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Stable Water Isotope Fractionation Processes In Weather Systems And Their Influence On Isotopic Variability On Different Time Scales
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Book Synopsis Stable Water Isotope Fractionation Processes in Weather Systems and Their Influence on Isotopic Variability on Different Time Scales by : Marina Lara Dütsch
Download or read book Stable Water Isotope Fractionation Processes in Weather Systems and Their Influence on Isotopic Variability on Different Time Scales written by Marina Lara Dütsch and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stable Isotopes as Indicators of Ecological Change by :
Download or read book Stable Isotopes as Indicators of Ecological Change written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-09-21 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 20th century has experienced environmental changes that appear to be unprecedented in their rate and magnitude during the Earth's history. For the first time, Stable Isotopes as Indicators of Ecological Change brings together a wide range of perspectives and data that speak directly to the issues of ecological change using stable isotope tracers. The information presented originates from a range of biological and geochemical sources and from research fields within biological, climatological and physical disciplines covering time-scales from days to centuries. Unlike any other reference, editors discuss where isotope data can detect, record, trace and help to interpret environmental change. - Provides researchers with groundbreaking data on how to predict the terrestrial ecosystems response to the ongoing rapid alterations - Reveals how ecosystems have responded to environmental and biotic fluctuations in the past - Includes examples from research by a wide range of biological and physical scientists who are using isotopic records to both detect and interpret environmental change
Download or read book Isotope Hydrology written by Joel Gat and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within the realm of the newly evolving discipline of environmental sciences, the stable-isotope methodology is being used to an ever-increasing extent, especially in the study of the water cycle and of paleo-climatology. This book introduces the rules of the game, by reviewing the natural variability of stable isotopes in the hydrosphere, describing the physico-chemical basis of isotope fractionation, and applying this knowledge to natural waters as they move through the hydrologic cycle from the ocean to the atmosphere, the biosphere and the lithosphere. There is a special focus on the processes at the surface?atmosphere and land?biosphere?atmosphere interfaces, since these are the sites of major changes in isotope composition. In response to the increasing awareness of our changing climate, a discussion on the global view of the changing water cycle, in the past and future, winds up the presentation.
Book Synopsis Stable Isotope Studies of the Water Cycle and Terrestrial Environments by : A-V. Bojar
Download or read book Stable Isotope Studies of the Water Cycle and Terrestrial Environments written by A-V. Bojar and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2021-11-09 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is devoted to Earth surface environmental reconstructions and environmental changes that may be deciphered and modelled using stable isotopes along with mineralogical/chemical, sedimentological, palaeontological/biological and climatological methodologies. The book is divided into two sections, both using stable isotopes (see www.geolsoc.org.uk/SP507) in various samples and phases as the main research tool. The first section is devoted to studies focusing on the distribution of isotopes in precipitation, groundwater, lakes, rivers, springs, tap water, mine water and their relationship with terrestrial environments at regional to continental scale. In relation to this, the second section includes case studies from a range of continental settings, investigating cave deposits (stalagmites, bat guano), animal skeletons (dinosaurs, alligators, turtles, bivalves), present and past soils (palaeosols) and limestones. The sections focus on the interaction between the surficial water cycle and underground water storage with deposits acting as archives of short- to long-term climatic and environmental changes. Examples from the Early Cretaceous to present time come from Europe, Asia, Africa, North and South America.
Author :Pradeep K. Aggarwal Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :9781402066719 Total Pages :404 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (667 download)
Book Synopsis Isotopes in the Water Cycle by : Pradeep K. Aggarwal
Download or read book Isotopes in the Water Cycle written by Pradeep K. Aggarwal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-31 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental isotope and nuclear techniques provide unmatched insights into the processes governing the water cycle and its variability. This monograph presents state of the art applications and new developments of isotopes in hydrology, environmental disciplines and climate change studies. Coverage ranges from the assessment of groundwater resources in terms of recharge and flow regime to studies of the past and present global environmental and climate changes.
