Statistics and Data with R

Download Statistics and Data with R PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 047072188X
Total Pages : 618 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (77 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Statistics and Data with R by : Yosef Cohen

Download or read book Statistics and Data with R written by Yosef Cohen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-11-20 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: R, an Open Source software, has become the de facto statistical computing environment. It has an excellent collection of data manipulation and graphics capabilities. It is extensible and comes with a large number of packages that allow statistical analysis at all levels – from simple to advanced – and in numerous fields including Medicine, Genetics, Biology, Environmental Sciences, Geology, Social Sciences and much more. The software is maintained and developed by academicians and professionals and as such, is continuously evolving and up to date. Statistics and Data with R presents an accessible guide to data manipulations, statistical analysis and graphics using R. Assuming no previous knowledge of statistics or R, the book includes: A comprehensive introduction to the R language. An integrated approach to importing and preparing data for analysis, exploring and analyzing the data, and presenting results. Over 300 examples, including detailed explanations of the R scripts used throughout. Over 100 moderately large data sets from disciplines ranging from Biology, Ecology and Environmental Science to Medicine, Law, Military and Social Sciences. A parallel discussion of analyses with the normal density, proportions (binomial), counts (Poisson) and bootstrap methods. Two extensive indexes that include references to every R function (and its arguments and packages used in the book) and to every introduced concept.

Modern Statistics with R

Download Modern Statistics with R PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BoD - Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9152701514
Total Pages : 598 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (527 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Modern Statistics with R by : Måns Thulin

Download or read book Modern Statistics with R written by Måns Thulin and published by BoD - Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-07-28 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past decades have transformed the world of statistical data analysis, with new methods, new types of data, and new computational tools. The aim of Modern Statistics with R is to introduce you to key parts of the modern statistical toolkit. It teaches you: - Data wrangling - importing, formatting, reshaping, merging, and filtering data in R. - Exploratory data analysis - using visualisation and multivariate techniques to explore datasets. - Statistical inference - modern methods for testing hypotheses and computing confidence intervals. - Predictive modelling - regression models and machine learning methods for prediction, classification, and forecasting. - Simulation - using simulation techniques for sample size computations and evaluations of statistical methods. - Ethics in statistics - ethical issues and good statistical practice. - R programming - writing code that is fast, readable, and free from bugs. Starting from the very basics, Modern Statistics with R helps you learn R by working with R. Topics covered range from plotting data and writing simple R code to using cross-validation for evaluating complex predictive models and using simulation for sample size determination. The book includes more than 200 exercises with fully worked solutions. Some familiarity with basic statistical concepts, such as linear regression, is assumed. No previous programming experience is needed.

Introductory Statistics with R

Download Introductory Statistics with R PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387790543
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Introductory Statistics with R by : Peter Dalgaard

Download or read book Introductory Statistics with R written by Peter Dalgaard and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-27 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an elementary-level introduction to R, targeting both non-statistician scientists in various fields and students of statistics. The main mode of presentation is via code examples with liberal commenting of the code and the output, from the computational as well as the statistical viewpoint. Brief sections introduce the statistical methods before they are used. A supplementary R package can be downloaded and contains the data sets. All examples are directly runnable and all graphics in the text are generated from the examples. The statistical methodology covered includes statistical standard distributions, one- and two-sample tests with continuous data, regression analysis, one-and two-way analysis of variance, regression analysis, analysis of tabular data, and sample size calculations. In addition, the last four chapters contain introductions to multiple linear regression analysis, linear models in general, logistic regression, and survival analysis.

Introduction to Data Science

Download Introduction to Data Science PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000708039
Total Pages : 794 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Introduction to Data Science by : Rafael A. Irizarry

