Sri Lankas Global Factory Workers

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Sri Lanka's Global Factory Workers

Author : Sandya Hewamanne
Publisher : Routledge Contemporary South Asia Series
ISBN 13 : 9780367867683
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (676 download)

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Book Synopsis Sri Lanka's Global Factory Workers by : Sandya Hewamanne

Download or read book Sri Lanka's Global Factory Workers written by Sandya Hewamanne and published by Routledge Contemporary South Asia Series. This book was released on 2019-12-12 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Sri Lanka, the Free Trade Zone (FTZ) employs thousands of unmarried rural women, and their migration has aroused deep anxieties over female morality and ideal conduct. This book focuses on the global factory workers based in the FTZ, and analyzes intersections of gender, class and sexuality by looking at the sexual lives and struggles of the female workers. Exploring the alternative sexual world created by Sri Lanka's female global factory workers who engage in practices--such as premarital sex, unmarried cohabitation, and, to a lesser extent, lesbianism--that mainstream Sinhalese Buddhist culture considers taboo, the author demonstrates that the articulations of good and bad women in relation to sexual behavior has rendered global workers' sexual lives "unutterable," leading to zones of silence, contradictory articulations and performances. Taking the reader into the forbidden zones of sexual discourses, choices, acts, and texts enacted and expressed in visible arenas yet remain unseen, unread or misread by onlookers, the book critically investigate how cultural, economic and political processes are implicated in the construction and expression of working class female sexualities. An important contribution to the field of gender studies, the book addresses issues surrounding sexuality, particularly how it is shaped by global production networks as well as patriarchal nationalist projects. It is of interest to students and scholars of South Asian Studies and Gender Studies.

Sri Lanka’s Global Factory Workers

Author : Sandya Hewamanne
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134850948
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (348 download)

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Book Synopsis Sri Lanka’s Global Factory Workers by : Sandya Hewamanne

Download or read book Sri Lanka’s Global Factory Workers written by Sandya Hewamanne and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-06-17 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Sri Lanka, the Free Trade Zone (FTZ) employs thousands of unmarried rural women, and their migration has aroused deep anxieties over female morality and ideal conduct. This book focuses on the global factory workers based in the FTZ, and analyzes intersections of gender, class and sexuality by looking at the sexual lives and struggles of the female workers. Exploring the alternative sexual world created by Sri Lanka’s female global factory workers who engage in practices—such as premarital sex, unmarried cohabitation, and, to a lesser extent, lesbianism—that mainstream Sinhalese Buddhist culture considers taboo, the author demonstrates that the articulations of good and bad women in relation to sexual behavior has rendered global workers’ sexual lives "unutterable," leading to zones of silence, contradictory articulations and performances. Taking the reader into the forbidden zones of sexual discourses, choices, acts, and texts enacted and expressed in visible arenas yet remain unseen, unread or misread by onlookers, the book critically investigate how cultural, economic and political processes are implicated in the construction and expression of working class female sexualities. An important contribution to the field of gender studies, the book addresses issues surrounding sexuality, particularly how it is shaped by global production networks as well as patriarchal nationalist projects. It is of interest to students and scholars of South Asian Studies and Gender Studies.

Juki Girls, Good Girls

Author : Caitrin Lynch
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501704990
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Juki Girls, Good Girls by : Caitrin Lynch

Download or read book Juki Girls, Good Girls written by Caitrin Lynch and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2016-11-15 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When a government program brought garment factories to rural Sri Lanka, women workers found themselves caught between the pressures of a globalizing economy and societal expectations that villages are sanctuaries of tradition. These women learned quickly to resist the characterization of "Juki girls"—female garment workers already established in the urban sector—as vulgar and deracinated, instead asserting that they were "good girls" who could embody the nation's highest ideals of femininity. Caitrin Lynch shows how contemporary Sri Lankan women navigate a complex web of political, cultural, and socioeconomic forces. Drawing on extensive ethnographic research conducted inside export-oriented garment factories and a close examination of national policies intended to ease the way for globalization, Lynch details precisely how gender, nationalism, and globalization influence everyday life in Sri Lanka. This book includes autobiographical essays by garment workers about their efforts to attain the benefits of being seen as "good" while simultaneously expanding the definition of what sort of behavior constitutes appropriate conduct. These village garment workers struggled to reconcile the role thrust upon them as symbols of national progress with the negative public perception of factory workers. Lynch provides the context needed to appreciate the paradoxes that globalization creates while painting a sympathetic portrait of the individuals whose life stories appear in this book.

