Steinbeck Citizen Spy

Download Steinbeck Citizen Spy full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Steinbeck Citizen Spy ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Steinbeck: Citizen Spy

Author : Brian Kannard
Publisher : Grave Distractions Pub.
ISBN 13 : 0989029395
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (89 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Steinbeck: Citizen Spy by : Brian Kannard

Download or read book Steinbeck: Citizen Spy written by Brian Kannard and published by Grave Distractions Pub.. This book was released on 2013-09-12 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This changes everything we thought we knew about John Steinbeck. After languishing in the CIA’s archives for 60 years, a letter is uncovered in John Steinbeck’s own hand that shatters everything history tells us about the author’s life. Written in 1952, to CIA Director Walter Bedell Smith, Steinbeck makes an offer to become an asset for the Agency during a trip to Europe later that year. More shocking than Steinbeck’s letter is Smith’s reply accepting John’s proposal. Discovered by author Brian Kannard, these letters create the tantalizing proposal that John Steinbeck was, in fact, a CIA spy. Utilizing information from Steinbeck’s FBI file, John’s own correspondence, and interviews with John’s son Thomas Steinbeck, playwright Edward Albee, a former CIA intelligence officer, and others, Steinbeck: Citizen Spy uncovers the secret life of American cultural icon and Nobel Prize–winner, John Steinbeck. •Did Steinbeck actively gather information for the intelligence community during his 1947 and 1963 trips to the Soviet Union? •Why was the controversial author of The Grapes of Wrath never called before the House Select Committee on Un-American Activities, despite alleged ties to Communist organizations? •Did the CIA influence Steinbeck to produce Cold War propaganda as part of Operation MOCKINGBIRD? •Why did the CIA admit to the Church Committee in 1975 that Steinbeck was a subject of their illegal mail-opening program known as HTLINGUAL? These and a host of other resources leave little doubt that there are depths yet unplumbed in the life of one of America’s most treasured authors. Just how heavily was Steinbeck involved in CIA operations? What did he know? And how much did he sacrifice for his country? Steinbeck: Citizen Spy brings us one step closer to the truth.

The Pastures of Heaven

Author : John Steinbeck
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 1440674175
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (46 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Pastures of Heaven by : John Steinbeck

Download or read book The Pastures of Heaven written by John Steinbeck and published by Penguin. This book was released on 1995-04-01 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Penguin Classic In Nobel Prize winner John Steinbeck’s beautifully rendered depictions of small yet fateful moments that transform ordinary lives, these twelve early stories introduce both the subject and style of artistic expression that recur in the most important works of his career. Each of these self-contained stories is linked to the others by the presence of the Munroes, a family whose misguided behavior and lack of sensitivity precipitate disasters and tragedies. As the individual dramas unfold, Steinbeck reveals the self-deceptions, intellectual limitations, and emotional vulnerabilities that shape the characters’ reactions and gradually erode the harmony and dreams that once formed the foundation of the community. This edition includes an introduction and notes by James Nagel. For more than seventy years, Penguin has been the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world. With more than 1,700 titles, Penguin Classics represents a global bookshelf of the best works throughout history and across genres and disciplines. Readers trust the series to provide authoritative texts enhanced by introductions and notes by distinguished scholars and contemporary authors, as well as up-to-date translations by award-winning translators.

The Winter of Our Discontent

Author : John Steinbeck
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 9780143039488
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (394 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Winter of Our Discontent by : John Steinbeck

Download or read book The Winter of Our Discontent written by John Steinbeck and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2008-08-26 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The final novel of one of America’s most beloved writers—a tale of degeneration, corruption, and spiritual crisis A Penguin Classic In awarding John Steinbeck the 1962 Nobel Prize in Literature, the Nobel committee stated that with The Winter of Our Discontent, he had “resumed his position as an independent expounder of the truth, with an unbiased instinct for what is genuinely American.” Ethan Allen Hawley, the protagonist of Steinbeck’s last novel, works as a clerk in a grocery store that his family once owned. With Ethan no longer a member of Long Island’s aristocratic class, his wife is restless, and his teenage children are hungry for the tantalizing material comforts he cannot provide. Then one day, in a moment of moral crisis, Ethan decides to take a holiday from his own scrupulous standards. Set in Steinbeck’s contemporary 1960 America, the novel explores the tenuous line between private and public honesty, and today ranks alongside his most acclaimed works of penetrating insight into the American condition. This Penguin Classics edition features an introduction and notes by leading Steinbeck scholar Susan Shillinglaw. For more than seventy years, Penguin has been the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world. With more than 1,700 titles, Penguin Classics represents a global bookshelf of the best works throughout history and across genres and disciplines. Readers trust the series to provide authoritative texts enhanced by introductions and notes by distinguished scholars and contemporary authors, as well as up-to-date translations by award-winning translators.