Download or read book Introduction to Data Science written by Rafael A. Irizarry and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-11-20 with total page 794 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Data Science: Data Analysis and Prediction Algorithms with R introduces concepts and skills that can help you tackle real-world data analysis challenges. It covers concepts from probability, statistical inference, linear regression, and machine learning. It also helps you develop skills such as R programming, data wrangling, data visualization, predictive algorithm building, file organization with UNIX/Linux shell, version control with Git and GitHub, and reproducible document preparation. This book is a textbook for a first course in data science. No previous knowledge of R is necessary, although some experience with programming may be helpful. The book is divided into six parts: R, data visualization, statistics with R, data wrangling, machine learning, and productivity tools. Each part has several chapters meant to be presented as one lecture. The author uses motivating case studies that realistically mimic a data scientist’s experience. He starts by asking specific questions and answers these through data analysis so concepts are learned as a means to answering the questions. Examples of the case studies included are: US murder rates by state, self-reported student heights, trends in world health and economics, the impact of vaccines on infectious disease rates, the financial crisis of 2007-2008, election forecasting, building a baseball team, image processing of hand-written digits, and movie recommendation systems. The statistical concepts used to answer the case study questions are only briefly introduced, so complementing with a probability and statistics textbook is highly recommended for in-depth understanding of these concepts. If you read and understand the chapters and complete the exercises, you will be prepared to learn the more advanced concepts and skills needed to become an expert.

Statistics and Data Visualization Using R

Download Statistics and Data Visualization Using R PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1544333846
Total Pages : 624 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (443 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Statistics and Data Visualization Using R by : David S. Brown

Download or read book Statistics and Data Visualization Using R written by David S. Brown and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2021-08-24 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designed to introduce students to quantitative methods in a way that can be applied to all kinds of data in all kinds of situations, Statistics and Data Visualization Using R: The Art and Practice of Data Analysis by David S. Brown teaches students statistics through charts, graphs, and displays of data that help students develop intuition around statistics as well as data visualization skills. By focusing on the visual nature of statistics instead of mathematical proofs and derivations, students can see the relationships between variables that are the foundation of quantitative analysis. Using the latest tools in R and R RStudio® for calculations and data visualization, students learn valuable skills they can take with them into a variety of future careers in the public sector, the private sector, or academia. Starting at the most basic introduction to data and going through most crucial statistical methods, this introductory textbook quickly gets students new to statistics up to speed running analyses and interpreting data from social science research.

Graphics for Statistics and Data Analysis with R

Download Graphics for Statistics and Data Analysis with R PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1584880872
Total Pages : 486 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (848 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Graphics for Statistics and Data Analysis with R by : Kevin J Keen

Download or read book Graphics for Statistics and Data Analysis with R written by Kevin J Keen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-04-26 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Graphics for Statistics and Data Analysis with R presents the basic principles of sound graphical design and applies these principles to engaging examples using the graphical functions available in R. It offers a wide array of graphical displays for the presentation of data, including modern tools for data visualization and representation. The book considers graphical displays of a single discrete variable, a single continuous variable, and then two or more of each of these. It includes displays and the R code for producing the displays for the dot chart, bar chart, pictographs, stemplot, boxplot, and variations on the quantile-quantile plot. The author discusses nonparametric and parametric density estimation, diagnostic plots for the simple linear regression model, polynomial regression, and locally weighted polynomial regression for producing a smooth curve through data on a scatterplot. The last chapter illustrates visualizing multivariate data with examples using Trellis graphics. Showing how to use graphics to display or summarize data, this text provides best practice guidelines for producing and choosing among graphical displays. It also covers the most effective graphing functions in R. R code is available for download on the book’s website.

Learning Statistics with R

Download Learning Statistics with R PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Lulu.com
ISBN 13 : 1326189727
Total Pages : 617 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (261 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Learning Statistics with R by : Daniel Navarro

Download or read book Learning Statistics with R written by Daniel Navarro and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2013-01-13 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Learning Statistics with R" covers the contents of an introductory statistics class, as typically taught to undergraduate psychology students, focusing on the use of the R statistical software and adopting a light, conversational style throughout. The book discusses how to get started in R, and gives an introduction to data manipulation and writing scripts. From a statistical perspective, the book discusses descriptive statistics and graphing first, followed by chapters on probability theory, sampling and estimation, and null hypothesis testing. After introducing the theory, the book covers the analysis of contingency tables, t-tests, ANOVAs and regression. Bayesian statistics are covered at the end of the book. For more information (and the opportunity to check the book out before you buy!) visit http://ua.edu.au/ccs/teaching/lsr or http://learningstatisticswithr.com

