Motor Function of the Pharynx, Esophagus, and Its Sphincters

Download Motor Function of the Pharynx, Esophagus, and Its Sphincters PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1615043330
Total Pages : 87 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Motor Function of the Pharynx, Esophagus, and Its Sphincters by : Ravinder Mittal

Download or read book Motor Function of the Pharynx, Esophagus, and Its Sphincters written by Ravinder Mittal and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deglutition or a swallow begins as a voluntary act in the oral cavity but proceeds autonomously in the pharynx and esophagus. Bilateral sequenced activation and inhibition of more than 25 pairs of muscles of mouth, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus is required during a swallow. A single swallow elicits peristalsis in the pharynx and esophagus along with relaxation of upper and lower esophageal sphincters. Multiple swallows, at closely spaced time intervals, demonstrate deglutitive inhibition; sphincters remain relaxed during the entire period, but only the last swallow elicits peristalsis. Laryngeal inlet closure or airway protection is very important during swallow. Upper part of the esophagus that includes upper esophageal sphincter is composed of skeletal muscles, middle esophagus is composed of a mixture of skeletal and smooth muscles, and lower esophagus, including lower esophageal sphincter, is composed of smooth muscles. Peristalsis progresses in seamless fashion, despite separate control mechanism, from the skeletal to smooth muscle esophagus. The esophagus's circular and longitudinal muscle layers contract synchronously during peristalsis. Sphincters maintain continuous tone; neuromuscular mechanisms for tonic closure in the upper and lower esophageal sphincters are different. Lower esophageal sphincter transient relaxation, belching mechanism, regurgitation, vomiting, and reflux are mediated via the brain stem. Table of Contents: Introduction / Central Program Generator and Brain Stem / Pharynx-Anatomy, Neural Innervation, and Motor Pattern / Upper Esophageal Sphincter / Neuromuscular Anatomy of Esophagus and Lower Esophageal Sphincter / Extrinsic Innervation: Parasympathetic and Sympathetic / Interstitial Cells of Cajal / Recording Techniques / Motor Patterns of the Esophagus-Aboral and Oral Transport / Deglutitive Inhibition and Muscle Refractoriness / Peristalsis in the Circular and Longitudinal Muscles of the Esophagus / Neural and Myogenic Mechanism of Peristalsis / Central Mechanism of Peristalsis-Cortical and Brain Stem Control / Peripheral Mechanisms of Peristalsis / Central Versus Peripheral Mechanism of Deglutitive Inhibition / Neural Control of Longitudinal Muscle Contraction / Modulation of Primary and Secondary Peristalsis / Neural Control of Lower Esophageal Sphincter and Crural Diaphragm / Lower Esophageal Sphincter / Swallow-Induced LES Relaxation / Crural Diaphragm Contribution to EGJ and Neural Control / Transient LES Relaxation and Pharmacological Inhibition / Compliance of the EGJ / References

Fecal Incontinence

Download Fecal Incontinence PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 8847006376
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Fecal Incontinence by : Carlo Ratto

Download or read book Fecal Incontinence written by Carlo Ratto and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-08 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fecal incontinence is a common and embarrassing condition with a devastating impact on patients’ lives. Since it may result from a variety of pathophysiological situations, an accurate diagnostic work-up is crucial. A range of therapies is available, but choosing the correct option is pivotal to successful management. This book reviews the latest advances in the epidemiologic, socio-economic, psychological, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of fecal incontinence, helping to establish effective treatment guidelines.