Made in Bangladesh, Cambodia, and Sri Lanka: The Labor Behind the Global Garments and Textiles Industries

Author : Sanchita Banerjee Saxena
Publisher : Cambria Press
ISBN 13 : 1604978783
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (49 download)

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Book Synopsis Made in Bangladesh, Cambodia, and Sri Lanka: The Labor Behind the Global Garments and Textiles Industries by : Sanchita Banerjee Saxena

Download or read book Made in Bangladesh, Cambodia, and Sri Lanka: The Labor Behind the Global Garments and Textiles Industries written by Sanchita Banerjee Saxena and published by Cambria Press. This book was released on 2014-06-26 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The general perception of the garment and textile industry in the global South is fueled only by images of dismal labor conditions and unsuitable factories, descriptions of labor clashes with police, and analyses of low wages and exploitative multinational corporations. This book presents an insightful perspective on the garment and textiles industries in Asia by highlighting that an industry fraught with competing concerns can, in fact, collaborate and work together when it is in the interest of both the state and interest groups to do so. This comparative study recognizes the role of both the state and interest groups in the policy making process and argues that they are interlinked and require one another for sustainable reforms. Employing original, in-depth research in three different countries, the study skillfully delves down deep beyond the macro statistics and commonly held images to cast light on some of the significant policy and attitudinal shifts that have occurred in this industry. It demonstrates that even though the struggle continues, it is important to recognize the improvements thus far and to work towards positive change. This book also takes a much larger historical view of the sector, arguing that manipulation of the trading regime has created and continues to create both incentives and disincentives for the various stakeholders involved in this industry. This book is is essential for students and researchers in policy studies, labor studies, South and Southeast Asian studies, international trade, and political science, as well as those engaged in program design and evaluation of projects focused on labor rights. This study is also critical for non-governmental organizations with a thematic focus on the garments and textiles industry, labor rights, human rights, and international trade policy, as well as for private sector organizations focused on improving labor conditions around the world. More information at http://www.cambriapress.com/books/9781604978780.cfm

Restitching Identities in Rural Sri Lanka

Author : Sandya Hewamanne
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812297334
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis Restitching Identities in Rural Sri Lanka by : Sandya Hewamanne

Download or read book Restitching Identities in Rural Sri Lanka written by Sandya Hewamanne and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2020-09-28 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sandya Hewamanne's Stitching Identities in a Free Trade Zone analyzed how female factory workers in Sri Lanka's free trade zones challenged conventional notions about marginalized women at the bottom of the global economy. In Restitching Identities in Rural Sri Lanka Hewamanne now follows many of these same women to explore the ways in which they negotiate their social and economic lives once back in their home villages. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted over fifteen years, the book explores how the former free-trade-zone workers manipulate varied forms of capital—social, cultural, and monetary— to become local entrepreneurs and community leaders, while simultaneously initiating gradual changes in rural social hierarchies and gender norms. Free trade zones introduce Sri Lankan women to neoliberal ways of fashioning selves, Hewamanne contends. Her book illustrates how varied manifestations of neoliberal attitudes within local contexts result in new articulations of what it is to be an entrepreneur as well as a good woman. By focusing on how former workers decenter neoliberal market relations while using their entrepreneurial and civic activities to reimagine social life in ways more satisfying to them and their loved ones—what the author calls a politics of contentment—the book sheds light on new political possibilities in contexts where both reproduction of neoliberal economic relations and implementation of alternatives co-exist.

Export Processing Zones in Sri Lanka

Author : Janaki Abeywardene
Publisher : Geneva : ILO
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Export Processing Zones in Sri Lanka by : Janaki Abeywardene

Download or read book Export Processing Zones in Sri Lanka written by Janaki Abeywardene and published by Geneva : ILO. This book was released on 1994 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Unmaking the Global Sweatshop

Author : Rebecca Prentice
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812294319
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis Unmaking the Global Sweatshop by : Rebecca Prentice