R for Data Science

Download R for Data Science PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : "O'Reilly Media, Inc."
ISBN 13 : 1491910364
Total Pages : 521 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (919 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis R for Data Science by : Hadley Wickham

Download or read book R for Data Science written by Hadley Wickham and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2016-12-12 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn how to use R to turn raw data into insight, knowledge, and understanding. This book introduces you to R, RStudio, and the tidyverse, a collection of R packages designed to work together to make data science fast, fluent, and fun. Suitable for readers with no previous programming experience, R for Data Science is designed to get you doing data science as quickly as possible. Authors Hadley Wickham and Garrett Grolemund guide you through the steps of importing, wrangling, exploring, and modeling your data and communicating the results. You'll get a complete, big-picture understanding of the data science cycle, along with basic tools you need to manage the details. Each section of the book is paired with exercises to help you practice what you've learned along the way. You'll learn how to: Wrangle—transform your datasets into a form convenient for analysis Program—learn powerful R tools for solving data problems with greater clarity and ease Explore—examine your data, generate hypotheses, and quickly test them Model—provide a low-dimensional summary that captures true "signals" in your dataset Communicate—learn R Markdown for integrating prose, code, and results

The Book of R

Download The Book of R PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : No Starch Press
ISBN 13 : 1593277792
Total Pages : 833 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (932 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Book of R by : Tilman M. Davies

Download or read book The Book of R written by Tilman M. Davies and published by No Starch Press. This book was released on 2016-07-16 with total page 833 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Book of R is a comprehensive, beginner-friendly guide to R, the world’s most popular programming language for statistical analysis. Even if you have no programming experience and little more than a grounding in the basics of mathematics, you’ll find everything you need to begin using R effectively for statistical analysis. You’ll start with the basics, like how to handle data and write simple programs, before moving on to more advanced topics, like producing statistical summaries of your data and performing statistical tests and modeling. You’ll even learn how to create impressive data visualizations with R’s basic graphics tools and contributed packages, like ggplot2 and ggvis, as well as interactive 3D visualizations using the rgl package. Dozens of hands-on exercises (with downloadable solutions) take you from theory to practice, as you learn: –The fundamentals of programming in R, including how to write data frames, create functions, and use variables, statements, and loops –Statistical concepts like exploratory data analysis, probabilities, hypothesis tests, and regression modeling, and how to execute them in R –How to access R’s thousands of functions, libraries, and data sets –How to draw valid and useful conclusions from your data –How to create publication-quality graphics of your results Combining detailed explanations with real-world examples and exercises, this book will provide you with a solid understanding of both statistics and the depth of R’s functionality. Make The Book of R your doorway into the growing world of data analysis.

Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis

Download Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031118332
Total Pages : 584 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (311 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis by : Christian Heumann

Download or read book Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis written by Christian Heumann and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-30 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in its second edition, this introductory statistics textbook conveys the essential concepts and tools needed to develop and nurture statistical thinking. It presents descriptive, inductive and explorative statistical methods and guides the reader through the process of quantitative data analysis. This revised and extended edition features new chapters on logistic regression, simple random sampling, including bootstrapping, and causal inference. The text is primarily intended for undergraduate students in disciplines such as business administration, the social sciences, medicine, politics, and macroeconomics. It features a wealth of examples, exercises and solutions with computer code in the statistical programming language R, as well as supplementary material that will enable the reader to quickly adapt the methods to their own applications.

Statistics With R

Download Statistics With R PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1506388132
Total Pages : 821 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (63 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Statistics With R by : Jenine K. Harris

Download or read book Statistics With R written by Jenine K. Harris and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2019-12-19 with total page 821 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recipient of a 2021 Most Promising New Textbook Award from the Textbook & Academic Authors Association (TAA) "Statistics with R is easily the most accessible and almost fun introduction to statistics and R that I have read. Even the most hesitant student is likely to embrace the material with this text." —David A.M. Peterson, Department of Political Science, Iowa State University Drawing on examples from across the social and behavioral sciences, Statistics with R: Solving Problems Using Real-World Data introduces foundational statistics concepts with beginner-friendly R programming in an exploration of the world’s tricky problems faced by the "R Team" characters. Inspired by the programming group "R Ladies," the R Team works together to master the skills of statistical analysis and data visualization to untangle real-world, messy data using R. The storylines draw students into investigating contemporary issues such as marijuana legalization, voter registration, and the opioid epidemic, and lead them step-by-step through full-color illustrations of R statistics and interactive exercises. Included with this title: The password-protected Instructor Resource Site (formally known as SAGE Edge) offers access to all text-specific resources, including a test bank and editable, chapter-specific PowerPoint® slides.

