theories. Learning theories are not limited to psychology and related fields of interest but rather we can find the topic of learning in various disciplines, such as philosophy and epistemology, education, information science, biology, and – as a result of the emergence of computer technologies – especially also in the field of computer sciences and artificial intelligence. As a consequence, machine learning struck a chord in the 1980s and became an important field of the learning sciences in general. As the learning sciences became more specialized and complex, the various fields of interest were widely spread and separated from each other; as a consequence, even presently, there is no comprehensive overview of the sciences of learning or the central theoretical concepts and vocabulary on which researchers rely. The Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning provides an up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the specific terms mostly used in the sciences of learning and its related fields, including relevant areas of instruction, pedagogy, cognitive sciences, and especially machine learning and knowledge engineering. This modern compendium will be an indispensable source of information for scientists, educators, engineers, and technical staff active in all fields of learning. More specifically, the Encyclopedia provides fast access to the most relevant theoretical terms provides up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the most important theories within the various fields of the learning sciences and adjacent sciences and communication technologies; supplies clear and precise explanations of the theoretical terms, cross-references to related entries and up-to-date references to important research and publications. The Encyclopedia also contains biographical entries of individuals who have substantially contributed to the sciences of learning; the entries are written by a distinguished panel of researchers in the various fields of the learning sciences.
Book Synopsis Language and Language Behavior Abstracts by :
Download or read book Language and Language Behavior Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Experiments in Second-Language Learning by : Edward Crothers
Download or read book Experiments in Second-Language Learning written by Edward Crothers and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experiments in Second-Language Learning focuses on the application of mathematical learning models in learning the Russian language as a second language. The book first discusses remarks on stimulus-response theories of language learning. Psychology and second-language instruction; psychological theory; linguistic theory and second-language learning; and remarks on theories of conditioning are discussed. The text also focuses on learning to discriminate Russian phonemes; learning the orthographic representations of Russian sounds; and vocabulary and morphology learning. Learning exercises are presented; these focused on inflection, semantics, and phonemic transcriptions. The book also looks at grammar learning as influenced by translations, vocabulary, and presentation order; training on negative instances or on isolated words; overview of Russian grammar experiments; and related research. Suggestions for future research are presented. The text is highly valuable for readers interested in studying how mathematical learning models can be used in learning one particular language as a second language.
Book Synopsis Recent Trends in Social Learning Theory by : Ross D. Parke
Download or read book Recent Trends in Social Learning Theory written by Ross D. Parke and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-10 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent Trends in Social Learning Theory offers a convenient overview of the state of social learning theory. This book is organized into six chapters. Chapter 1 provides a detailed discussion of the social learning theory, followed by an analysis of the theoretical views on the social reinforcement issue in Chapter 2. The contiguity theory of modeling and important role played by symbolic coding processes in imitation are described in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 elaborates the developmental analysis of imitation, while Chapter 5 outlines an empirical and theoretical overview of the status of punishment and its role in the development of self-control in children. The last chapter summarizes the contributions compiled in this text. This publication is recommended for students and professionals in child development and social and clinical psychology.
Book Synopsis Categories of Human Learning by : Arthur W. Melton
Download or read book Categories of Human Learning written by Arthur W. Melton and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-12 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Categories of Human Learning covers the papers presented at the Symposium on the Psychology of Human Learning, held at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor on January 31 and February 1, 1962. The book focuses on the different classifications of human learning. The selection first offers information on classical and operant conditioning and the categories of learning and the problem of definition. Discussions focus on classical and instrumental conditioning and the nature of reinforcement; comparability of the forms of human learning; conditioning experiments with human subjects; and subclasses of classical and instrumental conditioning. The text then takes a look at the representativeness of rote verbal learning and centrality of verbal learning. The publication ponders on probability learning, evaluation of stimulus sampling theory, and short-term memory and incidental learning. Topics include short-term retention, stimulus variation experiments, reinforcement schedules and mean response, systematic interpretations, and methodological approaches. The book then examines the behavioral effects of instruction to learning, verbalizations and concepts, and the generality of research on transfer functions. The selection is highly recommended for psychologists and educators wanting to conduct studies on the categories of human learning.
