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Steady State Flammable Gas Release Rate Calculation Lower Flammability Level Evaluation For Hanford Tank Waste Sec 1 2
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Book Synopsis Steady State Flammable Gas Release Rate Calculation & Lower Flammability Level Evaluation for Hanford Tank Waste [SEC 1 & 2]. by :
Download or read book Steady State Flammable Gas Release Rate Calculation & Lower Flammability Level Evaluation for Hanford Tank Waste [SEC 1 & 2]. written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assess the steady state level at normal & off-normal ventilation conditions. Hydrogen generation rate calculated for 177 tanks using rate equation model. Flammability calc. based on hydrogen, ammonia, & methane proformed for tanks at various scenarios.
Book Synopsis Steady-state Flammable Gas Release Rate Calculation and Lower Flammability Level Evaluation for Hanford Tank Waste by : Tachung A. Hu
Download or read book Steady-state Flammable Gas Release Rate Calculation and Lower Flammability Level Evaluation for Hanford Tank Waste written by Tachung A. Hu and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Steady-state Flammable Gas Release Rate Calculation and Lower Flammability Level Evaluation for Hanford Tank Waste by :
Download or read book Steady-state Flammable Gas Release Rate Calculation and Lower Flammability Level Evaluation for Hanford Tank Waste written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Flammable Gas Release Estimates for Modified Sluicing Retrieval of Waste from Selected Hanford Single-Shell Tanks by :
Download or read book Flammable Gas Release Estimates for Modified Sluicing Retrieval of Waste from Selected Hanford Single-Shell Tanks written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The high-level radioactive wastes in many single-shell tanks (SSTs) at the Hanford Site are to be retrieved by a modified sluicing method that uses water jets to dissolve the water-soluble waste and mobilize the water-insoluble waste. Retrieval operations will liberate any waste gases trapped in the wetted solid waste matrix, and these gases will be released into the tank headspaces. Because the trapped gases include the flammable species hydrogen, methane, and ammonia, a concern exists that a flammable mixture could be formed in the tank headspaces. This report combines conservative retained gas inventory estimates and tank data with anticipated waste retrieval rates to estimate the potential headspace flammability of selected SSTs during modified sluicing waste retrieval operations. Considered here are nine of the 12 tanks from the 241-S tank farm (241-S-107, 241-S-111, and 241-S 112 are not considered) and Tank 241-U-107. This report is intended to support the specification of process controls that ensure flammable conditions do not develop in the tank headspaces. Consequently, the physical scenarios considered, the models developed to estimate retained gas releases and the tank headspace compositions under these scenarios, and the model input data are intended to conservatively assess the potential to reach headspace flammability. The analyses are intended to address worst-case conditions and establish reasonable upper bounds on the achievable flammability of the tank headspaces. Flammable retained gas inventories, for example, are based on the 95th percentile developed by Barker and Hedengren (2003), giving 95% confidence that actual inventories are smaller than those used in the calculations. Gas releases and headspace flammability were evaluated for three general scenarios: a very aggressive dissolution and erosion of saltcake waste by water jets impinging on the waste surface, the drainage of interstitial liquids from saltcake during a shutdown of the retrieval process, and the dissolution of saltcake by unsaturated liquids during a shutdown of the retrieval process. The simple model of waste retrieval using the modified sluicing approach indicated that the flammable gas headspace concentrations can rapidly approach the action level of 25% of the lower flammability limit (LFL) when the tank is passively ventilated. While it is not necessary to use the portable exhauster to maintain the headspace hydrogen concentration below this action level, retrieval rates would probably be limited by the slow removal of flammable gases by passive ventilation. It was determined that using a portable exhauster anywhere in the assumed operating range of 270 to 475 cfm would prevent the headspaces from reaching the 25% of LFL action level even if the water jets are very effective at eroding the saltcake. Specific guidelines are developed to ensure that, in the event of a catastrophic loss of the retrieval pump and portable exhauster, headspace flammability will not reach the LFL. This report is Revision 1 of PNNL-14271. This revision expands the analysis of interstitial liquid drainage-induced gas releases to address a general retrieval scenario (the previous version of this report assumed a center-out retrieval approach and conditions). Tank waste conditions (waste volumes, interstitial liquid levels, temperatures, retained gas void fractions, etc.) have also been updated from the previous version.