Statistical Inference via Data Science: A ModernDive into R and the Tidyverse

Download Statistical Inference via Data Science: A ModernDive into R and the Tidyverse PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000763463
Total Pages : 461 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Statistical Inference via Data Science: A ModernDive into R and the Tidyverse by : Chester Ismay

Download or read book Statistical Inference via Data Science: A ModernDive into R and the Tidyverse written by Chester Ismay and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-12-23 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Statistical Inference via Data Science: A ModernDive into R and the Tidyverse provides a pathway for learning about statistical inference using data science tools widely used in industry, academia, and government. It introduces the tidyverse suite of R packages, including the ggplot2 package for data visualization, and the dplyr package for data wrangling. After equipping readers with just enough of these data science tools to perform effective exploratory data analyses, the book covers traditional introductory statistics topics like confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, and multiple regression modeling, while focusing on visualization throughout. Features: ● Assumes minimal prerequisites, notably, no prior calculus nor coding experience ● Motivates theory using real-world data, including all domestic flights leaving New York City in 2013, the Gapminder project, and the data journalism website, FiveThirtyEight.com ● Centers on simulation-based approaches to statistical inference rather than mathematical formulas ● Uses the infer package for "tidy" and transparent statistical inference to construct confidence intervals and conduct hypothesis tests via the bootstrap and permutation methods ● Provides all code and output embedded directly in the text; also available in the online version at moderndive.com This book is intended for individuals who would like to simultaneously start developing their data science toolbox and start learning about the inferential and modeling tools used in much of modern-day research. The book can be used in methods and data science courses and first courses in statistics, at both the undergraduate and graduate levels.

Learn R for Applied Statistics

Download Learn R for Applied Statistics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Apress
ISBN 13 : 1484242009
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (842 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Learn R for Applied Statistics by : Eric Goh Ming Hui

Download or read book Learn R for Applied Statistics written by Eric Goh Ming Hui and published by Apress. This book was released on 2018-11-30 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gain the R programming language fundamentals for doing the applied statistics useful for data exploration and analysis in data science and data mining. This book covers topics ranging from R syntax basics, descriptive statistics, and data visualizations to inferential statistics and regressions. After learning R’s syntax, you will work through data visualizations such as histograms and boxplot charting, descriptive statistics, and inferential statistics such as t-test, chi-square test, ANOVA, non-parametric test, and linear regressions. Learn R for Applied Statistics is a timely skills-migration book that equips you with the R programming fundamentals and introduces you to applied statistics for data explorations. What You Will LearnDiscover R, statistics, data science, data mining, and big data Master the fundamentals of R programming, including variables and arithmetic, vectors, lists, data frames, conditional statements, loops, and functions Work with descriptive statistics Create data visualizations, including bar charts, line charts, scatter plots, boxplots, histograms, and scatterplots Use inferential statistics including t-tests, chi-square tests, ANOVA, non-parametric tests, linear regressions, and multiple linear regressions Who This Book Is For Those who are interested in data science, in particular data exploration using applied statistics, and the use of R programming for data visualizations.

New Statistics with R

Download New Statistics with R PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198729057
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis New Statistics with R by : Andy Hector

Download or read book New Statistics with R written by Andy Hector and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Statistical methods are a key tool for all scientists working with data, but learning the basic mathematical skills can be one of the most challenging components of a biologist's training. This accessible book provides a contemporary introduction to the classical techniques and modern extensions of linear model analysis: one of the most useful approaches in the analysis of scientific data in the life and environmental sciences. It emphasizes an estimation-based approach that accounts for recent criticisms of the over-use of probability values, and introduces alternative approaches using information criteria. Statistics are introduced through worked analyses performed in R, the free open source programming language for statistics and graphics, which is rapidly becoming the standard software in many areas of science and technology. These analyses use real data sets from ecology, evolutionary biology and environmental science, and the data sets and R scripts are available as support material. The book's structure and user friendly style stem from the author's 20 years of experience teaching statistics to life and environmental scientists at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. The New Statistics with R is suitable for senior undergraduate and graduate students, professional researchers, and practitioners in the fields of ecology, evolution, environmental studies, and computational biology.

