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Stabilization And Carbonization Studies Of Polyacrylonitrile Carbon Nanotube Composite Fibers
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Book Synopsis Stabilization and Carbonization Studies of Polyacrylonitrile /carbon Nanotube Composite Fibers by : Yaodong Liu
Download or read book Stabilization and Carbonization Studies of Polyacrylonitrile /carbon Nanotube Composite Fibers written by Yaodong Liu and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon fibers contain more than 90 wt. % carbon. They have low density, high specific strength and modulus, and good temperature and chemical resistance. Therefore, they are important candidate as reinforcement materials. Carbon fiber is made by pyrolysing precursor polymers. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) which has been used as precursor to produce high strength carbon fiber is used as precursor in this study. The theoretical tensile strength of carbon fibers can reach over 100 GPa. Currently, the best commercial carbon fibers reach only 7.5 GPa. To make good quality carbon fiber and to narrow the gap between theoretical values and currently achieved experimental properties, the entire manufacturing process including fiber spinning, stabilization and carbonization, needs to be improved optimized. In this dissertation, the stabilization processes of gel-spun PAN/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composite fibers are studied.
Book Synopsis Tensile Testing and Stabilization/carbonization Studies of Polyacrylonitrile/carbon Nanotube Composite Fibers by : Kevin Mark Lyons
Download or read book Tensile Testing and Stabilization/carbonization Studies of Polyacrylonitrile/carbon Nanotube Composite Fibers written by Kevin Mark Lyons and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Polyacrylonitrile/carbon Nanotube Composite Fibers by : Han Gi Chae
Download or read book Polyacrylonitrile/carbon Nanotube Composite Fibers written by Han Gi Chae and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stabilization and Carbonization of Gel Spun Polyacrylonitrile/Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Composite Fibers by :
Download or read book Stabilization and Carbonization of Gel Spun Polyacrylonitrile/Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Composite Fibers written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gel spun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and PAN/single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) composite fibers have been stabilized in air and subsequently carbonized in argon at 1100 degrees C. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and infrared spectroscopy suggests that the presence of single wall carbon nanotube affects PAN stabilization. Carbonized PAN/SWNT fibers exhibited 10 to 30 nm diameter fibrils embedded in brittle carbon matrix, while the control PAN carbonized under the same conditions exhibited brittle fracture with no fibrils. High resolution transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy suggests the existence of well-developed graphitic regions in carbonized PAN/SWNT and mostly disordered carbon in carbonized PAN. Tensile modulus and strength of the carbonized fibers were as high as 250 N/tex and 1.8 N/tex for the composite fibers and 168 N/tex and 1.1 N/tex for the control PAN based carbon fibers, respectively. The addition of 1 wt% carbon nanotubes enhanced the carbon fiber modulus by 49% and strenath bv 64%.
Book Synopsis Carbon Nanotubes for Polymer Reinforcement by : Peng-Cheng Ma
Download or read book Carbon Nanotubes for Polymer Reinforcement written by Peng-Cheng Ma and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-03-22 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discovered in the twentieth century, carbon nanotubes (CNT) were an integral part of science and industry by the beginning of the twenty first century, revolutionizing chemistry, physics, and materials science. More recent advances in carbon nanotube production methods have resulted in a tremendous push to incorporate CNTs into polymer matrices. Al
Book Synopsis Carbon Nanotube-Polymer Composites by : Brian P. Grady
Download or read book Carbon Nanotube-Polymer Composites written by Brian P. Grady and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-07-08 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The accessible compendium of polymers in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)—extremely thin tubes only a few nanometers in diameter but able to attain lengths thousands of times greater—are prime candidates for use in the development of polymer composite materials. Bringing together thousands of disparate research works, Carbon Nanotube-Polymer Composites: Manufacture, Properties, and Applications covers CNT-polymers from synthesis to potential applications, presenting the basic science and engineering of this dynamic and complex area in an accessible, readable way. Designed to be of use to polymer scientists, engineers, chemists, physicists, and materials scientists, the book covers carbon nanotube fundamentals to help polymer experts understand CNTs, and polymer physics to help those in the CNT field, making it an invaluable resource for anyone working with CNT-polymer composites. Detailed chapters describe the mechanical, rheological, electrical, and thermal properties of carbon nanotube-polymer composites. Including a glossary that defines key terms, Carbon Nanotube-Polymer Composites is essential reading for anyone looking to gain a fundamental understanding of CNTs and polymers, as well as potential and current applications, including electronics (shielding and transparent electrodes), flame retardants, and electromechanics (sensors and actuators), and their challenges.