Colonic Motility

Download Colonic Motility PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Biota Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1615041516
Total Pages : 159 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Colonic Motility by : Sushil K. Sarna

Download or read book Colonic Motility written by Sushil K. Sarna and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three distinct types of contractions perform colonic motility functions. Rhythmic phasic contractions (RPCs) cause slow net distal propulsion with extensive mixing/turning over. Infrequently occurring giant migrating contractions (GMCs) produce mass movements. Tonic contractions aid RPCs in their motor function. The spatiotemporal patterns of these contractions differ markedly. The amplitude and distance of propagation of a GMC are several-fold larger than those of an RPC. The enteric neurons and smooth muscle cells are the core regulators of all three types of contractions. The regulation of contractions by these mechanisms is modifiable by extrinsic factors: CNS, autonomic neurons, hormones, inflammatory mediators, and stress mediators. Only the GMCs produce descending inhibition, which accommodates the large bolus being propelled without increasing muscle tone. The strong compression of the colon wall generates afferent signals that are below nociceptive threshold in healthy subjects. However, these signals become nociceptive; if the amplitudes of GMCs increase, afferent nerves become hypersensitive, or descending inhibition is impaired. The GMCs also provide the force for rapid propulsion of feces and descending inhibition to relax the internal anal sphincter during defecation. The dysregulation of GMCs is a major factor in colonic motility disorders: irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and diverticular disease (DD). Frequent mass movements by GMCs cause diarrhea in diarrhea predominant IBS, IBD, and DD, while a decrease in the frequency of GMCs causes constipation. The GMCs generate the afferent signals for intermittent short-lived episodes of abdominal cramping in these disorders. Epigenetic dysregulation due to adverse events in early life is one of the major factors in generating the symptoms of IBS in adulthood.

Perineal and Anal Sphincter Trauma

Download Perineal and Anal Sphincter Trauma PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1846285038
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (462 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Perineal and Anal Sphincter Trauma by : Abdul H Sultan

Download or read book Perineal and Anal Sphincter Trauma written by Abdul H Sultan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-03-20 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book clarifies and explains perineal anatomy and the pathophysiology of anal incontinence as well as applied pharmacology. It also institutes the new recommended classification of perineal tears, and describes anal sphincter repair techniques. The emphasis is on correct post-operative management, management of pregnancy following previous anal sphincter injury, and prevention of anal sphincter tears. The book will interest students, colorectal surgeons, physiotherapists, midwives, continence advisors, labour wards and lawyers.

Sphincters

Download Sphincters PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780849367489
Total Pages : 470 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (674 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sphincters by : Edwin E. Daniel

Download or read book Sphincters written by Edwin E. Daniel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1992-04-01 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sphincters: Normal Function-Changes in Diseases is the first book devoted to sphincter function in health and disease. It provides basic information about the function of sphincters and their physiological controls, as well as a comprehensive examination of the various sphincters in the body. The book also presents the current understanding of disordered control of sphincter function in disease. Sphincters: Normal Function-Changes in Diseases is an important acquisition for scientists, physicians, and medical students interested in sphincter function and how to treat their disorders.

Defining Physiology: Principles, Themes, Concepts. Volume 2

Download Defining Physiology: Principles, Themes, Concepts. Volume 2 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030622851
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Defining Physiology: Principles, Themes, Concepts. Volume 2 by : Hwee Ming Cheng

Download or read book Defining Physiology: Principles, Themes, Concepts. Volume 2 written by Hwee Ming Cheng and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-12 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second volume of Defining Physiology: Principles, Themes, Concepts. continues on the same format as the first. In this new release, a selection of 44 essential topics in each major organ system is defined, then major themes, concept and principles surrounding these words in their physiologic scenarios are elaborated. For each keyword, a question is posed at the end of the text to test for a better understanding of the associated physiology of nervous and gastrointestinal systems. This book presents an easy reference guide for those just starting out in the area of physiology and for those who are interested in clear and succinct definitions of key terms.

Alimentary Sphincters and their Disorders

Download Alimentary Sphincters and their Disorders PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1349039403
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (49 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Alimentary Sphincters and their Disorders by : Paul A. Thomas

Download or read book Alimentary Sphincters and their Disorders written by Paul A. Thomas and published by Springer. This book was released on 1981-06-18 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Sphincters

Download Sphincters PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781621002901
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (29 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sphincters by : Robert W. Lam

Download or read book Sphincters written by Robert W. Lam and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2012-04-01 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sphincters prove effective in the mediation of the entrance or release of liquids and fluids. Many sphincters are used everyday in the normal course of digestion and vision. In this book, the authors present topical research in the study of the properties, types and applications of sphincters. Some of the topics discussed include the lower esophageal sphincter; imaging of the internal anal sphincter; the role of artificial urinary sphincter in female stress urinary incontinence; current and future artificial urinary sphincters in the treatment of male urinary incontinence and the role of satellite cells in the human external urethral sphincter.

