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Stable Isotopic And Stratigraphic Proxy Records Of Local Regional And Global Climate
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Book Synopsis Stable Isotopic and Stratigraphic Proxy Records of Local, Regional, and Global Climate by : Carl Norman Drummond
Download or read book Stable Isotopic and Stratigraphic Proxy Records of Local, Regional, and Global Climate written by Carl Norman Drummond and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Understanding Earth's Deep Past by : National Research Council
Download or read book Understanding Earth's Deep Past written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-08-02 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is little dispute within the scientific community that humans are changing Earth's climate on a decadal to century time-scale. By the end of this century, without a reduction in emissions, atmospheric CO2 is projected to increase to levels that Earth has not experienced for more than 30 million years. As greenhouse gas emissions propel Earth toward a warmer climate state, an improved understanding of climate dynamics in warm environments is needed to inform public policy decisions. In Understanding Earth's Deep Past, the National Research Council reports that rocks and sediments that are millions of years old hold clues to how the Earth's future climate would respond in an environment with high levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases. Understanding Earth's Deep Past provides an assessment of both the demonstrated and underdeveloped potential of the deep-time geologic record to inform us about the dynamics of the global climate system. The report describes past climate changes, and discusses potential impacts of high levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases on regional climates, water resources, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and the cycling of life-sustaining elements. While revealing gaps in scientific knowledge of past climate states, the report highlights a range of high priority research issues with potential for major advances in the scientific understanding of climate processes. This proposed integrated, deep-time climate research program would study how climate responded over Earth's different climate states, examine how climate responds to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, and clarify the processes that lead to anomalously warm polar and tropical regions and the impact on marine and terrestrial life. In addition to outlining a research agenda, Understanding Earth's Deep Past proposes an implementation strategy that will be an invaluable resource to decision-makers in the field, as well as the research community, advocacy organizations, government agencies, and college professors and students.
Book Synopsis Climate Change in Continental Isotopic Records by : Peter K. Swart
Download or read book Climate Change in Continental Isotopic Records written by Peter K. Swart and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 1993-01-11 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 78. This volume is designed to provide paleoclimatologists with information on past climate from sources other than the deep sea. For climate modelers aware of the fact that current global climate models do not always accurately predict the temperatures of continental interiors, the analyses presented here may offer much needed constraints on their models. Because analysis of the oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of benthic and planktonic foraminifera has provided the basis for most of the work done on climatic variation, our interpretation has been biased by records from the marine environment and does not provide an adequate indication of the temperature of continental interiors. Our eventual aim is to stimulate geologists, geochemists, and others to collect data on continental isotopic indicators of climate (CIICs) throughout the world, perhaps concentrating on certain geological intervals. In fact, a global continental climate program, styled after an earlier program which studied climate in the marine realm (CLIMAP), has been proposed. With such data it may eventually be possible to construct paleo maps of surface temperature and/or the oxygen isotopic composition of precipitation during specific time periods. One suitable time period, for example, would be the Cretaceous. In this case further information may be gleaned on controversies such as whether the polar regions were in fact warm at this time or whether temperature gradients similar to today's were present.
Book Synopsis Natural Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales by : National Research Council
Download or read book Natural Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-08-30 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reflects the current state of scientific knowledge about natural climate variability on decade-to-century time scales. It covers a wide range of relevant subjects, including the characteristics of the atmosphere and ocean environments as well as the methods used to describe and analyze them, such as proxy data and numerical models. They clearly demonstrate the range, persistence, and magnitude of climate variability as represented by many different indicators. Not only do natural climate variations have important socioeconomic effects, but they must be better understood before possible anthropogenic effects (from greenhouse gas emissions, for instance) can be evaluated. A topical essay introduces each of the disciplines represented, providing the nonscientist with a perspective on the field and linking the papers to the larger issues in climate research. In its conclusions section, the book evaluates progress in the different areas and makes recommendations for the direction and conduct of future climate research. This book, while consisting of technical papers, is also accessible to the interested layperson.