Book Synopsis Regional Atmospheric Modelling of the Stable Water Istope Cycle by : Kristof Sturm
Download or read book Regional Atmospheric Modelling of the Stable Water Istope Cycle written by Kristof Sturm and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change has recently become a major concerning among scientists and the general public. A better knowledge of past climates helps forecasting the future evolution of climate. Stable water isotopes stand as an outstanding paleo-climate proxy. Physical properties of heavy stable water isotopes (H182 O; HDO) cause fractionation processes related to temperature and degree of distillation. If the isotopic signal is correctly inverted, past climate change can be inferred from isotopic archives. Andean ice-cores offer a unique records of tropical climate and its variability through time. However, the interpretation of the isotopic signal is difficult because of complex atmospheric dynamic over South America. For this purpose, we developed a module handling the stable water isotope fractionation processes within the regional circulation model REMO and applied it to South America. The manuscript outlines the major milestones of the present PhD. We first introduce the research topic in the wider scope of climate change; the description of the stable water isotope enabled regional circulation model REMOiso; an initial validation of REMOiso over Europe; an investigation of the seasonal variations of precipitation, atmospheric circulation and isotopic signal over South America; and at last the recording of the south American monsoon system (SAMS) by stable water isotope diagnostics.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Isotope Hydrology by : Willem Gerrit Mook
Download or read book Introduction to Isotope Hydrology written by Willem Gerrit Mook and published by Taylor & Francis Group. This book was released on 2006 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication presents, in a simple, but scientifically rigorous manner, the consequences of natural processes to stable isotope concentrations and radioactivities, and discusses the implications of these processes.
Download or read book Stable Isotopes written by H. Griffiths and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2020-08-18 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this authoritative review, leading international researchers explore the growing range of applications of stable isotope techniques for probing and integrating biological processes and palaeoclimatic cycles. The interdisciplinary approach covers a wide range of issues, opportunities and developments, setting interactions with plants in the context of water and nutrient cycles, exchanges with the atmosphere and modelling past and present climate change. This important book will appeal to those requiring an overview of the use of stable isotopes in aquatic, terrestrial and climatic processes and is in tune with current global concerns. In addition postgraduates and research scientists will find an extensive guide to more specialist disciplines, including developing mass spectrometer technologies, compound-specific and cellular-discrimination processes or whole organism and ecosystem responses.
Book Synopsis Light Stable Isotope Systematics of Large-scale Hydrologic Regimes in California and Nevada by : Neil Layton Ingraham
Download or read book Light Stable Isotope Systematics of Large-scale Hydrologic Regimes in California and Nevada written by Neil Layton Ingraham and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The systematics of isotopic fractionation provide a basis to explain the geographic variations in the light stable isotopic compositions of meteoric water along its atmospheric low path, and promote an understanding of the regional hydrology as well as the large scale fluxes of meteoric water. Interpretations in this study were based on the stable isotopic compositions of surface and shallow ground waters, as well as precipitation and free water from conifers. Samples were collected along four east-west traverses, beginning at the coast, and oriented parallel to the atmospheric flow path of the meteoric water. Analysis of water distilled from conifers indicates that tree roots do not isotopically fractionate water. An implication of these results is that transpiration returns water to the atmosphere similar in isotopic composition to local ground water. Partially closed systems imply terrestrial recycling of water. Two models were developed to assess the amount of terrestrial recycling of meteoric water across northern and central California. The amount of recycling was estimated to be between 5 and 40%, indicated that some water is recycled and demonstrate that evapotranspiration cannot be considered a strictly consumptive use of water. The isotopic composition of meteoric water is shown to be directly related to the closure of the hydrologic system(s) upwind. A small change in the degree of closure of the hydrologic system may produce substantial changes in the isotopic composition of meteoric water. The isotopic composition of meteoric water thus reflects the interplay of several processes, which must be considered in addition to the average temperature in climate analysis.--Adapted from abstract.
Download or read book Isoscapes written by Jason B. West and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-25 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stable isotope ratio variation in natural systems reflects the dynamics of Earth systems processes and imparts isotope labels to Earth materials. Carbon isotope ratios of atmospheric CO2 record exchange of carbon between the biosphere and the atmosphere; the incredible journeys of migrating monarchs is documented by hydrogen isotopes in their wings; and water carries an isotopic record of its source and history as it traverses the atmosphere and land surface. Through these and many other examples, improved understanding of spatio-temporal isotopic variation in Earth systems is leading to innovative new approaches to scientific problem-solving. This volume provides a comprehensive overview of the theory, methods, and applications that are enabling new disciplinary and cross-disciplinary advances through the study of "isoscapes": isotopic landscapes. "This impressive new volume shows scientists deciphering and using the natural isotope landscapes that subtly adorn our spaceship Earth.", Brian Fry, Coastal Ecology Institute, Louisiana State University, USA "An excellent timely must read and must-have reference book for anybody interested or engaged in applying stable isotope signatures to questions in e.g. Anthropology, Biogeochemistry, Ecology, or Forensic Science regarding chronological and spatial movement, changes, or distribution relating to animals, humans, plants, or water.", Wolfram Meier-Augenstein, Centre for Anatomy & Human Identification, University of Dundee, UK "Natural resources are being affected by global change, but exactly where, how, and at what pace? Isoscapes provide new and remarkably precise answers.", John Hayes, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, USA "This exciting volume is shaping a new landscape in environmental sciences that is utilizing the remarkable advances in isotope research to enhance and extend the capabilities of the field.", Dan Yakir, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Science by : John M. Wallace
