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Standing Before The Shouting Mob
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Book Synopsis Standing Before the Shouting Mob by : Alexander Leidholdt
Download or read book Standing Before the Shouting Mob written by Alexander Leidholdt and published by University Alabama Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1958 the nation's attention was focused on Norfolk, Virginia, where nearly ten thousand students were locked out of their schools. Rather than comply with the desegregation mandate of Brown v. Board of Education, Governor J. Lindsay Almond, supported by the powerful political machine of Senator Harry F. Byrd, Sr., had closed Norfolk's white secondary schools. Massive resistance to integration transformed Norfolk into a civil rights arena. Although the process by which Norfolk's schools were integrated was far from orderly, the transition was characterized by debate, political maneuvering, and judicial action - not violence. Lenoir Chambers, editor of the Norfolk Virginian-Pilot, conducted an editorial campaign supporting the peaceful implementation of the Court's order. Utilizing a wide range of primary and secondary sources, Standing before the Shouting Mob examines Chambers's campaign, explores the influences that shaped his racial views, and places him within the context of southern journalism. The book also provides a detailed analysis of Virginia's massive resistance and Norfolk's school closing.
Book Synopsis Elusive Equality by : Jeffrey L. Littlejohn
Download or read book Elusive Equality written by Jeffrey L. Littlejohn and published by University of Virginia Press. This book was released on 2012-08-20 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Elusive Equality, Jeffrey L. Littlejohn and Charles H. Ford place Norfolk, Virginia, at the center of the South's school desegregation debates, tracing the crucial role that Norfolk’s African Americans played in efforts to equalize and integrate the city’s schools. The authors relate how local activists participated in the historic teacher-pay-parity cases of the 1930s and 1940s, how they fought against the school closures and "Massive Resistance" of the 1950s, and how they challenged continuing patterns of discrimination by insisting on crosstown busing in the 1970s and 1980s. Despite the advances made by local activists, however, Littlejohn and Ford argue that the vaunted "urban advantage" supposedly now enjoyed by Norfolk’s public schools is not easy to reconcile with the city’s continuing gaps and disparities in relation to race and class. In analyzing the history of struggles over school integration in Norfolk, the authors scrutinize the stories told by participants, including premature declarations of victory that laud particular achievements while ignoring the larger context in which they take place. Their research confirms that Norfolk was a harbinger of national trends in educational policy and civil rights. Drawing on recently released archival materials, oral interviews, and the rich newspaper coverage in the Journal and Guide, Virginian-Pilot, and Ledger-Dispatch, Littlejohn and Ford present a comprehensive, multidimensional, and unsentimental analysis of the century-long effort to gain educational equality. A historical study with contemporary implications, their book offers a balanced view based on a thorough, sober look at where Norfolk’s school district has been and where it is going.
Book Synopsis Race, Reason, and Massive Resistance by : David John Mays
Download or read book Race, Reason, and Massive Resistance written by David John Mays and published by University of Georgia Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These private writings by a prominent white southern lawyer offer insight into his state’s embrace of massive white resistance following the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education ruling. David J. Mays of Richmond, Virginia, was a highly regarded attorney, a Pulitzer Prize-winning biographer, and a member of his city’s political and social elite. He was also a diarist for most of his adult life. This volume comprises diary excerpts from the years 1954 to 1959. For much of this time Mays was counsel to the commission, chaired by state senator Garland Gray, that was charged with formulating Virginia’s response to federal mandates concerning the integration of public schools. Later, Mays was involved in litigation triggered by that response. Mays chronicled the state’s bitter and divisive shift away from the Gray Commission’s proposal that school integration questions be settled at the local level. Instead, Virginia’s arch-segregationists, led by U.S. senator Harry F. Byrd, championed a monolithic defiance of integration at the highest state and federal levels. Many leading Virginians of the time appear in Mays’s diary, along with details of their roles in the battle against desegregation as it was fought in the media, courts, polls, and government back rooms. Mays’s own racial attitudes were hardly progressive; yet his temperament and legal training put a relatively moderate public face on them. As James R. Sweeney notes, Mays’s differences with extremists were about means more than ends--about “not the morality of Jim Crow but the best tactics for defending it.”