Mad at the World: A Life of John Steinbeck

Author : William Souder
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 0393292274
Total Pages : 435 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (932 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Mad at the World: A Life of John Steinbeck by : William Souder

Download or read book Mad at the World: A Life of John Steinbeck written by William Souder and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2020-10-13 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the 2021 Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Biography A Publishers Weekly Best Book of 2020 in Nonfiction A resonant biography of America’s most celebrated novelist of the Great Depression. The first full-length biography of the Nobel laureate to appear in a quarter century, Mad at the World illuminates what has made the work of John Steinbeck an enduring part of the literary canon: his capacity for empathy. Pulitzer Prize finalist William Souder explores Steinbeck’s long apprenticeship as a writer struggling through the depths of the Great Depression, and his rise to greatness with masterpieces such as The Red Pony, Of Mice and Men, and The Grapes of Wrath. Angered by the plight of the Dust Bowl migrants who were starving even as they toiled to harvest California’s limitless bounty, fascinated by the guileless decency of the downtrodden denizens of Cannery Row, and appalled by the country’s refusal to recognize the humanity common to all of its citizens, Steinbeck took a stand against social injustice—paradoxically given his inherent misanthropy—setting him apart from the writers of the so-called "lost generation." A man by turns quick-tempered, compassionate, and ultimately brilliant, Steinbeck could be a difficult person to like. Obsessed with privacy, he was mistrustful of people. Next to writing, his favorite things were drinking and womanizing and getting married, which he did three times. And while he claimed indifference about success, his mid-career books and movie deals made him a lot of money—which passed through his hands as quickly as it came in. And yet Steinbeck also took aim at the corrosiveness of power, the perils of income inequality, and the urgency of ecological collapse, all of which drive public debate to this day. Steinbeck remains our great social realist novelist, the writer who gave the dispossessed and the disenfranchised a voice in American life and letters. Eloquent, nuanced, and deeply researched, Mad at the World captures the full measure of the man and his work.

Simple Sabotage Field Manual

Author : Office of Strategic Services
Publisher : The Floating Press
ISBN 13 : 1775415473
Total Pages : 70 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (754 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Simple Sabotage Field Manual by : Office of Strategic Services

Download or read book Simple Sabotage Field Manual written by Office of Strategic Services and published by The Floating Press. This book was released on 2009-06-01 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Simple Sabotage Field Manual, a genuine guide from the Second World War, states that its purpose is to "characterize simple sabotage, to outline its possible effects, and to present suggestions for inciting and executing it." Among the other fine pieces of advice in this handy volume, one is encouraged to "switch address labels on enemy baggage", "let cutting tools grow dull", "forget to provide paper in toilets", and "change sign posts at intersections and forks; the enemy will go the wrong way and it may be miles before he discovers his mistakes."

Behind the Desert Storm

Author : Pavel Stroilov
Publisher : Price World Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1936910675
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (369 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Behind the Desert Storm by : Pavel Stroilov

Download or read book Behind the Desert Storm written by Pavel Stroilov and published by Price World Publishing. This book was released on 2011-07-15 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using top secret documents stolen from Russian archives, historian Pavel Stroilov, a Russian dissident living in London in political exile, has written a masterpiece on the behind-the-scenes politicking of the first Gulf War that exposes direct lies in the memoirs of President Bush Senior, Brent Scowcroft and James Baker, and explains the truth behind the current revolutions throughout the Middle East. In addition to revealing a great number of never-before-seen top secret documents, Behind the Desert Storm delves into closed-doors discussions between world leaders - something that normally remains secret for a very long time. It tells the hidden history of the events which have largely determined the current state of the Middle East - from the conflict in Iraq to the Israeli-Palestinian 'peace process' to the development of the 'Eurabia' alliance between the EU and the Arab states. Looking forward, Stroilov draws out relevant lessons from history for future foreign policy.