Book Synopsis Carbon Nanotube Based Composites by : Antonio Pantano
Download or read book Carbon Nanotube Based Composites written by Antonio Pantano and published by Smithers Rapra. This book was released on 2012-09-28 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have amazing properties and a key way to take advantage of this is by incorporating nanotubes into a matrix to build composite materials. The best candidates for this task are undoubtedly polymers. Almost every characteristic of a polymer can be significantly enhanced by adding carbon nanotubes and as a result, new potential applications of carbon nanotube enhanced polymer composites are discovered every day. However, before carbon nanotube enhanced polymer composites become commonplace there are some tough challenges that need to be overcome. This book reviews the status of worldwide research in both single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotube based composites. It serves as a practical guide on carbon nanotube based composites and a reference to students and researchers from the academia and industry.
Book Synopsis Carbon Nanotube-polymer Composites by : Dimitrios Tasis
Download or read book Carbon Nanotube-polymer Composites written by Dimitrios Tasis and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2013 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to summarize the basic chemical aspects for obtaining multifunctional carbon nanotube-based polymer composites, but also to highlight some of the most remarkable advances that occurred in the field during the last recent years.
Book Synopsis Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Polyacrylonitrile and Poly(etherketone) Fibers by : Rahul Jain
Download or read book Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Polyacrylonitrile and Poly(etherketone) Fibers written by Rahul Jain and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The graphitic nature, continuous structure, and high mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) make them good candidate for reinforcing polymer fiber. The different types of CNTs including single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), few-wall carbon nanotubes (FWNTs), and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) differ in terms of their diameter and number of graphitic walls. The desire has been to increase the concentration of CNTs as much as possible to make next generation multi-functional materials. The work in this thesis is mainly focused on MWNT and CNF reinforced polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite fibers, and SWNT, FWNT, and MWNT reinforced poly(etherketone) (PEK) composite fibers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the spinning of 20% MWNT or 30% CNF reinforced polymer fiber spun using conventional fiber spinning. Also, this is the first study to report the PEK/CNT composite fibers.
Book Synopsis Single Wall Carbon Nanotube/polyacrylonitrile Composite Fiber by : Jianghong Liang
Download or read book Single Wall Carbon Nanotube/polyacrylonitrile Composite Fiber written by Jianghong Liang and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs), discovered in 1993, have good mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is an important fiber for textiles as well as a precursor for carbon fibers. PAN has been produced since 1930s. In this study, we have processed SWNT/PAN fibers by dry-jet wet spinning. Purified SWNT, nitric acid treated SWNTs, and benzonitrile functionalized SWNTs have been used. Fiber processing was done in Dimethyl Formamide (DMF) and coagulation was done in DMF/water mixture. The coagulated fibers were drawn (draw ratio of 6) at 95 oC. Structure, orientation, and mechanical properties of these fibers have been studied. The cross-sections for all the fibers are not circular. Incorporation of SWNT in PAN results in improved mechanical properties, tensile modulus increased from 7.9 GPa for control PAN to 13.7 GPa for SWNT/PAN composite fiber, and functionalized SWNTs result in higher improvements with tensile modulus reaching 17.8 GPa for acid treated SWNT/PAN composite fibers. The theoretical analysis suggests that observed moduli of the composite fibers are consistent with the predicted values.