Book Synopsis Battling Nell by : Alexander Leidholdt
Download or read book Battling Nell written by Alexander Leidholdt and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 2009-11 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A longtime columnist for the Raleigh News and Observer, Cornelia Battle Lewis earned a national reputation in the 1920s and 1930s for her courageous advocacy on behalf of women's rights, African Americans, children, and labor unions. Late in her life, however, after fighting mental illness, Lewis reversed many of her stances and railed against the liberalism she had spent her life advancing. In Battling Nell, Alexander S. Leidholdt tells the compelling and ultimately tragic life story of this groundbreaking journalist against the backdrop of the turbulent post-Reconstruction Jim Crow South and speculates about the cause of her extraordinary transformation. The daughter of North Carolina's most prominent public health official, Lewis grew up in Raleigh, but her experiences at Smith College in Massachusetts, and later in France during World War I, led her to question the prevailing racial attitudes and gender roles of her native region. In 1920, Lewis began her storied career with the News and Observer. Inspired by H. L. Mencken's scathing criticism of the South, she soon established herself as the region's leading female liberal journalist. Her column, "Incidentally," attacked the Ku Klux Klan, lobbied against the exploitation of mill workers, defended strikers during the notorious communist-organized Gastonia labor violence, mocked religious fundamentalists who fought the teaching of evolution, and decried lynch law. A suffragist and a feminist who saw women's rights as inextricably linked to human rights, Lewis ran for state legislature in 1928 and was one of the first women in North Carolina to be admitted to the bar. In the 1930s, however, Lewis faced repeated institutionalizations for a debilitating bout of mental illness and sought treatment from Christian Science practitioners, spiritualists, and psychotherapists. As she aged, her views grew increasingly reactionary, and she insisted that she had served as a communist dupe during the Gastonia strike and trials, that communists had infiltrated the University of North Carolina, and that many of her former progressive allies had ties to communism. Finally, many of her opinions completely reversed, and in the wake of the 1954 Brown v. Board decision, she served as an influential spokesperson for the South's massive resistance to public school desegregation. She continued to espouse these conservative beliefs until her death in 1956. In his detailed retelling of Lewis's fascinating life, Leidholdt chronicles the turbulent history of North Carolina from the 1920s through the 1950s, as industrialization and racial integration began to tear at the region's conservative fabric. He vividly explains the background and ramifications of Lewis's many controversial stances and explores the possible reasons for her ideological about-face. Through the extraordinary story of "Battling Nell," Leidholdt reveals how the complex issues of gender, labor, and race intertwined to influence the convulsive events that shaped the course of early twentieth-century southern history.
Book Synopsis Keep On Keeping On by : Brian J. Daugherity
Download or read book Keep On Keeping On written by Brian J. Daugherity and published by University of Virginia Press. This book was released on 2016-08-03 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Virginia was a battleground state in the struggle to implement Brown v. Board of Education, with one of the South’s largest and strongest NAACP units fighting against a program of noncompliance crafted by the state’s political leaders. Keep On Keeping On offers a detailed examination of how African Americans and the NAACP in Virginia successfully pursued a legal agenda that provided new educational opportunities for the state’s black population in the face of fierce opposition from segregationists and the Democratic Party of Harry F. Byrd Sr. Keep On Keeping On is the first book to offer a comprehensive view of African Americans’ efforts to obtain racial equality in Virginia in the later twentieth century. Brian J. Daugherity considers the relationship between the various levels of the NAACP, the ideas and actions of other African American organizations, and the stances of Virginia’s political leaders, white liberals and moderates, and segregationists. In doing so, the author provides a better understanding of the connections between the actions of white political leaders and those of black civil rights activists working to bring about school desegregation. Blending social, legal, southern, and African American history, this book sheds new light on the civil rights movement and white resistance to civil rights in Virginia and the South.
Book Synopsis Hampton Roads by : Cassandra Newby-Alexander
Download or read book Hampton Roads written by Cassandra Newby-Alexander and published by Arcadia Publishing. This book was released on 2009-02-01 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With this striking collection of historical images, experience a front-row view of the origination of the public school system within Hampton Roads and the epic struggle for racial equality. From the seventeenth century until the present, this area of the Old Dominion has been at the forefront of challenges, including Reconstruction, Jim Crow law, racial disharmony and public resistance to tax-based public schools. The fiftieth anniversary of the reopening of Norfolk's desegregated schools marks an especially appropriate occasion on which to look back at the evolution of public education in the Hampton Roads region.
Book Synopsis Brown V. Board of Education by : Dara N. Byrne
Download or read book Brown V. Board of Education written by Dara N. Byrne and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An anthology of scholarly research examining the impact of the landmark Brown v. Board of Education decision.