Book Synopsis Steady-state Flammability Evaluation for the Waste Level Increase to 460 Inches in 241-AP Tank Farms Tanks by : Tachung A. Hu
Download or read book Steady-state Flammability Evaluation for the Waste Level Increase to 460 Inches in 241-AP Tank Farms Tanks written by Tachung A. Hu and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Methodology for Flammable Gas Evaluations by :
Download or read book Methodology for Flammable Gas Evaluations written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are 177 radioactive waste storage tanks at the Hanford Site. The waste generates flammable gases. The waste releases gas continuously, but in some tanks the waste has shown a tendency to trap these flammable gases. When enough gas is trapped in a tank's waste matrix, it may be released in a way that renders part or all of the tank atmosphere flammable for a period of time. Tanks must be evaluated against previously defined criteria to determine whether they can present a flammable gas hazard. This document presents the methodology for evaluating tanks in two areas of concern in the tank headspace:steady-state flammable-gas concentration resulting from continuous release, and concentration resulting from an episodic gas release.
Book Synopsis Consilium privatum ad causam Lorentz Harms, sen. u. Autoris Intervenienten Und Lorentz Harms, jun. vorm. Pupillen Kläg. u. Intervenienten, contra Marien Harmsen, Bekl u. Interventin, itzo Peter Harmsen by :
Download or read book Consilium privatum ad causam Lorentz Harms, sen. u. Autoris Intervenienten Und Lorentz Harms, jun. vorm. Pupillen Kläg. u. Intervenienten, contra Marien Harmsen, Bekl u. Interventin, itzo Peter Harmsen written by and published by . This book was released on 1706 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Program Plan for Evaluation and Remediation of the Generation and Release of Flammable Gases in Hanford Site Waste Tanks by :
Download or read book Program Plan for Evaluation and Remediation of the Generation and Release of Flammable Gases in Hanford Site Waste Tanks written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This program plan describes the activities being conducted for the resolution of the flammable gas problem that is associated with 23 high-level waste tanks at the Hanford Site. The classification of the wastes in all of these tanks is not final and some wastes may not be high-level wastes. However, until the characterization and classification is complete, all the tanks are treated as if they contain high-level waste. Of the 23 tanks, Tank 241-SY-101 (referred to as Tank 101-SY) has exhibited significant episodic releases of flammable gases (hydrogen and nitrous oxide) for the past 10 years. The major near-term focus of this program is for the understanding and stabilization of this tank. An understanding of the mechanism for gas generation and the processes for the episodic release will be obtained through sampling of the tank contents, laboratory studies, and modeling of the tank behavior. Additional information will be obtained through new and upgraded instrumentation for the tank. A number of remediation, or stabilization, concepts will be evaluated for near-term (2 to 3 years) applications to Tank 101-SY. Detailed safety assessments are required for all activities that will occur in the tank (sampling, removal of equipment, and addition of new instruments). This program plan presents a discussion of each task, provides schedules for near-term activities, and gives a summary of the expected work for fiscal years 1991, 1992, and 1993. 16 refs., 7 figs., 8 tabs.