Witness (Scholastic Gold)

Author : Karen Hesse
Publisher : Scholastic Inc.
ISBN 13 : 0545345944
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (453 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Witness (Scholastic Gold) by : Karen Hesse

Download or read book Witness (Scholastic Gold) written by Karen Hesse and published by Scholastic Inc.. This book was released on 2013-03-01 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Newbery Medalist Karen Hesse emerses readers in a small Vermont town in 1924 with this haunting and harrowing tale. Leanora Sutter. Esther Hirsh. Merlin Van Tornhout. Johnny Reeves . . .These characters are among the unforgettable cast inhabiting a small Vermont town in 1924. A town that turns against its own when the Ku Klux Klan moves in. No one is safe, especially the two youngest, twelve-year-old Leanora, an African-American girl, and six-year-old Esther, who is Jewish.In this story of a community on the brink of disaster, told through the haunting and impassioned voices of its inhabitants, Newbery Award winner Karen Hesse takes readers into the hearts and minds of those who bear witness.

Imperial

Author : William T. Vollmann
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 1101105151
Total Pages : 1789 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (11 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Imperial by : William T. Vollmann

Download or read book Imperial written by William T. Vollmann and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2009-07-30 with total page 1789 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the author of Europe Central, winner of the National Book Award, a journalistic tour de force along the Mexican-American border – a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award For generations of migrant workers, Imperial Country has held the promise of paradise and the reality of hell. It sprawls across a stirring accidental sea, across the deserts, date groves and labor camps of Southeastern California, right across the border into Mexico. In this eye-opening book, William T. Vollmann takes us deep into the heart of this haunted region, exploring polluted rivers and guarded factories and talking with everyone from Mexican migrant workers to border patrolmen. Teeming with patterns, facts, stories, people and hope, this is an epic study of an emblematic region.

Missileman

Author : Alice Sullivan
Publisher : Donelson Press
ISBN 13 : 9781944066864
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (668 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Missileman by : Alice Sullivan

Download or read book Missileman written by Alice Sullivan and published by Donelson Press. This book was released on 2021-05-14 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John Clauson grew up believing he was the son of an IBM salesman when actually he was the son of a math savant who worked with the Department of Defense on their missile program during the Cold War. Missileman is the true account of how Wallace Clauson kept his real work hidden from his family and his neighbors for fifty years. Moving every few years, even living for a period Zurich, Switzerland, Clauson led a life full of anxiety and suspicion. Missileman is a story of intrigue and wonder and discovery as son John Clauson reveals how his father, a stealth government agent working against the Russians during the Cold War, somehow managed to maintain a double life and keep his family safe and sheltered from the many dangers inherent in his secret life as a missileman.

The Cultural Cold War

Author : Frances Stonor Saunders
Publisher : New Press, The
ISBN 13 : 1595589147
Total Pages : 458 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (955 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Cultural Cold War by : Frances Stonor Saunders

Download or read book The Cultural Cold War written by Frances Stonor Saunders and published by New Press, The. This book was released on 2013-11-05 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the Cold War, freedom of expression was vaunted as liberal democracy’s most cherished possession—but such freedom was put in service of a hidden agenda. In The Cultural Cold War, Frances Stonor Saunders reveals the extraordinary efforts of a secret campaign in which some of the most vocal exponents of intellectual freedom in the West were working for or subsidized by the CIA—whether they knew it or not. Called "the most comprehensive account yet of the [CIA’s] activities between 1947 and 1967" by the New York Times, the book presents shocking evidence of the CIA’s undercover program of cultural interventions in Western Europe and at home, drawing together declassified documents and exclusive interviews to expose the CIA’s astonishing campaign to deploy the likes of Hannah Arendt, Isaiah Berlin, Leonard Bernstein, Robert Lowell, George Orwell, and Jackson Pollock as weapons in the Cold War. Translated into ten languages, this classic work—now with a new preface by the author—is "a real contribution to popular understanding of the postwar period" (The Wall Street Journal), and its story of covert cultural efforts to win hearts and minds continues to be relevant today.