Download or read book Atmospheric Science written by John M. Wallace and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-03-24 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric Science, Second Edition, is the long-awaited update of the classic atmospheric science text, which helped define the field nearly 30 years ago and has served as the cornerstone for most university curricula. Now students and professionals alike can use this updated classic to understand atmospheric phenomena in the context of the latest discoveries, and prepare themselves for more advanced study and real-life problem solving. This latest edition of Atmospheric Science, has been revamped in terms of content and appearance. It contains new chapters on atmospheric chemistry, the Earth system, the atmospheric boundary layer, and climate, as well as enhanced treatment of atmospheric dynamics, radiative transfer, severe storms, and global warming. The authors illustrate concepts with full-color, state-of-the-art imagery and cover a vast amount of new information in the field. Extensive numerical and qualitative exercises help students apply basic physical principles to atmospheric problems. There are also biographical footnotes summarizing the work of key scientists, along with a student companion website that hosts climate data; answers to quantitative exercises; full solutions to selected exercises; skew-T log p chart; related links, appendices; and more. The instructor website features: instructor's guide; solutions to quantitative exercises; electronic figures from the book; plus supplementary images for use in classroom presentations. Meteorology students at both advanced undergraduate and graduate levels will find this book extremely useful. - Full-color satellite imagery and cloud photographs illustrate principles throughout - Extensive numerical and qualitative exercises emphasize the application of basic physical principles to problems in the atmospheric sciences - Biographical footnotes summarize the lives and work of scientists mentioned in the text, and provide students with a sense of the long history of meteorology - Companion website encourages more advanced exploration of text topics: supplementary information, images, and bonus exercises
Book Synopsis Use of Water Stable Isotopes in Hydrological Process by : Polona Vreča
Download or read book Use of Water Stable Isotopes in Hydrological Process written by Polona Vreča and published by . This book was released on 2020-10-12 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stable and radioactive isotopes in water are powerful tools in the tracking of the path of water molecules through the whole water cycle. In the last decade, a considerable number of studies have been published on the use of water isotopes, and their number is ever-growing. The main reason is the development of new measurement techniques (i.e., laser absorption spectroscopy) that allow measurements of stable isotope ratios at ever-higher resolutions. Therefore, this compilation of papers has been published to address the current state-of-the-art water isotope methods, applications, and interpretations of hydrological processes, and to contribute to the rapidly growing repository of isotope data, which is important for future water resource management. We are pleased to present here a book with new findings in thirteen original research papers and one review paper issued in the Water MDPI Special Issue (SI) "Use of Water Isotopes in Hydrological Processes". The authors report the use of water isotopes in hydrological processes worldwide, including studies at both local and regional scales related to either precipitation dynamics or to different applications of water isotopes in combination with other hydrochemical parameters in investigations of surface water, snowmelt, soil water, groundwater and xylem water to identify the hydrological and geochemical processes.
Book Synopsis Spatial and Temporal Mapping of Distributed Precipitation, Surface and Groundwater Stable Isotopes Enables Insights Into Hydrologic Processes Operating at a Catchment Scale by : Alison Cole
Download or read book Spatial and Temporal Mapping of Distributed Precipitation, Surface and Groundwater Stable Isotopes Enables Insights Into Hydrologic Processes Operating at a Catchment Scale written by Alison Cole and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Isotopic analyses of d18O and d2H of water through the hydrologic cycle have allowed hydrologists to make better interpretations related to climate and relationships between precipitation, surface water, and groundwater. In this study 394 precipitation samples 1917 surface water samples and 1405 groundwater samples across Massachusetts was used to create an isoscape for each respective water. All samples have been collected by volunteers throughout Massachusetts. A state meteoric water line: d2H = 7.7*d18O + 9.8, surface water line: d2H = 5.7*d18O - 4.2, and groundwater line: d2H = 6.5*d18O + 2.9 was created for the state of Massachusetts. The d18O isoscape for each of the above-mentioned waters shows an isotopic separation along an east-west topographic gradient where isotopes were enriched in the eastern portion of Massachusetts and depleted in the western portion of Massachusetts. Precipitation, surface water, and groundwater show unique isotopic variability. The isotopic variability of precipitation is primarily due to seasonality, moisture source and differences in topography across Massachusetts. The d18O and d2H isotopic variability of surface water is due to a biasing of precipitation as well an enrichment due to an open water system as the surface water dataset correlates with surface water type and precipitation isotopic values. The d18O and d2H isotopic variability of groundwater is due to the dampening of surface water and precipitation because of hydrogeologic processes and the biasing of surface waters that have gone through open water isotopic variability.