Book Synopsis Flammable Gas Tank Safety Program by :
Download or read book Flammable Gas Tank Safety Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flammable gases generated in radioactive liquids. Twenty-five high level radioactive liquid waste storage tanks located underground at the Hanford Site are on a Flammable Gas Watch List because they contain waste which tends to retain the gases generated in it until rather large quantities are available for sudden release to the tank head space; if a tank is full it has little dome space, and a flammable concentration of gases could be produced--even if the tank is ventilated. If the waste has no tendency to retain gas generated in it then a continual flammable gas concentration in the tank dome space is established by the gas production rate and the tank ventilation rate (or breathing rate for unventilated tanks); this is also a potential problem for Flammable Gas Watch List tanks, and perhaps other Hanford tanks too. All Flammable Gas Watch List tanks will be fitted with Standard Hydorgen Monitoring Systems so that their behavior can be observed. In some cases, such as tank 241-SY-101, the data gathered from such observations will indicate that tank conditions need to be mitigated so that gas release events are either eliminated or rendered harmless. For example, a mixer pump was installed in tank 241-SY-101; operating the pump stirs the waste, replacing the large gas release events with small releases of gas that are kept below twenty-five percent of the lower flammability limit by the ventilation system. The concentration of hydrogen measured in Hanford waste tanks is greater than that of any other flammable gas. Hydrogen levels measured with a Standard Hydrogen Monitoring System in excess of 0.6 volume percent will cause Westinghouse Hanford Company to consider actions which will decrease the amount of flammable gas in the tank.
Book Synopsis Flammable Gas Issues in Double-contained Receiver Tanks. Revision 1 by :
Download or read book Flammable Gas Issues in Double-contained Receiver Tanks. Revision 1 written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Four double-contained receiver tanks (DCRTs) at Hanford will be used to store salt-well pumped liquids from tanks on the Flammable Gas Watch List. This document was created to serve as a technical basis or reference document for flammable gas issues in DCRTs. The document identifies, describes, evaluates, and attempts to quantify potential gas carryover and release mechanisms. It estimates several key parameters needed for these calculations, such as initial aqueous concentrations and ventilation rate, and evaluates the uncertainty in those estimates. It justifies the use of the Schumpe model for estimating vapor-liquid equilibrium constants. It identifies several potential waste compatibility issues (such as mixing and pH or temperature changes) that could lead to gas release and provides a basis for calculating their effects. It evaluates the potential for gas retention in precipitated solids within a DCRT and whether retention could lead to a buoyant displacement instability (rollover) event. It discusses rates of radiolytic, thermal, and corrosive hydrogen generation within the DCRT. It also describes in detail the accepted method of calculating the lower flammability limit (LFL) for mixtures of flammable gases.
Book Synopsis Flammable Gas Tank Waste Level Reconcilliation for 241-SX-102 by :
Download or read book Flammable Gas Tank Waste Level Reconcilliation for 241-SX-102 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluoro Dynel Northwest (FDNW) was authorized to address flammable gas issues by reconciling the unexplained surface level increases in Tank 24 1-S-1 1 1 (S-I 1 1, typical). The trapped gas evaluation document (ref 1) states that Tank SX-102 exceeds the 25% of the lower flammable limit (FL) criterion (ref 2), based on a surface level rise evaluation. The Waste Storage Tank Status and Leak Detection Criteria document, commonly referred to as the ''Wallet Report'' is the basis for this letter report (ref 3). The Wallet Report is also a part of the trapped gas evaluation document criteria. The Wallet Report contains various tank information, including: physical information, status, levels, and dry wells, see Appendix A. The unexplained waste level rises were attributed to the production and retention of gas in the column of waste corresponding to the unacquainted for surface level rise. From 1973 through 1980, the Wallet Report tracked Tank S- 102 transfers and reported a net cumulative change of 19.95 in. This surface level increase is from an unknown source or is unacquainted for. Duke Engineering and Services Hanford (DASH) and Leached Martin Hanford Corporation (LMHC) are interested in determining the validity of the unexplained surface level changes reported in the 0611e Wallet Report based upon other corroborative sources of data. The purpose of this letter report is to assemble detailed surface level and waste addition data from daily tank records, logbooks, and other corroborative data that indicate surface levels, and to reconcile the cumulative unacquainted for surface level changes as shown in the Wallet Report from 1973 through 1980.