Atlas of Endoscopic Ultrasonography

Download Atlas of Endoscopic Ultrasonography PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1444346288
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (443 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Atlas of Endoscopic Ultrasonography by : Frank G. Gress

Download or read book Atlas of Endoscopic Ultrasonography written by Frank G. Gress and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-23 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Atlas of Endoscopic Ultrasonography provides readers with a large collection of excellent images obtained from both diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The Atlas includes a DVD which will be an invaluable addition to the library of trainee and practising gastroenterologists with video clips and searchable database of images. Together the book and DVD offer a first class collection of images to give a highly integrated introduction to endoscopic ultrasonography. The Atlas is an ideal companion to Dr Gress et al’s Endoscopic Ultrasonography, Second Edition.

Loosen Your Sphincter In Less Than 60 Seconds

Download Loosen Your Sphincter In Less Than 60 Seconds PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Woodpecker Media
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Loosen Your Sphincter In Less Than 60 Seconds by : Woody Miller

Download or read book Loosen Your Sphincter In Less Than 60 Seconds written by Woody Miller and published by Woodpecker Media. This book was released on 2018-05-31 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Loosen Your Sphincter In Less Than :60Teach yourself a wildly clever way to completelyand involuntarily relax your sphincter muscle. It's NOT kegels, a breathing technique, or progressive muscle relaxation. Say hello to pain-free anal sex! You Can Loosen Your Sphincter In Less Than 60 Seconds Without putting yourself in some weird position. Or taking drugs. Or using poppers. Or drinking alcohol. You can do it by simply introducing yourself to a technique that causes the sphincter to release involuntarily. You read that right. Involuntarily. It means your sphincter muscles relax without conscious effort. Without telling yourself to relax. Without using a breathing technique. Or progressive muscle relaxation. Without kegels. Say Hello To The PNF TechniqueNeuromuscular specialists call it, “proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation” or PNF. Don’t let the fancy-schmancy name fool you. It just refers to a “contraction/release” method that gives muscles like the sphincter no choice but to relax. Now, imagine what your sex life is going to look like if you have the power to relax your sphincter enough to have pain-free anal sex! As a sex columnist, I’ve answered thousands of questions over the course of my career and if t here’s one thing I’ve learned it’s that people don’t want acres and acres of explanation before getting down to essential information. That’s why you’ll notice that this is a short book. Very short. This is not an accident. I know when you ask for the time you don’t want to know how the watch was built. And so I’ve limited the information in this book strictly to answering a single question: How can you relax your sphincter enough to enjoy pain-free anal sex? If you want the history of enemas, a guide to anal wellness, an explanation of sexually transmitted diseases or the general care and feeding of the gluteus maximus you’re out of luck. QUICK! Do a Test! You ready to experience the involuntary release of your sphincter? Bring up the stopwatch feature in your smartphone right now and do this: Start the clock and clench your sphincter as hard as you can for as long as you can. In the next :60 do not, under any circumstances, consciously release your sphincter. Let me repeat that because it’s important: SQUEEZE HARD AND DO NOT LET GO NO MATTER WHAT. Ready? Set? GO! Here’s what typically happens: Stage 1 0 - :10 You feel fine. Stage 2 :11- :20 It’s a slight struggle keeping the sphincter tight. Stage 3 :21 - :30 It’s now a real struggle. Stage 4 :31 - :40 You’re running out of dilithium crystals to keep the tightness going! Stage 5 :41 - :50 It’s a Defcon 5 moment. You’re trying your hardest to keep it clenched but… Stage 6 :51 - :60 Your sphincter involuntarily releases despite consciously trying to keep it clenched. The vast majority of people’s sphincters release well before the 60-second mark. Women tend to be able to hold it longer because they are likelier to have done kegel exercises (especially if they’ve been pregnant), which strengthens the sphincter muscles. For the sake of argument, let’s say you can clench your sphincter for :55 before it involuntarily releases. What are we to do with this information? Scroll up, click the buy button and find out!