Download or read book Unmaking the Global Sweatshop written by Rebecca Prentice and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2017-07-31 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2013 collapse of Rana Plaza, an eight-story garment factory in Savar, Bangladesh, killed over a thousand workers and injured hundreds more. This disaster exposed the brutal labor conditions of the global garment industry and revealed its failures as a competitive and self-regulating industry. Over the past thirty years, corporations have widely adopted labor codes on health and safety, yet too often in their working lives, garment workers across the globe encounter death, work-related injuries, and unhealthy factory environments. Disasters such as Rana Plaza notwithstanding, garment workers routinely work under conditions that not only escape public notice but also undermine workers' long-term physical health, mental well-being, and the very sustainability of their employment. Unmaking the Global Sweatshop gathers the work of leading anthropologists and ethnographers studying the global garment industry to examine the relationship between the politics of labor and initiatives to protect workers' health and safety. Contributors analyze both the labor processes required of garment workers as well as the global dynamics of outsourcing and subcontracting that produce such demands on workers' health. The accounts contained in Unmaking the Global Sweatshop trace the histories of labor standards for garment workers in the global South; explore recent partnerships between corporate, state, and civil society actors in pursuit of accountable corporate governance; analyze a breadth of initiatives that seek to improve workers' health standards, from ethical trade projects to human rights movements; and focus on the ways in which risk, health, and safety might be differently conceptualized and regulated. Unmaking the Global Sweatshop argues for an expansive understanding of garment workers' lived experiences that recognizes the politics of labor, human rights, the privatization and individualization of health-related responsibilities as well as the complexity of health and well-being. Contributors: Mark Anner, Hasan Ashraf, Jennifer Bair, Jeremy Blasi, Geert De Neve, Saydia Gulrukh, Ingrid Hagen-Keith, Sandya Hewamanne, Caitrin Lynch, Alessandra Mezzadri, Patrick Neveling, Florence Palpacuer, Rebecca Prentice, Kanchana N. Ruwanpura, Nazneen Shifa, Dina M. Siddiqi, Mahmudul H. Sumon.

Juki Girls, Good Girls

Author : Caitrin Lynch
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780801445569
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (455 download)

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Book Synopsis Juki Girls, Good Girls by : Caitrin Lynch

Download or read book Juki Girls, Good Girls written by Caitrin Lynch and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When a government program brought garment factories to rural Sri Lanka, women workers found themselves caught between the pressures of a globalizing economy and societal expectations that villages are sanctuaries of tradition. These women learned quickly to resist the characterization of "Juki girls"—female garment workers already established in the urban sector—as vulgar and deracinated, instead asserting that they were "good girls" who could embody the nation's highest ideals of femininity. Caitrin Lynch shows how contemporary Sri Lankan women navigate a complex web of political, cultural, and socioeconomic forces. Drawing on extensive ethnographic research conducted inside export-oriented garment factories and a close examination of national policies intended to ease the way for globalization, Lynch details precisely how gender, nationalism, and globalization influence everyday life in Sri Lanka. This book includes autobiographical essays by garment workers about their efforts to attain the benefits of being seen as "good" while simultaneously expanding the definition of what sort of behavior constitutes appropriate conduct. These village garment workers struggled to reconcile the role thrust upon them as symbols of national progress with the negative public perception of factory workers. Lynch provides the context needed to appreciate the paradoxes that globalization creates while painting a sympathetic portrait of the individuals whose life stories appear in this book.

Unmaking the Global Sweatshop

Author : Rebecca Prentice
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812249399
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis Unmaking the Global Sweatshop by : Rebecca Prentice

Download or read book Unmaking the Global Sweatshop written by Rebecca Prentice and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2017-08-25 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unmaking the Global Sweatshop gathers the work of leading anthropologists and ethnographers studying the global garment industry's impact on workers' well-being and examines the relationship between the politics of labor and initiatives to protect workers' health and safety.

Stitching Identities in a Free Trade Zone

Author : Sandya Hewamanne
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812202252
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis Stitching Identities in a Free Trade Zone by : Sandya Hewamanne