Book Synopsis Analyses of Concept Learning by : Herbert J. Klausmeier
Download or read book Analyses of Concept Learning written by Herbert J. Klausmeier and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-12 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyses of Concept Learning covers the papers presented at a Conference on Analyses of Concept Learning, sponsored by the Research and Development Center for Learning and Re-education of the University of Wisconsin, held in October 1965. The book focuses on efficient learning for children, youth, and adults, including concept learning, problem solving, and progresses in cognitive abilities. The selection first offers information on the formal analysis of concepts, psychological nature of concepts, and analysis of concepts from the point of view of the structure of intellect. The text then examines the relationships between concept learning and verbal learning and meaningfulness and concept. Discussions focus on linguistic analysis of nonsense syllables, linguistic concepts as determiners of meaningfulness, stimulus selection and stimulus bias, response learning and associative learning, and implicit associative responses. The book takes a look at the learning of principles, developmental approach to conceptual growth, and learning in adulthood. Topics include consistency in mental abilities, comparison with long-range trends in stability of mental functions, anxiety derived from conflicts over learning, motivation to maximize similarity to a model, and the scientific meaning of concept. Meaningful reception learning and the acquisition of concepts and a model for the analysis of inquiry are also discussed. The selection is a vital reference for researchers interested in concept learning.
Book Synopsis Instructional Message Design by : Malcolm L. Fleming
Download or read book Instructional Message Design written by Malcolm L. Fleming and published by Educational Technology. This book was released on 1978 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: A textbook and reference manual for instructional material designers bridges the gap between research and practice in instructional message design. Emphasis is placed on analyzing the instructional problem and testing possible solutions and providing instructional designers with authoritative guidelines for choosing or creating effective forms of instruction from broadly applicable and reliable research findings and principles. The basis of the text resides with how people perceive, memorize, form concepts, and develop attitudes from exposures to instructional messages. (wz).
Book Synopsis Introduction to Theories of Learning by : Matthew H. Olson
Download or read book Introduction to Theories of Learning written by Matthew H. Olson and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2015-07-22 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Defines learning and shows how the learning process is studied. Clearly written and user-friendly, Introduction to the Theories of Learning places learning in its historical perspective and provides appreciation for the figures and theories that have shaped 100 years of learning theory research. The 9th edition has been updated with the most current research in the field. With Pearson's MySearchLab with interactive eText and Experiment's Tool, this program is more user-friendly than ever. Learning Goals Upon completing this book, readers should be able to: Define learning and show how the learning process is studied Place learning theory in historical perspective Present essential features of the major theories of learning with implications for educational practice Note: MySearchLab does not come automatically packaged with this text. To purchase MySearchLab, please visit: www.mysearchlab.com or you can purchase a ValuePack of the text + MySearchLab (at no additional cost).
Book Synopsis Introduction to Psychology by : Jennifer Walinga
Download or read book Introduction to Psychology written by Jennifer Walinga and published by Hasanraza Ansari. This book was released on with total page 810 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is designed to help students organize their thinking about psychology at a conceptual level. The focus on behaviour and empiricism has produced a text that is better organized, has fewer chapters, and is somewhat shorter than many of the leading books. The beginning of each section includes learning objectives; throughout the body of each section are key terms in bold followed by their definitions in italics; key takeaways, and exercises and critical thinking activities end each section.
Book Synopsis From Associations to Structure by : K.V. Wilson
Download or read book From Associations to Structure written by K.V. Wilson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-08-18 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wilson's book proposes an associationistic form of psychological theory which is opposed to the more extreme structuralist claims. It brings together a relatively novel combination of topics from psychology, computational linguistics and artificial intelligence which support a viable associationistic position.