Book Synopsis The Evolution of the Northeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau by : Brian G. Hough
Download or read book The Evolution of the Northeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau written by Brian G. Hough and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Tracking climate change through the use of paleoclimate proxies has the potential to reveal the spatial and temporal evolution of orogens and their associated plateaux. The development of topography associated with the Cenozoic evolution of the Tibetan plateau is coupled to climate, and feedbacks between climate and tectonics occur at all scales. Because climate changes resulting from topographic growth should scale with the amount, extent, and timing of surface uplift, this dissertation documents temporal and spatial changes in paleoclimate of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau since ~30 Ma, in order to delineate when the modern climate pattern was achieved and, by inference, when the Tibetan plateau reached its current dimensions. Sedimentation in basins adjacent to the plateau margin likely began in a foreland basin setting that was later segmented by the growth of basin-bounding structures presumably during upward and outward growth of the plateau. This study focuses on a number of sub-basins in northeast Tibet, including Guide, Jian Zha, Xunhua, Tong Ren, Hualong, and Linxia, that span up to 30 myr in age and range up to 3 km thick. New lithologic, magnetostratigraphic, and stable isotope records from these basins suggest that topography began to develop in the Eocene and continued through the late Miocene before jumping ~100 km outward at ~8 Ma to the Liupan Shan and Haiyuan faults. Perturbations to local climate patterns resulted from the evolution of local topography and basin segmentation. These patterns are tracked through comparison of stable isotope compositions of calcareous basin fill materials. Similarity of isotopic compositions is interpreted to reflect the presence of integrated basins whereas distinct isotopic compositions reflect unique basin hydrologies. Within the study area, changes in isotope trends are observed throughout each record indicating the influence of local climate conditions on isotopic values. Synchronous isotope changes in multiple records are observed at 18.5, 16.3, and 9.4 Ma possibly corresponding with changes in regional scale climate. A time-transgressive trend of Miocene aridification in the lee of growing topography along the plateau's northeast margin is roughly coeval with and spatially consistent with the blocking of vapor transport by west-to-east growth of eastern Tibet. Modern rainfall data collected from 2007-2009 across the Tibetan plateau's northeastern margin show seasonal trends related to changes in air temperature and elevation, but not precipitation amount or relative humidity. To assess the spatial variability and thus the degree to which any one monitoring station is representative of a large geographic region, climate variables and rainwater isotope data from seven collection stations located across the study area were compared to each other and to the Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP) station data from Lanzhou. Annual mean and long-term mean isotope compositions of rainfall match each other and those from the GNIP station in Lanzhou suggesting that the long-term values for any one station are representative over relatively large regions. Trends in [delta]8O and d-excess indicate that source regions for summertime precipitation in northeast Tibet are consistent with increased soil moistening and local recycling of water vapor. When carbonates derived from modern rainfall are compared to time integrated paleo-carbonate samples, no significant change in regional climate are evident since at least 3-4 Ma. The results of this thesis demonstrate that changes in local climate are related to the onset of local deformation and that deformation and associated basin segmentation in NE Tibet initiated prior to uplift of eastern Tibet. However, the timing of regional-scale climate change, highlighted by a west-to-east pattern of aridification in northern and northeastern Tibet, is consistent with the systematic displacement of vapor pathways around a progressively eastward uplifting eastern Tibetan plateau. Once established, the upwind climate regime, and by inference the topographic framework of northeast Tibet, has remained stable since ~8 Ma."--Leaves v-vii.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments by : Vivien Gornitz
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments written by Vivien Gornitz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-31 with total page 1062 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of Springer’s Major Reference Works, this book gives the reader a truly global perspective. It is the first major reference work in its field. Paleoclimate topics covered in the encyclopedia give the reader the capability to place the observations of recent global warming in the context of longer-term natural climate fluctuations. Significant elements of the encyclopedia include recent developments in paleoclimate modeling, paleo-ocean circulation, as well as the influence of geological processes and biological feedbacks on global climate change. The encyclopedia gives the reader an entry point into the literature on these and many other groundbreaking topics.
Book Synopsis Carbon Isotope Stratigraphy by : Michael Montenari
Download or read book Carbon Isotope Stratigraphy written by Michael Montenari and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-10-30 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon Isotope Stratigraphy, Volume Five in the Advances in Sequence Stratigraphy series, covers research in stratigraphic disciplines, including the most recent developments in the geosciences. This fully commissioned review publication aims to foster and convey progress in stratigraphy with its inclusion of a variety of topics, including Carbon isotope stratigraphy - principles and applications, Interpreting Phanerozoic d13C patterns as periodic glacio-eustatic sequences, Stable carbon isotopes in archaeological plant remains, Review of the Upper Ediacaran-Lower Cambrian Detrital Series in Central and North Iberia: NE Africa as possible Source Area, Calibrating d13C and d18O chemostratigraphic correlations across Cambrian strata of SW, and much more. - Contains contributions from leading authorities in the field - Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field - Aims to foster and convey progress in stratigraphy, including geochronology, magnetostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, event-stratigraphy, and more
Book Synopsis The Anthropocene as a Geological Time Unit by : Jan Zalasiewicz
Download or read book The Anthropocene as a Geological Time Unit written by Jan Zalasiewicz and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-03-07 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews the evidence underpinning the Anthropocene as a geological epoch written by the Anthropocene Working Group investigating it. The book discusses ongoing changes to the Earth system within the context of deep geological time, allowing a comparison between the global transition taking place today with major transitions in Earth history.