Book Synopsis The Virginia State Constitution by : John J. Dinan
Download or read book The Virginia State Constitution written by John J. Dinan and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-03-11 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In contrast with the U.S. Constitution, which has been amended only 27 times since it was drafted in 1787, the Virginia Constitution has been the subject of many revisions since its adoption by the Convention of 1776. Significant changes have been brought about at the recommendation of revision commissions. On a number of those occasions, Virginia constitution makers have engaged in significant debates about fundamental questions. In fact, few states have had more opportunities to engage in constitutional revision and to debate fundamental principles. In The Virginia State Constitution, John Dinan analyzes the history and development of the Virginia constitution and undertakes a detailed treatment of the evolving interpretation of each section. In it, he contends that few states have had more opportunities than Virginia to engage in constitutional revision, and, in the process, to debate fundamental political questions about the role of state government. Previously published by Greenwood, this title has been brought back in to circulation by Oxford University Press with new verve. Re-printed with standardization of content organization in order to facilitate research across the series, this title, as with all titles in the series, is set to join the dynamic revision cycle of The Oxford Commentaries on the State Constitutions of the United States. The Oxford Commentaries on the State Constitutions of the United States is an important series that reflects a renewed international interest in constitutional history and provides expert insight into each of the 50 state constitutions. Each volume in this innovative series contains a historical overview of the states constitutional development, a section-by-section analysis of its current constitution, and a comprehensive guide to further research. Under the expert editorship of Professor G. Alan Tarr, Director of the Center on State Constitutional Studies at Rutgers University, this series provides essential reference tools for understanding state constitutional law. Books in the series can be purchased individually or as part of a complete set, giving readers unmatched access to these important political documents.
Download or read book The Race Beat written by Gene Roberts and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2008-06-17 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An unprecedented examination of how news stories, editorials and photographs in the American press—and the journalists responsible for them—profoundly changed the nation’s thinking about civil rights in the South during the 1950s and ‘60s. Roberts and Klibanoff draw on private correspondence, notes from secret meetings, unpublished articles, and interviews to show how a dedicated cadre of newsmen—black and white—revealed to a nation its most shameful shortcomings that compelled its citizens to act. Meticulously researched and vividly rendered, The Race Beat is an extraordinary account of one of the most calamitous periods in our nation’s history, as told by those who covered it.
Book Synopsis Civil Rights Music by : Reiland Rabaka
Download or read book Civil Rights Music written by Reiland Rabaka and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2016-05-03 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While there have been a number of studies that have explored African American “movement culture” and African American “movement politics,” rarely has the mixture of black music and black politics or, rather, black music an as expression of black movement politics, been explored across several genres of African American “movement music,” and certainly not with a central focus on the major soundtracks of the Civil Rights Movement: gospel, freedom songs, rhythm & blues, and rock & roll. Here the mixture of music and politics emerging out of the Civil Rights Movement is critically examined as an incredibly important site and source of spiritual rejuvenation, social organization, political education, and cultural transformation, not simply for the non-violent civil rights soldiers of the 1950s and 1960s, but for organic intellectual-artist-activists deeply committed to continuing the core ideals and ethos of the Civil Rights Movement in the twenty-first century. Civil Rights Music: The Soundtracks of the Civil Rights Movement is primarily preoccupied with that liminal, in-between, and often inexplicable place where black popular music and black popular movements meet and merge. Black popular movements are more than merely social and political affairs. Beyond social organization and political activism, black popular movements provide much-needed spaces for cultural development and artistic experimentation, including the mixing of musical and other aesthetic traditions. “Movement music” experimentation has historically led to musical innovation, and musical innovation in turn has led to new music that has myriad meanings and messages—some social, some political, some cultural, some spiritual and, indeed, some sexual. Just as black popular movements have a multiplicity of meanings, this book argues that the music that emerges out of black popular movements has a multiplicity of meanings as well.
Download or read book Postwar America written by James Ciment and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-03-26 with total page 3552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the outbreak of the Cold War to the rise of the United States as the last remaining superpower, the years following World War II were filled with momentous events and rapid change. Diplomatically, economically, politically, and culturally, the United States became a major influence around the globe. On the domestic front, this period witnessed some of the most turbulent and prosperous years in American history. "Postwar America: An Encyclopedia of Social, Political, Cultural, and Economic History" provides detailed coverage of all the remarkable developments within the United States during this period, as well as their dramatic impact on the rest of the world. A-Z entries address specific persons, groups, concepts, events, geographical locations, organizations, and cultural and technological phenomena. Sidebars highlight primary source materials, items of special interest, statistical data, and other information; and Cultural Landmark entries chronologically detail the music, literature, arts, and cultural history of the era. Bibliographies covering literature from the postwar era and about the era are also included, as are illustrations and specialized indexes.
Download or read book American Journalism written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Michigan Christian Advocate written by and published by . This book was released on 1925 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Book of Life: Volume Six Life of the Master by :
Download or read book The Book of Life: Volume Six Life of the Master written by and published by . This book was released on 1927 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Life of the Master by : Newton Marshall Hall
Download or read book Life of the Master written by Newton Marshall Hall and published by . This book was released on 1923 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Book of Life by : Newton Marshall Hall
Download or read book The Book of Life written by Newton Marshall Hall and published by . This book was released on 1925 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evidence Taken Before the Disorders Inquiry Committee by : India. Disorders Inquiry Committee
Download or read book Evidence Taken Before the Disorders Inquiry Committee written by India. Disorders Inquiry Committee and published by . This book was released on 1920 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