Book Synopsis Tracking Animal Migration with Stable Isotopes by :
Download or read book Tracking Animal Migration with Stable Isotopes written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2008-04-09 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tracking Animal Migration with Stable Isotopes provides a consolidated overview of the current knowledge of stable isotopes in terrestrial migration research questions. It offers ecologists and conservation biologists provide a practical handbook for those considering using stable isotopes in their migration research. - Presents information for readers to understand how to apply isotopic methods for tracking - Critical information on areas for future research - Practical guidelines and discussions of sample collection, sample preparation, and data analysis - Enhanced understanding of data and statistical analysis in isotope-based studies of migratory animals
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Control on Isotopic Composition and D-excess in Water Vapor Over Ocean Surface by : Naixin Fan
Download or read book Atmospheric Control on Isotopic Composition and D-excess in Water Vapor Over Ocean Surface written by Naixin Fan and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For decades, stable isotopes of water have been used as proxies to infer the variation of the hydrological cycle. However, it is still not clear how various atmospheric processes quantitatively control kinetic fractionation during evaporation over the ocean. Understanding kinetic fractionation is important in that the interpretation of the isotopic composition record preserved in ice cores and precipitation relies in part on the isotopic information at the moisture source. In addition, the isotopic composition of vapor contains information about variation of atmospheric processes such as turbulence and change in moisture source region which is useful for studying meteorological processes and climate change. In this study the isotopic composition of water vapor in the marine boundary layer (MBL) over the ocean was investigated using a combination of a newly developed marine boundary layer (MBL) model and observational data. The new model has a more realistic MBL structure than previous models and includes new features such as vertical advection of air and diffusion coefficients that vary continuously in the vertical direction. A robust linear relationship between [delta]D and [delta]18O was found in observational oceanic water vapor data and the model can well capture the characteristics of this relationship. The individual role of atmospheric processes or variables on [delta]D, [delta]18O and d-excess was quantitatively investigated and an overview of the combined effect of all the meteorological processes is provided. In particular, we emphasize that the properties of subsiding air (such as its mixing ratio and isotopic values) are crucial to the isotopic composition of surface water vapor. Relative humidity has been used to represent the moisture deficit that drives evaporative isotopic fluxes, however, we argue that it has serious limitations in explaining d-excess variation as latitude varies. We introduce a new quantity G[subset d]=SST-T[subset d], the difference between the sea surface temperature (SST) and dew point (T[subscript d]) at the measurement height (20m). G[subscript d] represents the dew point temperature gradient between sea surface and 20m; it better explains the variation of d-excess than relative humidity. Finally, we study the difference of isotopic composition and d-excess of water vapor between Arctic and subtropical regions. The results highlight the relationship between climate and isotopic ratios of moisture sources at different regions. Model results show that [delta]D of Arctic oceanic surface water vapor is much more sensitive to variability in mixing ratio of subsiding air than that of subtropics. The Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) six years (2004-2009) observational data shows a significant decreasing trend of [delta]D immediately above the MBL. The observed decrease of [delta]8 may be a result of the concurrent moisture gain of the Arctic upper troposphere.
Book Synopsis Corals and Coral Reefs of the Galápagos Islands by : Peter W. Glynn
Download or read book Corals and Coral Reefs of the Galápagos Islands written by Peter W. Glynn and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1983-01-01 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 00 This scientifically thorough,lucidly written work explores the nature, development, and extent of the archipelago's reef-building corals. Also included is an annotated list of the Scleractianian Corals by John W. Wells This scientifically thorough,lucidly written work explores the nature, development, and extent of the archipelago's reef-building corals. Also included is an annotated list of the Scleractianian Corals by John W. Wells
Book Synopsis Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology by : C. Kendall
Download or read book Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology written by C. Kendall and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 870 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book represents a new "earth systems" approach to catchments that encompasses the physical and biogeochemical interactions that control the hydrology and biogeochemistry of the system. The text provides a comprehensive treatment of the fundamentals of catchment hydrology, principles of isotope geochemistry, and the isotope variability in the hydrologic cycle -- but the main focus of the book is on case studies in isotope hydrology and isotope geochemistry that explore the applications of isotope techniques for investigating modern environmental problems. Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology is the first synthesis of physical hydrology and isotope geochemistry with catchment focus, and is a valuable reference for professionals and students alike in the fields of hydrology, hydrochemistry, and environmental science. This important interdisciplinary text provides extensive guidelines for the application of isotope techniques for all investigatores facing the challenge of protecting precious water, soil, and ecological resources from the ever-increasing problems associated with population growth and environmental change, including those from urban development and agricultural land uses.