Book Synopsis Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Polymers by : Roham Rafiee
Download or read book Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Polymers written by Roham Rafiee and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-10-01 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in nanotechnology have led to the development of a new class of composite materials known as CNT-reinforced polymers. The low density and high aspect ratio, together with their exceptional mechanical, electrical and thermal properties, render carbon nanotubes as a good reinforcing agent for composites. The experimental measurement of CNT properties is a challenging and tedious task. Extremely scattered data obtained through experimental observations originated from different imposed limitations and obstacles have encouraged many researchers to pursue a variety of theoretical studies on the effective properties of CNTs and their corresponding composites. Consequently, simulation and modeling techniques play a significant role in characterizing their properties and understanding their mechanical behavior. Reasonable analysis of their behavior obtained through modeling and simulation will provide insight into their future potential applications. Thus, there is a vital demand of understanding properties of CNT-based composites in their design and analysis procedure. The theoretical studies on the mechanical properties of CNTs and also their composites are divided into atomistic modeling, continuum mechanics-based approaches including both analytical and numerical ones and also multi-scale modeling techniques. Different efforts have been done in this field to address the mechanical behavior of isolated CNTs and their composites by numerous researchers and this area of study is still ongoing. Carbon Nanotubes, from Nanoscale to Macrosacle presents state-of-the-art research in the field of modeling, characterization and processing of these materials with a mechanical emphasis. Explains modelling approaches to Carbon Nanotubes, together with their application, strength, and limitations, Outlines the properties of different carbon nanotube-based composites, exploring how they are used in the mechanical and structural components Analyses the behavior of carbon nanotube-based composites in different conditions
Book Synopsis Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Composites by : Sie Chin Tjong
Download or read book Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Composites written by Sie Chin Tjong and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-04-08 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing a broad insight into the potential applications of carbon nanotubes with metals and ceramic materials as a matrix, this book focuses on the preparation and the microstructural, physical, and mechanical characterizations of such novel nanocomposites. It features information on current synthesis and structure-property-relationships of metals and ceramics reinforced with CNT, organizing the vast array of surveys scattered throughout the literature in a single monograph. With its laboratory protocols and data tables this is invaluable reading for research workers and academics, as well as for applied scientists and industry personnel.
Book Synopsis Polyacrylonitrile by : Young Ho Choi
Download or read book Polyacrylonitrile written by Young Ho Choi and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study elucidates the effect of various processing parameters on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) /carbon nanotube (CNT) composite fiber structure and properties. Interaction between PAN and MWNT enabled the gel-spun PAN/MWNT composite fiber to be drawn to a higher draw ratio, than the control PAN fiber, resulting in the composite fiber tensile strength value as high as 1.3 GPa. PAN/MWNT composite fibers were stabilized and carbonized, and the resulting fibers have been characterized for their structure and properties. The effect of precursor fiber shelf-time on the mechanical properties of the gel-spun PAN/MWNT composite fibers is also reported. A rheological study of PAN-co-MAA/few wall nanotube (FWNT) composite solution has been conducted. At low shear rates, the network of FWNTs contributes to elastic response, resulting in higher viscosity and storage modulus for the composite solution as compared to the control solution. On the other hand, at high shear rates, the network of FWNTs can be broken, resulting in lower viscosity for the composite solution than that for the control solution. Larger PAN crystal size (~16.2 nm) and enhanced mechanical properties are observed when the fiber was drawn at room temperature (cold-drawing) prior to being drawn at elevated temperature (~ 165 °C; hot-drawing). Azimuthal scan of wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and Raman G-band intensities were used for the evaluation of Herman's orientation factor for PAN crystal (fPAN) and FWNT (fFWNT), respectively. Significantly higher nanotube orientation was observed than PAN orientation at an early stage of fiber processing (i.e during spinning, cold-drawing). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed that PAN-co-MAA fiber can be converted into cyclic structure at milder conditions than those for PAN. Continuous in-line stabilization, carbonization, and characterization of the resulting carbon fibers were carried out. Rheological and fiber spinning studies have also been carried out on PAN-co-MAA/VGCNF (vapor grown carbon nano fiber). The diameter of PAN-co-MAA/VGCNF composite fiber is smaller than that of the PAN-co-MAA control fiber with same draw ratio due to the suppressed die-swell in the presence of VGCNF. The mechanical properties of PAN-co-MAA control and PAN-co-MAA/VGCNF composite fibers were characterized. Crystalline structure and morphology of the solution-spun PAN-co-MAA/VGCNF fibers are characterized using WAXD and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The volume fraction of PAN-CNT interphase in PAN matrix has been calculated to illustrate the impact of CNTs on structural change in PAN matrix, when ordered PAN molecules are developed in the vicinity of CNTs during fiber processing. The effect of PAN-CNT interphase thickness, CNT diameter, and mass density of CNT on volume fraction of PAN-CNT interphase has been explored.