Sphincters

Download Sphincters PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781621001904
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (19 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sphincters by : Robert W. Lam

Download or read book Sphincters written by Robert W. Lam and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sphincters prove effective in the mediation of the entrance or release of liquids and fluids. Many sphincters are used everyday in the normal course of digestion and vision. In this book, the authors present topical research in the study of the properties, types and applications of sphincters. Some of the topics discussed include the lower oesophageal sphincter; imaging of the internal anal sphincter; the role of artificial urinary sphincter in female stress urinary incontinence; current and future artificial urinary sphincters in the treatment of male urinary incontinence and the role of satellite cells in the human external urethral sphincter.

Anal and Rectal Diseases

Download Anal and Rectal Diseases PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461411025
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Anal and Rectal Diseases by : Eli D. Ehrenpreis

Download or read book Anal and Rectal Diseases written by Eli D. Ehrenpreis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-06 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anal and Rectal Diseases: A Concise Manual provides a succinct reference on the subject for clinicians, including primary care physicians, gastroenterologists, general surgeons, physician's assistants and nurse practitioners. Presented in a consistent structural style that provides both a general summary of individual topics within the field along with additional details to assist those with some background knowledge in the subject area, this handy volume provides information related to the field of anorectal disease in a format that is easily accessible for rapid acquisition of knowledge. Each topic is outlined in a multidisciplinary fashion with the medical, surgical, and pathological aspects clearly detailed in each section. Each section clearly describes the condition with up-to-date management guidelines and precious clinical pearls. The volume features high quality illustrations in the form of elegant hand drawn figures, tables, photographs of physical findings, endoscopic finds and radiographs. The clinical photographs and x-rays will be of great value to gastroenterologists whose specialty is not coloproctology. Chapters on computerized tomographic colography (virtual colonoscopy) and others cover the newer technologies employed for diagnostic purposes in these diseases. Anal and Rectal Diseases: A Concise Manual provides clinicians with a tool for rapid consultation for direct patient care and management.

Female Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery

Download Female Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9781852333621
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (336 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Female Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery by : Stuart L. Stanton

Download or read book Female Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery written by Stuart L. Stanton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-09-24 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interest in pelvic floor reconstruction has grown rapidly in recent years. The collaboration between urologists, gynaecologists and colorectal surgeons has also increased. The book covers the surgical anatomy, urinary and faecal incontinence and their treatment, prolapse surgery, fistulae and post-operative management. Female Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery is a multi-disciplinary book edited by Stuart L Stanton, Urogynaecologist, and Phillipe Zimmern, Urologist, with contributions by internationally known and experienced clinicians. The book is well illustrated, up to date and authoritative.

Reconstructive Surgery of the Rectum, Anus and Perineum

Download Reconstructive Surgery of the Rectum, Anus and Perineum PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1848824130
Total Pages : 599 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (488 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Reconstructive Surgery of the Rectum, Anus and Perineum by : Andrew P. Zbar

Download or read book Reconstructive Surgery of the Rectum, Anus and Perineum written by Andrew P. Zbar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-02-28 with total page 599 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reconstructive Colorectal and Anal Surgery presents a didactic discussion of complex colonic, rectal, anal, and perineal problems which require reoperative surgery. The book provides a very practical description of the management towards these problems including preoperative investigation, postoperative follow-up and detailed operative approach. The text is aimed at being relatively didactic with an algorithm approach to these complicated cases using operative photographs and composite explanatory line drawings which are complemented by ‘how-to’ guides in all cases describing the operative technical tips and pitfalls from experienced world-renowned commentators. Given the rapid change in techniques over the last 10 years newer procedures will be incorporated. This book will be essential reading for all colorectal surgeons and trainees, general surgeons and trainees, gynecologists as well as specialist nurses in the OR room.