Book Synopsis Basic Processes of Learning, Cognition, and Motivation by : S. M. Cormier
Download or read book Basic Processes of Learning, Cognition, and Motivation written by S. M. Cormier and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-04-04 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1986. The main objective of this book is to provide a hard-headed theoretical integration of several different major areas of research on learning, cognition, and motivation in humans and other mammals. By hard-headed, the author simply means that the concepts were generated from empirical data and are testable. Since an integrative theory must of necessity integrate apparent diversity, such an approach involves the identification and description of the most fundamental factors (structural processes) underlying the observed capacities of humans and animals in the domain of learning and motivation.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Learning and Cognitive Processes (Volume 3) by : William Estes
Download or read book Handbook of Learning and Cognitive Processes (Volume 3) written by William Estes and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-06-20 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1976, Volume 3 of this Handbook deals primarily with conditions of acquisition, retention and forgetting, and the manner in which acquired information and motivation combine to determine performance. The organization of this volume can be understood in terms of four principal categories. The first category deals with general problems of methodology, the second and third with basic concepts arising from research on human learning and performance and the fourth with applications. Volume 1 presented an overview of the field and introduced principal theoretical and methodological issues that persistently recurred in the expanded treatment of specific research areas which comprise the later volumes. The areas traditionally associated with conditioning, learning theory and the basic psychology of human learning are treated in Volumes 2 and 3. The last three volumes will range over active lines of research having to do with human cognitive processes, at the time: Volume 4, attention, memory storage and retrieval; Volumes 5 and 6, information processing, reading, semantic memory, and problem solving.
Book Synopsis Portraits of Pioneers in Psychology by : Gregory A. Kimble
Download or read book Portraits of Pioneers in Psychology written by Gregory A. Kimble and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-04-08 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This third volume in a series devoted to luminaries in the history of psychology--features chapter authors who are themselves highly visible and eminent scholars. They provide glimpses of the giants who shaped modern cognitive and behavioral science, and shed new light on their contributions and personalities, often with a touch of humor or whimsy and with fresh personal insights. The animated style, carefully selected details, and lively perspective make the people, ideas, and controversies in the history of psychology come alive. The fields touched on in this and other volumes cover all of the subfields of psychology. As such, all volumes of Portraits of Pioneers in Psychology will be of interest to psychologists, as well as scholars in related fields. The resourceful teacher could use a selection of chapters as supplementary readings to enhance almost any course in the discipline. The major purpose of these books is to provide source materials for students and their teachers in undergraduate and graduate courses in the history of psychology. Each of the five volumes in this series contains different profiles thereby bringing more than 100 of the pioneers in psychology more vividly to life.
Book Synopsis Causation with a Human Face by : James Woodward
Download or read book Causation with a Human Face written by James Woodward and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-09-27 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past few decades have seen an explosion of research on causal reasoning in philosophy, computer science, and statistics, as well as descriptive work in psychology. In Causation with a Human Face, James Woodward integrates these lines of research and argues for an understanding of how each can inform the other: normative ideas can suggest interesting experiments, while descriptive results can suggest important normative concepts. Woodward's overall framework builds on the interventionist treatment of causation that he developed in Making Things Happen. Normative ideas discussed include proposals about the role of invariant or stable relationships in successful causal reasoning and the notion of proportionality. He argues that these normative ideas are reflected in the causal judgments that people actually make as a descriptive matter. Woodward also discusses the common philosophical practice-particularly salient in philosophical accounts of causation--of appealing to "intuitions" or "judgments about cases" in support of philosophical theses. He explores how, properly understood, such appeals are not different in principle from appeals to results from empirical research, and demonstrates how they may serve as a useful source of information about causal cognition.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Operant Behavior by : Werner K. Honig
Download or read book Handbook of Operant Behavior written by Werner K. Honig and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-02-21 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This classic edition of the Handbook of Operant Behavior presents seminal work in the field of learning and behavior, foreshadowing a new direction for learning research, and presenting many questions that remain unanswered. Featuring impressive contributions from leading figures across the field—ranging from N. J. Mackintosh from what was to become the cognitive school through Morse, Kelleher, Hutchinson, and Hineline on the neglected topic of aversive control to Blough and Blough on psychophysics to Philip Teitelbaum on behavioral physiology—the book is a must-read for anyone interested in human and animal learning. In a newly written introduction, J. E. R. Staddon highlights several issues that deserve more attention: how language is learned and syntax evolves, how animals choose, and a new paradigm for the study of learning in general. The book is essential reading for all students and researchers of learning and behavior, and aims to encourage researchers to revisit some of the fascinating behavioral questions raised by the original book.