Book Synopsis Abrupt Climate Change by : National Research Council
Download or read book Abrupt Climate Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-04-23 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The climate record for the past 100,000 years clearly indicates that the climate system has undergone periodic-and often extreme-shifts, sometimes in as little as a decade or less. The causes of abrupt climate changes have not been clearly established, but the triggering of events is likely to be the result of multiple natural processes. Abrupt climate changes of the magnitude seen in the past would have far-reaching implications for human society and ecosystems, including major impacts on energy consumption and water supply demands. Could such a change happen again? Are human activities exacerbating the likelihood of abrupt climate change? What are the potential societal consequences of such a change? Abrupt Climate Change: Inevitable Surprises looks at the current scientific evidence and theoretical understanding to describe what is currently known about abrupt climate change, including patterns and magnitudes, mechanisms, and probability of occurrence. It identifies critical knowledge gaps concerning the potential for future abrupt changes, including those aspects of change most important to society and economies, and outlines a research strategy to close those gaps. Based on the best and most current research available, this book surveys the history of climate change and makes a series of specific recommendations for the future.
Book Synopsis Arctic Ocean Sediments: Processes, Proxies, and Paleoenvironment by : R. Stein
Download or read book Arctic Ocean Sediments: Processes, Proxies, and Paleoenvironment written by R. Stein and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-07-22 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although it is generally accepted that the Arctic Ocean is a very sensitive and important region for changes in the global climate, this region is the last major physiographic province of the earth whose short-and long-term geological history is much less known in comparison to other ocean regions. This lack of knowledge is mainly caused by the major technological/logistic problems in reaching this harsh, ice-covered region with normal research vessels and in retrieving long and undisturbed sediment cores. During the the last about 20 years, however, several international and multidisciplinary ship expeditions, including the first scientific drilling on Lomonosov Ridge in 2004, a break-through in Arctic research, were carried out into the central Artic and its surrounding shelf seas. Results from these expeditions have greatly advanced our knowledge on Arctic Ocean paleoenvironments. Published syntheses about the knowledge on Arctic Ocean geology, on the other hand, are based on data available prior to 1990. A comprehensive compilation of data on Arctic Ocean paleoenvironment and its short-and long-term variability based on the huge amount of new data including the ACEX drilling data, has not been available yet. With this book, presenting (1) detailed information on glacio-marine sedimentary processes and geological proxies used for paleoenvironmental reconstructions, and (2) detailed geological data on modern environments, Quaternary variability on different time scales as well as the long-term climate history during Mesozoic-Tertiary times, this gap in knowledge will be filled.*Aimed at specialists and graduates *Presents background research, recent developments, and future trends*Written by a leading scholar and industry expert
Book Synopsis Stable Isotopic Record of Climatic and Environmental Change in Continental Settings by : William Paul Patterson
Download or read book Stable Isotopic Record of Climatic and Environmental Change in Continental Settings written by William Paul Patterson and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 662 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluating Stable Isotope and Geochronologic Techniques for Paleoclimate Reconstruction by : Robin Brendan Trayler
Download or read book Evaluating Stable Isotope and Geochronologic Techniques for Paleoclimate Reconstruction written by Robin Brendan Trayler and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Stable isotope analysis has become the method of choice for many studies investigating the paleoecology and paleoclimate of fossil mammal faunas. While organic tissues (collagen, keratins, proteins) persist for less than 105 years highly mineralized tooth enamel is resistant to alteration and degradation and faithfully preserves its isotopic composition for millions (greater than than 106) years. Reconstructing past climates from these records relies on both understanding both micro-scale mechanisms of isotope incorporation into individual teeth, and macro-scale changes in isotope compositions over hundreds of thousands or millions of years. In this dissertation I address three questions. First, how does the geometry and timing of tooth enamel mineralization affect isotope compositions? Tooth enamel mineralization occurs in two stages with different geometries and proportions of chemical components. In chapter one I present oxygen isotope data and high-resolution major element compositional maps of forming tooth enamel to clarify the process of enamel mineralization. Oxygen isotope results show that enamel records the isotopic composition of only second stage mineralization. Given this, ideal enamel sampling strategies should follow the geometry of second stage mineralization. High