Download or read book Stitching Identities in a Free Trade Zone written by Sandya Hewamanne and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2011-06-03 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthropologist Sandya Hewamanne spent time in a Sri Lankan free trade zone (FTZ) working and living among the workers to learn about their lives. "They were poor women from rural areas," Hewamanne writes, "who migrated to do garment work in transnational factories of a global assembly line. Their difficult work routines and sad living conditions have been examined in detail. When I was with them I often wondered whether anyone noticed the smiles, winks, smirks, gestures, tones of voice, the movies they saw, or the songs they sang." Hewamanne deftly weaves theories of identity, globalization, and cultural politics throughout her detailed accounts of the workers' efforts to negotiate ever shifting roles and expectations of gender, class, and sexuality. By analyzing how these workers claim political subjectivity, Hewamanne's Stitching Identities in a Free Trade Zone challenges conventional notions about women at the bottom of the global economy. The book offers a fascinating journey through the vibrant subaltern universe of Sri Lankan female migrant workers, from the FTZ factory shop floor to boarding houses, from urban movie theaters to temples and beaches and back to their native rural villages. Stitching Identities in a Free Trade Zone captures the spirit with which women confront power and violence through everyday poetics and politics, exploring how female workers construct themselves as different while investigating this difference as the space where deep anxieties and ambivalences over notions of nation, modernity, and globalization get played out.

Garments without Guilt?

Author : Kanchana N. Ruwanpura
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009032313
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Garments without Guilt? by : Kanchana N. Ruwanpura

Download or read book Garments without Guilt? written by Kanchana N. Ruwanpura and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-06-16 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sri Lanka's apparel sector holds an enviable place in the imaginary of its competitors for having a niche position amongst global retailers, given its claims of producing 'garments without guilt'. Exploitative labour conditions are not part of the industry's portfolio – ethicality, eco-friendly production and unblemished conditions of work are. Sri Lanka's transition away from a protracted ethnic war has meant that the industry portrays itself as investing in the former war zone to create jobs without reflection on how its vaunted mantle, the deployment of ethical codes effectively, themselves may be under duress. This book uses an analytical framing informed by labour and feminist perspectives to explore how labour struggles in the post-1977 period in Sri Lanka provided important resistance to capitalist processes and continue to shape the industry both within and outside of the shop floor. It studies contextual moments in the country's recent history to rupture the dominant narrative and record the centrality of labour in the success of the country's apparel industry.

Labor, Global Supply Chains, and the Garment Industry in South Asia

Author : Sanchita Banerjee Saxena
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429771754
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (297 download)

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Book Synopsis Labor, Global Supply Chains, and the Garment Industry in South Asia by : Sanchita Banerjee Saxena

Download or read book Labor, Global Supply Chains, and the Garment Industry in South Asia written by Sanchita Banerjee Saxena and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-06-27 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book argues that larger flaws in the global supply chain must first be addressed to change the way business is conducted to prevent factory owners from taking deadly risks to meet clients’ demands in the garment industry in Bangladesh. Using the 2013 Rana Plaza disaster as a departure point, and to prevent such tragedies from occurring in the future, this book presents an interdisciplinary analysis to address the disaster which resulted in a radical change in the functioning of the garment industry. The chapters present innovative ways of thinking about solutions that go beyond third-party monitoring. They open up possibilities for a renewed engagement of international brands and buyers within the garment sector, a focus on direct worker empowerment using technology, the role of community-based movements, developing a model of change through enforceable contracts combined with workers movements, and a more productive and influential role for both factory owners and the government. This book makes key interventions and rethinks the approaches that have been taken until now and proposes suggestions for the way forward. It engages with international brands, the private sector, and civil society to strategize about the future of the industry and for those who depend on it for their livelihood. A much-needed review and evaluation of the many initiatives that have been set up in Bangladesh in the wake of Rana Plaza, this book is a valuable addition to academics in the fields of development studies, gender and women’s studies, human rights, poverty and practice, political science, economics, sociology, anthropology, and South Asian studies.

Making the Right Choice

Author : Asha L. Abeyasekera
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
ISBN 13 : 1978810326
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (788 download)

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Book Synopsis Making the Right Choice by : Asha L. Abeyasekera

Download or read book Making the Right Choice written by Asha L. Abeyasekera and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2021-03-12 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Making the Right Choice unravels the entangled relationship between marriage, morality, and the desire for modernity as it plays out in the context of middle-class status concerns and aspirations for upward social mobility within the Sinhala-Buddhist community in urban Sri Lanka. By focusing on individual life-histories spanning three generations, the book illuminates how narratives about a gendered self and narratives about modernity are mutually constituted and intrinsically tied to notions of agency. The book uncovers how "becoming modern" in urban Sri Lanka, rather than causing inter-generational conflict, is a collective aspiration realized through the efforts of bringing up educated and independent women capable of making "right" choices. The consequence of this collective investment is a feminist conundrum: agency does not denote the right to choose, but the duty to make the "right" choice; hence agency is experienced not as a sense of "freedom," but rather as a burden of responsibility.