Book Synopsis Structure, Processing, and Properties of Polyacrylpnitrile/carbon by : Huina Guo
Download or read book Structure, Processing, and Properties of Polyacrylpnitrile/carbon written by Huina Guo and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vapor grown carbon nanofibers (VGCNFs) developed in 1980s are being widely used for reinforcing composites. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) discovered in early 1990 can be classified as single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), double wall carbon nanotube (DWNTs) and multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) depending on the number of grapheme layer forming the carbon nanotube. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), a commercially important polymer is a predominant precursor for carbon fiber. Carbonized and activated PAN/SWNT films can find application as electrochemical supercapacitor electrodes. This study is focused on the structure, processing and properties of polyacrylonitrile/carbon nanotube (CNT) composite films. PAN/SWNT (60/40) composite film have been processed with unique combination of tensile strength, modulus, electrical conductivity, dimensional stability, low density, solvent resistance, and thermal stability. PAN molecular motion above the glass transition temperature (Tg) in the composite film is significantly suppressed, resulting in high PAN/SWNT storage modulus above Tg. The specific modulus of PAN/VGCNF composite films is consistent with the predictions of the Halpin-Tsai equation up to 20% VGCNF loading. The magnitude of modulus and other property enhancement is reduced as the nanofiber loading is increased (up to 40%). Further increase in nanofiber loading (> 40%) in composite results in modulus and tensile strength lower than those of control PAN. Electrical percolation was observed at 3.1 vol% VGCNF loading. PAN/CNT composite films were processed using SWNTs, DWNTs, MWNTs and VGCNFs to study the effect of various nanotubes on the composite properties. PAN/CNT films have been characterized by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), Raman spectroscopy, and scanning as well as transmission electron microscopy. Films have also been characterized for electrical conductivity, tensile and dynamic mechanical properties. Mechanical property results have been analyzed in terms of the nanotube surface area determined by nitrogen gas adsorption. PAN/CNT composite films and fibers are characterized using solid state 1HNMR spin lattice relaxation time (T1). With the addition of nanotubes, the T1 values for the PAN matrix generally decreased, and the reduction mechanism is discussed. The optical anisotropy of SWNT in PAN/SWNT composites was observed in their polarized infrared spectra and analyzed using the effective medium theory.
Book Synopsis Stabilization of Polyacrylonitrile Carbon Fiber Precursors by : Michael G. Dunham
Download or read book Stabilization of Polyacrylonitrile Carbon Fiber Precursors written by Michael G. Dunham and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Synthesis and Characterization of Multi-wall Carbon Nanotube/polyacrylonitrile Composite Fibers and Resulting Carbon Fibers by : Matthew Collins Weisenberger
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Multi-wall Carbon Nanotube/polyacrylonitrile Composite Fibers and Resulting Carbon Fibers written by Matthew Collins Weisenberger and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nanotailored Carbon Fibers written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Report developed under STTR contract for topic AF08-T028. Polyacrylonitrile/carbon nanotube composite fibers are processed and used to produce high strength and high modulus carbon fibers. In order to produce composite fibers, several spinning technologies have been used, which are called gel spinning and bi-component spinning. Carbonization process of the composite fiber was optimized to obtain high strength and high modulus carbon fiber. The resulting carbon fibers possessed average tensile strength up to 5 gigapascal (GPa) and average tensile modulus up to 410 GPa. The highest strength and modulus to date are 7.1 GPa and 476 GPa, respectively. These nanotailored carbon fibers will have superior mechanical properties as well as better electrical and thermal conductivity as compared to the conventional carbon fibers, which should result in significant weight savings and functionality in various aerospace composite systems.