resolution maps of calcium density for several teeth reveal that enamel mineralizes at a high angle relative to the underlying dentine, suggesting that existing techniques are appropriate. Second, how can geochronology and stratigraphic information be convolved to strengthen interpretations of paleoclimate proxy records? Many reconstructions of past climates rely on proxy records (e.g. pollen, isotope samples) distributed through a stratigraphic section. Interpreting these data in a global context relies on both the ability to determine the absolute age of some stratigraphic positions, and a model that describes the relationship between stratigraphic position and age, allowing the age of unknown positions to be determined. In chapter two I report new U-Pb ages for several volcanic tuffs from the Santa Cruz Formation of southern Argentina. U-Pb data commonly exhibit complexities which make existing age-depth models unsuitable. I modified an existing age-depth model to better account for variations in absolute age, relative age, and the complex age uncertainties that often arise from magmatic crystal populations. Finally, I present a case study from the Santa Cruz Formation, Argentina. Fossil rich sediments span the initiation of the mid-Miocene climatic optimum, the most recent period of greenhouse conditions in the Cenozoic. carbon isotope-based estimates of mean annual precipitation reveal a progressive aridification of Patagonia with precipitation decreasing prior to the mid-Miocene climatic optimum."--Boise State University ScholarWorks.
Author :Geological Society of London Publisher :Geological Society of London ISBN 13 :9781862391819 Total Pages :342 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (918 download)
Book Synopsis Early-Middle Pleistocene Transitions by : Geological Society of London
Download or read book Early-Middle Pleistocene Transitions written by Geological Society of London and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2005 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Early-Middle Pleistocene transition (around 1.2 to 0.5 Ma) marks a profound shift in Earth's climate state. Low-amplitude 41 ka climate cycles, dominating the earlier part of the Pleistocene, gave way progressively to a 100 ka rhythm of increased amplitude that characterizes our present glacial-interglacial world. This volume assesses the biotic and physical response to this transition both on land and in the oceans: indeed it examines the very nature of Quaternary climate change. Milankovitch theory, palaeoceanography using isotopes and microfossils, marine organic geochemistry, tephrochronology, the record of loess and soil deposition, terrestrial vegetational change, and the migration and evolution of hominins as well as other large and small mammals, are all considered. These themes combine to explore the very origins of our present biota.
Book Synopsis The Geology and Climatology of Yucca Mountain and Vicinity, Southern Nevada and California by : John S. Stuckless
Download or read book The Geology and Climatology of Yucca Mountain and Vicinity, Southern Nevada and California written by John S. Stuckless and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The SAGE Handbook of Environmental Change by : John A Matthews
Download or read book The SAGE Handbook of Environmental Change written by John A Matthews and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2012-01-31 with total page 1059 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The SAGE Handbook of Environmental Change is an extensive survey of the interdisciplinary science of environmental change, including recent debates on climate change and the full range of other natural and anthropogenic changes affecting the Earth-ocean-atmosphere system in the past, present and future. It examines the historic importance, present status and future prospects of the field over two volumes. With more than 40 chapters, the books situate the defining characteristics and key paradigms within a state-of-the-art review of the field, including its changing nature and diversity of approaches, evidence base, key theoretical arguments, resonances with other disciplines and relationships between theory, research and practice. Opening with a detailed, contextualizing essay by the editors, the work is arranged into six parts: Part One: Approaches to Understanding Environmental Change Part Two: Evidence of Environmental Change and the Geo-ecological Response Part Three: Causes, Mechanisms and Dynamics of Environmental Change Part Four: Key Issues of Human-induced Environmental Changes and Their Impacts Part Five: Patterns, Processes and Impacts of Environmental Change at the Regional Scale Part Six: Responses of People to Environmental Change and Implications for Society Global in its coverage, scientific and theoretical in its approach, the books bring together an international set of respected editors and contributors to provide an exciting, timely addition to the literature on climate change. With the subjects′ interdisciplinary framework, this book will appeal to academics, researchers, postgraduates and practitioners in a variety of disciplines including, geography, geology, ecology, environmental science, archaeology, anthropology, politics and sociology.
Book Synopsis Site Characterization Progress Report by :
Download or read book Site Characterization Progress Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 856 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis American Doctoral Dissertations by :
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