Restitching Identities in Rural Sri Lanka

Author : Sandya Hewamanne
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812252403
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis Restitching Identities in Rural Sri Lanka by : Sandya Hewamanne

Download or read book Restitching Identities in Rural Sri Lanka written by Sandya Hewamanne and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2020-09-28 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sandya Hewamanne's Stitching Identities in a Free Trade Zone analyzed how female factory workers in Sri Lanka's free trade zones challenged conventional notions about marginalized women at the bottom of the global economy. In Restitching Identities in Rural Sri Lanka Hewamanne now follows many of these same women to explore the ways in which they negotiate their social and economic lives once back in their home villages. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted over fifteen years, the book explores how the former free-trade-zone workers manipulate varied forms of capital—social, cultural, and monetary— to become local entrepreneurs and community leaders, while simultaneously initiating gradual changes in rural social hierarchies and gender norms. Free trade zones introduce Sri Lankan women to neoliberal ways of fashioning selves, Hewamanne contends. Her book illustrates how varied manifestations of neoliberal attitudes within local contexts result in new articulations of what it is to be an entrepreneur as well as a good woman. By focusing on how former workers decenter neoliberal market relations while using their entrepreneurial and civic activities to reimagine social life in ways more satisfying to them and their loved ones—what the author calls a politics of contentment—the book sheds light on new political possibilities in contexts where both reproduction of neoliberal economic relations and implementation of alternatives co-exist.

Soap Operas, Gender and the Sri Lankan Diaspora

Author : Shashini Gamage
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303070632X
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis Soap Operas, Gender and the Sri Lankan Diaspora by : Shashini Gamage

Download or read book Soap Operas, Gender and the Sri Lankan Diaspora written by Shashini Gamage and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-29 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a transnational ethnographic study of Sri Lankan women’s television soap opera cultures in Australia and Sri Lanka. Both Sri Lankan migrant women’s soap opera clubs in Melbourne, Australia, and female friendship groups watching soap operas in Colombo, Sri Lanka, are examined. Conducted in the sociopolitical backdrop of post-civil war Sri Lanka, this study examines how nationalist ideologies of womanhood shape meanings in Sri Lankan television soap operas that predominantly cater to female audiences. How women interpret, resist, deconstruct, and reconstruct good-bad binaries of women’s bodies, freedoms, and rights as represented in the soap operas are mapped, providing an ethnographic examination of how nationalist meanings translate into cultural capital in spaces of television production and reception, in national and diasporic everyday lives.

The Sri Lanka Reader

Author : John Holt
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 0822349825
Total Pages : 791 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (223 download)

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Book Synopsis The Sri Lanka Reader by : John Holt

Download or read book The Sri Lanka Reader written by John Holt and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2011-04-13 with total page 791 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fifty-four images and more than ninety classic and contemporary texts introduce Sri Lankas recorded history of more than two and a half millennia.

The Labour Movement in the Global South

Author : S. Janaka Biyanwila
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136904255
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (369 download)

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Book Synopsis The Labour Movement in the Global South by : S. Janaka Biyanwila

Download or read book The Labour Movement in the Global South written by S. Janaka Biyanwila and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-10-18 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on extensive original research, this book examines the challenges confronting trade unions in the global South, by focusing on trade union struggles in Sri Lanka under neo-liberal globalisation. It centres on movement politics of unions; explains union capacities to mobilise workers as a part of broad counter movement; and specifies worker struggles in Sri Lanka. The author identifies key dimensions of variation in the approaches taken by oppositional groupings, in particular unions, other labour organisations and the labour movement, and locates those variations in a larger theoretical context. Three case studies on trade unions in tea plantations, garment factories and among the nurses show how these theoretical dimensions operate in practice, and the consequences for the sort of opposition that is (and is not) created. The book contributes to the on-going debate on social movement unionism, and it also reveals their gaps in terms of addressing how class injustices are mediated through ethno-nationalist projects reproducing ethnic and gender hierarchies. It acknowledges the diversity of experiences and forms of resistance in the global South and critically engages with issues of gender, ethnicity and labour internationalism, providing a useful contribution to studies on South Asian Politics as well as Labour and Development Studies.