Book Synopsis Flammable Gas Release Estimates for Modified Sluicing Retrieval of Waste from Selected Hanford Single-shell Tanks by : James L. Huckaby
Download or read book Flammable Gas Release Estimates for Modified Sluicing Retrieval of Waste from Selected Hanford Single-shell Tanks written by James L. Huckaby and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Vergleichende Untersuchungen an Schäumen von Vollmilch, Magermilch und Fettmolke by :
Download or read book Vergleichende Untersuchungen an Schäumen von Vollmilch, Magermilch und Fettmolke written by and published by . This book was released on 1936 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Overview of the Flammability of Gases Generated in Hanford Waste Tanks by :
Download or read book Overview of the Flammability of Gases Generated in Hanford Waste Tanks written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents an overview of what is known about the flammability of the gases generated and retained in Hanford waste tanks in terms of the gas composition, flammability and detonability limits of the gas constituents, and availability of ignition sources. The intrinsic flammability (or non-flammability) of waste gas mixtures is one major determinant of whether a flammable region develops in the tank headspace; other factors are the rate, surface area, and volume of the release and the tank ventilation rate, which are not covered in this report.
Book Synopsis Flammable Gas Tank Waste Level Reconciliation for 241-SX-105 by :
Download or read book Flammable Gas Tank Waste Level Reconciliation for 241-SX-105 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluor Daniel Northwest was authorized to address flammable gas issues by reconciling the unexplained surface level increases in Tank 241-SX-105 (SX-105, typical). The trapped gas evaluation document states that Tank SX-105 exceeds the 25% of the lower flammable limit criterion, based on a surface level rise evaluation. The Waste Storage Tank Status and Leak Detection Criteria document, commonly referred to as the Welty Report is the basis for this letter report. The Welty Report is also a part of the trapped gas evaluation document criteria. The Welty Report contains various tank information, including: physical information, status, levels, and dry wells. The unexplained waste level rises were attributed to the production and retention of gas in the column of waste corresponding to the unaccounted for surface level rise. From 1973 through 1980, the Welty Report tracked Tank SX-105 transfers and reported a net cumulative change of 20.75 in. This surface level increase is from an unknown source or is unaccounted for. Duke Engineering and Services Hanford and Lockheed Martin Hanford Corporation are interested in determining the validity of unexplained surface level changes reported in the Welty Report based upon other corroborative sources of data. The purpose of this letter report is to assemble detailed surface level and waste addition data from daily tank records, logbooks, and other corroborative data that indicate surface levels, and to reconcile the cumulative unaccounted for surface level changes as shown in the Welty Report from 1973 through 1980. Tank SX-105 initially received waste from REDOX starting the second quarter of 1955. After June 1975, the tank primarily received processed waste (slurry) from the 242-S Evaporator/Crystallizer and transferred supernate waste to Tanks S-102 and SX-102. The Welty Report shows a cumulative change of 20.75 in. from June 1973 through December 1980.
Book Synopsis Analysis of Induced Gas Releases During Retrieval of Hanford Double-shell Tank Waste by : Beric E. Wells
Download or read book Analysis of Induced Gas Releases During Retrieval of Hanford Double-shell Tank Waste written by Beric E. Wells and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Overview of the Flammability of Gases Generated in Hanford Waste Tanks by : L. A. Mahoney
Download or read book Overview of the Flammability of Gases Generated in Hanford Waste Tanks written by L. A. Mahoney and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents an overview of what is known about the flammability of the gases generated and retained in Hanford waste tanks in terms of the gas composition, the flammability and detonability limits of the gas constituents, and the availability of ignition sources. The intrinsic flammability (or nonflammability) of waste gas mixtures is one major determinant of whether a flammable region develops in the tank headspace; other factors are the rate, surface area, volume of the release, and the tank ventiliation rate, which are not covered in this report. The overall conclusion of this study is that most of the RGS-sampled tanks, and probably most of the tanks at Hanford, contain gas whose composition is such that it can be readily ignited and burned if sufficient gas is released rapidly enough into a tank's headspace. However, it is unlikely that such a deflagration in the headspace will make the transition to a detonation. It is very unlikely that a deflagration could propagate in the retained gas within the waste, and implausible that detonation could be achieved within the waste.
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