Travels with George

Author : Nathaniel Philbrick
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0525562184
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (255 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Travels with George by : Nathaniel Philbrick

Download or read book Travels with George written by Nathaniel Philbrick and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2021-09-14 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER “Travels with George . . . is quintessential Philbrick—a lively, courageous, and masterful achievement.” —The Boston Globe Does George Washington still matter? Bestselling author Nathaniel Philbrick argues for Washington’s unique contribution to the forging of America by retracing his journey as a new president through all thirteen former colonies, which were now an unsure nation. Travels with George marks a new first-person voice for Philbrick, weaving history and personal reflection into a single narrative. When George Washington became president in 1789, the United States of America was still a loose and quarrelsome confederation and a tentative political experiment. Washington undertook a tour of the ex-colonies to talk to ordinary citizens about his new government, and to imbue in them the idea of being one thing—Americans. In the fall of 2018, Nathaniel Philbrick embarked on his own journey into what Washington called “the infant woody country” to see for himself what America had become in the 229 years since. Writing in a thoughtful first person about his own adventures with his wife, Melissa, and their dog, Dora, Philbrick follows Washington’s presidential excursions: from Mount Vernon to the new capital in New York; a monthlong tour of Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island; a venture onto Long Island and eventually across Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina. The narrative moves smoothly between the eighteenth and twenty-first centuries as we see the country through both Washington’s and Philbrick’s eyes. Written at a moment when America’s founding figures are under increasing scrutiny, Travels with George grapples bluntly and honestly with Washington’s legacy as a man of the people, a reluctant president, and a plantation owner who held people in slavery. At historic houses and landmarks, Philbrick reports on the reinterpretations at work as he meets reenactors, tour guides, and other keepers of history’s flame. He paints a picture of eighteenth-century America as divided and fraught as it is today, and he comes to understand how Washington compelled, enticed, stood up to, and listened to the many different people he met along the way—and how his all-consuming belief in the union helped to forge a nation.

Steinbeck in Vietnam

Author : John Steinbeck
Publisher : University of Virginia Press
ISBN 13 : 081393270X
Total Pages : 223 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (139 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Steinbeck in Vietnam by : John Steinbeck

Download or read book Steinbeck in Vietnam written by John Steinbeck and published by University of Virginia Press. This book was released on 2012-03-29 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although his career continued for almost three decades after the 1939 publication of The Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck is still most closely associated with his Depression-era works of social struggle. But from Pearl Harbor on, he often wrote passionate accounts of America’s wars based on his own firsthand experience. Vietnam was no exception. Thomas E. Barden’s Steinbeck in Vietnam offers for the first time a complete collection of the dispatches Steinbeck wrote as a war correspondent for Newsday. Rejected by the military because of his reputation as a subversive, and reticent to document the war officially for the Johnson administration, Steinbeck saw in Newsday a unique opportunity to put his skills to use. Between December 1966 and May 1967, the sixty-four-year-old Steinbeck toured the major combat areas of South Vietnam and traveled to the north of Thailand and into Laos, documenting his experiences in a series of columns titled Letters to Alicia, in reference to Newsday publisher Harry F. Guggenheim’s deceased wife. His columns were controversial, coming at a time when opposition to the conflict was growing and even ardent supporters were beginning to question its course. As he dared to go into the field, rode in helicopter gunships, and even fired artillery pieces, many detractors called him a warmonger and worse. Readers today might be surprised that the celebrated author would risk his literary reputation to document such a divisive war, particularly at the end of his career. Drawing on four primary-source archives—the Steinbeck collection at Princeton, the Papers of Harry F. Guggenheim at the Library of Congress, the Pierpont Morgan Library’s Steinbeck holdings, and the archives of Newsday—Barden’s collection brings together the last published writings of this American author of enduring national and international stature. In addition to offering a definitive edition of these essays, Barden includes extensive notes as well as an introduction that provides background on the essays themselves, the military situation, the social context of the 1960s, and Steinbeck’s personal and political attitudes at the time.