Clinical and Basic Neurogastroenterology and Motility

Download Clinical and Basic Neurogastroenterology and Motility PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128130385
Total Pages : 660 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Clinical and Basic Neurogastroenterology and Motility by : Satish S.C. Rao

Download or read book Clinical and Basic Neurogastroenterology and Motility written by Satish S.C. Rao and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-12-01 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical and Basic Neurogastroenterology and Motility is a state-of-the-art, lucidly written, generously illustrated, landmark publication that comprehensively addresses the underlying mechanisms and management of common adult and pediatric motility disorders. These problems affect 50% of the population and include conditions such as dysphagia, achalasia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastroparesis, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), gas and bloating, SIBO, constipation and fecal incontinence. The book brings together international experts and clinician scientists, epitomizing their years of wisdom into a concise yet practical text that is delivered in two distinct sections, basic and clinical. It fulfills a large unmet need, and bridges a long-awaited knowledge gap among trainees, clinicians, scientists, nurses and technicians, earnestly engaged in this field. First of its kind text that covers both basic and clinical aspects, bridging the knowledge gap, and providing a bench to bedside approach for management of common disorders Discusses the latest concepts and basic principles of neurogastroenterology and motility, and how the gut and brain interact in the genesis of functional gastrointestinal and motility disorders Provides an illustrated and practical text on hot topics written by leading adult and pediatric gastroenterology experts across the globe Includes an accompanying more detailed web version of the text with free access to future podcasts

The Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction Survival Guide

Download The Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction Survival Guide PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781512126907
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (269 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction Survival Guide by : Brooke Keefer

Download or read book The Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction Survival Guide written by Brooke Keefer and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-07-18 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the first time ever, a patient-driven book has been written about Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction (SOD). The Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction Survival Guide is a groundbreaking resource every SOD patient, friend or family member of an SOD patient, GI doctor, primary care physician, naturopath, and functional medicine practitioner should read. Regardless if your SOD is mild or severe, you will find this guide helpful. This guide is a culmination of patient experiences, research, and the author's own personal experience with having SOD for 17 years. For 13 years, the author was misdiagnosed, unable to find a doctor to help her. Read about how she found good doctors, treatments that worked, and coping strategies that helped. In this book you will find information about: The science behind SOD, including information about anatomy, the three types of SOD, prevalence (affects women the most), and symptoms. The most common symptoms are pain in the upper right quadrant under the rib that sometimes radiates to the back and shoulder, and nausea or vomiting. The potential causes of SOD. SOD is most prevalent in people who had their gallbladders removed (post-cholecystectomy syndrome). Also learn how hormones and medications may contribute to SOD. Finding an SOD doctor and obtaining a diagnosis. Learn how to NOT waste your time with mediocre doctors or doctors who refuse to diagnose or treat SOD. Learn how to find the best doctors and about the most common tests used to diagnose SOD. SOD treatments, including natural remedies, medications, and procedural and surgical treatments. How to cope with SOD and live a quality life utilizing support groups, mental health therapy, spiritual support, and staying positive. Dealing with hospitals and healthcare professionals and how to become an empowered patient. The TRUTH about SOD your doctor and medical journals won't tell you.

The Secret of the Ring Muscles

Download The Secret of the Ring Muscles PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Avery
ISBN 13 : 9780895297624
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (976 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Secret of the Ring Muscles by : Paula Garbourg

Download or read book The Secret of the Ring Muscles written by Paula Garbourg and published by Avery. This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shows how muscles around the eyes, mouth, and digestive tract can be exercised for optimum health-- This method of healing has been in successful practice for over 50 years and can improve such conditions as ashtma, migraine, backache, arthritis, varicose veins, and sinusitisThe "ring" muscles, or sphincter muscles, are groups of muscles that contract and relax simultaneously. When they all work together, we are in good health, but when they stop working correctly, our bodies fall out of balance.Paula Garbourg explains how to control these muscles to free oneself of various pains and health disorders, offering a series of easy-to-follow, illustrated exercises.