Basic Statistics with R

Download Basic Statistics with R PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128209267
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Basic Statistics with R by : Stephen C. Loftus

Download or read book Basic Statistics with R written by Stephen C. Loftus and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-02-20 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basic Statistics with R: Reaching Decisions with Data provides an understanding of the processes at work in using data for results. Sections cover data collection and discuss exploratory analyses, including visual graphs, numerical summaries, and relationships between variables - basic probability, and statistical inference - including hypothesis testing and confidence intervals. All topics are taught using real-data drawn from various fields, including economics, biology, political science and sports. Using this wide variety of motivating examples allows students to directly connect and make statistics essential to their field of interest, rather than seeing it as a separate and ancillary knowledge area. In addition to introducing students to statistical topics using real data, the book provides a gentle introduction to coding, having the students use the statistical language and software R. Students learn to load data, calculate summary statistics, create graphs and do statistical inference using R with either Windows or Macintosh machines. Features real-data to give students an engaging practice to connect with their areas of interest Evolves from basic problems that can be worked by hand to the elementary use of opensource R software Offers a direct, clear approach highlighted by useful visuals and examples

Using R for Statistics

Download Using R for Statistics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Apress
ISBN 13 : 1484201396
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (842 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Using R for Statistics by : Sarah Baldock

Download or read book Using R for Statistics written by Sarah Baldock and published by Apress. This book was released on 2014-07-05 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using R for Statistics will get you the answers to most of the problems you are likely to encounter when using a variety of statistics. This book is a problem-solution primer for using R to set up your data, pose your problems and get answers using a wide array of statistical tests. The book walks you through R basics and how to use R to accomplish a wide variety statistical operations. You'll be able to navigate the R system, enter and import data, manipulate datasets, calculate summary statistics, create statistical plots and customize their appearance, perform hypothesis tests such as the t-tests and analyses of variance, and build regression models. Examples are built around actual datasets to simulate real-world solutions, and programming basics are explained to assist those who do not have a development background. After reading and using this guide, you'll be comfortable using and applying R to your specific statistical analyses or hypothesis tests. No prior knowledge of R or of programming is assumed, though you should have some experience with statistics.

Using R for Introductory Statistics

Download Using R for Introductory Statistics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1315360306
Total Pages : 522 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (153 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Using R for Introductory Statistics by : John Verzani

Download or read book Using R for Introductory Statistics written by John Verzani and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of a bestselling textbook, Using R for Introductory Statistics guides students through the basics of R, helping them overcome the sometimes steep learning curve. The author does this by breaking the material down into small, task-oriented steps. The second edition maintains the features that made the first edition so popular, while updating data, examples, and changes to R in line with the current version. See What’s New in the Second Edition: Increased emphasis on more idiomatic R provides a grounding in the functionality of base R. Discussions of the use of RStudio helps new R users avoid as many pitfalls as possible. Use of knitr package makes code easier to read and therefore easier to reason about. Additional information on computer-intensive approaches motivates the traditional approach. Updated examples and data make the information current and topical. The book has an accompanying package, UsingR, available from CRAN, R’s repository of user-contributed packages. The package contains the data sets mentioned in the text (data(package="UsingR")), answers to selected problems (answers()), a few demonstrations (demo()), the errata (errata()), and sample code from the text. The topics of this text line up closely with traditional teaching progression; however, the book also highlights computer-intensive approaches to motivate the more traditional approach. The authors emphasize realistic data and examples and rely on visualization techniques to gather insight. They introduce statistics and R seamlessly, giving students the tools they need to use R and the information they need to navigate the sometimes complex world of statistical computing.