Feed

Author : M. T. Anderson
Publisher : Candlewick Press
ISBN 13 : 0763651559
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (636 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Feed by : M. T. Anderson

Download or read book Feed written by M. T. Anderson and published by Candlewick Press. This book was released on 2010-05-11 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Identity crises, consumerism, and star-crossed teenage love in a futuristic society where people connect to the Internet via feeds implanted in their brains. Winner of the LA Times Book Prize. For Titus and his friends, it started out like any ordinary trip to the moon - a chance to party during spring break and play around with some stupid low-grav at the Ricochet Lounge. But that was before the crazy hacker caused all their feeds to malfunction, sending them to the hospital to lie around with nothing inside their heads for days. And it was before Titus met Violet, a beautiful, brainy teenage girl who knows something about what it’s like to live without the feed-and about resisting its omnipresent ability to categorize human thoughts and desires. Following in the footsteps of George Orwell, Anthony Burgess, and Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., M. T. Anderson has created a brave new world - and a hilarious new lingo - sure to appeal to anyone who appreciates smart satire, futuristic fiction laced with humor, or any story featuring skin lesions as a fashion statement.

Double Lives

Author : Stephen Koch
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Double Lives by : Stephen Koch

Download or read book Double Lives written by Stephen Koch and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The story of how Lenin and Stalin's propaganda agent, Willi Munzenberg, manipulated the Western intellectuals and politicians into effectively collaborating with the Soviet Union.

Nothing to Hide

Author : Daniel J. Solove
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300177259
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (1 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Nothing to Hide by : Daniel J. Solove

Download or read book Nothing to Hide written by Daniel J. Solove and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2011-05-31 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "If you've got nothing to hide," many people say, "you shouldn't worry about government surveillance." Others argue that we must sacrifice privacy for security. But as Daniel J. Solove argues in this important book, these arguments and many others are flawed. They are based on mistaken views about what it means to protect privacy and the costs and benefits of doing so. The debate between privacy and security has been framed incorrectly as a zero-sum game in which we are forced to choose between one value and the other. Why can't we have both? In this concise and accessible book, Solove exposes the fallacies of many pro-security arguments that have skewed law and policy to favor security at the expense of privacy. Protecting privacy isn't fatal to security measures; it merely involves adequate oversight and regulation. Solove traces the history of the privacy-security debate from the Revolution to the present day. He explains how the law protects privacy and examines concerns with new technologies. He then points out the failings of our current system and offers specific remedies. Nothing to Hide makes a powerful and compelling case for reaching a better balance between privacy and security and reveals why doing so is essential to protect our freedom and democracy"--Jacket.

Trial of Deacon Brodie

Author : William Roughead
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Trial of Deacon Brodie by : William Roughead

Download or read book Trial of Deacon Brodie written by William Roughead and published by . This book was released on 1906 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Zachary Scott

Author : Ronald L. Davis
Publisher : Univ. Press of Mississippi
ISBN 13 : 1604737131
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (47 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Zachary Scott by : Ronald L. Davis

Download or read book Zachary Scott written by Ronald L. Davis and published by Univ. Press of Mississippi. This book was released on 2009-09-28 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the 1940s, Zachary Scott (1914-1965) was the model for sophisticated, debonair villains in American film. His best-known roles include a mysterious criminal in The Mask of Dimitrios and the indolent husband in Mildred Pierce. He garnered further acclaim for his portrayal of villains in Her Kind of Man, Danger Signal, and South of St. Louis. Although he earned critical praise for his performance as a heroic tenant farmer in Jean Renoir's The Southerner, Scott never quite escaped typecasting. In Zachary Scott: Hollywood's Sophisticated Cad, Ronald L. Davis writes an appealing biography of the film star. Scott grew up in privileged circumstances—his father was a distinguished physician; his grandfather was a pioneer cattle baron—and was expected to follow his father into medical practice. Instead, Scott began to pursue a career in theater while studying at the University of Texas and subsequently worked his way on a ship to England to pursue acting. Upon his return to America, he began to look for work in New York. Excelling on stage and screen throughout the 1940s, Scott seemed destined for stardom. By the end of 1950, however, he had suffered through a turbulent divorce. A rafting accident left him badly shaken and clinically depressed. His frustration over his roles mounted, and he began to drink heavily. He remarried and spent the rest of his career concentrating on stage and television work. Although Scott continued to perform occasionally in films, he never reclaimed the level of stardom that he had in the mid-1940s. To reconstruct Scott's life, Davis uses interviews with Scott and colleagues and reviews, articles, and archival correspondence from the Scott papers at the University of Texas and from the Warner Brothers Archives. The result is a portrait of a talented actor who was rarely allowed to show his versatility on the screen.