Spectroscopy

Download Spectroscopy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119436648
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (194 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Spectroscopy by : Mark F. Vitha

Download or read book Spectroscopy written by Mark F. Vitha and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-10-30 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides students and practitioners with a comprehensive understanding of the theory of spectroscopy and the design and use of spectrophotometers In this book, you will learn the fundamental principles underpinning molecular spectroscopy and the connections between those principles and the design of spectrophotometers. Spectroscopy, along with chromatography, mass spectrometry, and electrochemistry, is an important and widely-used analytical technique. Applications of spectroscopy include air quality monitoring, compound identification, and the analysis of paintings and culturally important artifacts. This book introduces students to the fundamentals of molecular spectroscopy – including UV-visible, infrared, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopy – in an approachable and comprehensive way. It goes beyond the basics of the subject and provides a detailed look at the interplay between theory and practice, making it ideal for courses in quantitative analysis, instrumental analysis, and biochemistry, as well as courses focused solely on spectroscopy. It is also a valuable resource for practitioners working in laboratories who regularly perform spectroscopic analyses. Spectroscopy: Principles and Instrumentation: Provides extensive coverage of principles, instrumentation, and applications of molecular spectroscopy Facilitates a modular approach to teaching and learning about chemical instrumentation Helps students visualize the effects that electromagnetic radiation in different regions of the spectrum has on matter Connects the fundamental theory of the effects of electromagnetic radiation on matter to the design and use of spectrophotometers Features numerous figures and diagrams to facilitate learning Includes several worked examples and companion exercises throughout each chapter so that readers can check their understanding Offers numerous problems at the end of each chapter to allow readers to apply what they have learned Includes case studies that illustrate how spectroscopy is used in practice, including analyzing works of art, studying the kinetics of enzymatic reactions, detecting explosives, and determining the DNA sequence of the human genome Complements Chromatography: Principles and Instrumentation The book is divided into five chapters that cover the Fundamentals of Spectroscopy, UV-visible Spectroscopy, Fluorescence/Luminescence Spectroscopy, Infrared Spectroscopy, and Raman Spectroscopy. Each chapter details the theory upon which the specific techniques are based, provides ways for readers to visualize the molecular-level effects of electromagnetic radiation on matter, describes the design and components of spectrophotometers, discusses applications of each type of spectroscopy, and includes case studies that illustrate specific applications of spectroscopy. Each chapter is divided into multiple sections using headings and subheadings, making it easy for readers to work through the book and to find specific information relevant to their interests. Numerous figures, exercises, worked examples, and end-of-chapter problems reinforce important concepts and facilitate learning. Spectroscopy: Principles and Instrumentation is an excellent text that prepares undergraduate students and practitioners to operate in modern laboratories.

Spectroscopic Instrumentation

Download Spectroscopic Instrumentation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3662445352
Total Pages : 677 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (624 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Spectroscopic Instrumentation by : Thomas Eversberg

Download or read book Spectroscopic Instrumentation written by Thomas Eversberg and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-10 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to analyze the light of cosmic objects, particularly at extremely great distances, spectroscopy is the workhorse of astronomy. In the era of very large telescopes, long-term investigations are mainly performed with small professional instruments. Today they can be done using self-designed spectrographs and highly efficient CCD cameras, without the need for large financial investments. This book explains the basic principles of spectroscopy, including the fundamental optical constraints and all mathematical aspects needed to understand the working principles in detail. It covers the complete theoretical and practical design of standard and Echelle spectrographs. Readers are guided through all necessary calculations, enabling them to engage in spectrograph design. The book also examines data acquisition with CCD cameras and fiber optics, as well as the constraints of specific data reduction and possible sources of error. In closing it briefly highlights some main aspects of the research on massive stars and spectropolarimetry as an extension of spectroscopy. The book offers a comprehensive introduction to spectroscopy for students of physics and astronomy, as well as a valuable resource for amateur astronomers interested in learning the principles of spectroscopy and spectrograph design.

Fourier Transform Spectroscopy Instrumentation Engineering

Download Fourier Transform Spectroscopy Instrumentation Engineering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : SPIE Press
ISBN 13 : 9780819451644
Total Pages : 138 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (516 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Fourier Transform Spectroscopy Instrumentation Engineering by : Vidi Saptari

Download or read book Fourier Transform Spectroscopy Instrumentation Engineering written by Vidi Saptari and published by SPIE Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many applications today require the Fourier-transform (FT) spectrometer to perform close to its limitations, such as taking many quantitative measurements in the visible and in the near infrared wavelength regions. In such cases, the instrument should not be considered as a perfect "black box." Knowing where the limitations of performance arise and which components must be improved are crucial to obtaining repeatable and accurate results. One of the objectives of this book is to help the user identify the instrument's bottleneck.

Portable Spectroscopy and Spectrometry, Applications

Download Portable Spectroscopy and Spectrometry, Applications PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119636434
Total Pages : 608 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (196 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Portable Spectroscopy and Spectrometry, Applications by : Richard A. Crocombe

Download or read book Portable Spectroscopy and Spectrometry, Applications written by Richard A. Crocombe and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-04-28 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most comprehensive resource available on the many applications of portable spectrometers, including material not found in any other published work Portable Spectroscopy and Spectrometry: Volume Two is an authoritative and up-to-date compendium of the diverse applications for portable spectrometers across numerous disciplines. Whereas Volume One focuses on the specific technologies of the portable spectrometers themselves, Volume Two explores the use of portable instruments in wide range of fields, including pharmaceutical development, clinical research, food analysis, forensic science, geology, astrobiology, cultural heritage and archaeology. Volume Two features contributions by a multidisciplinary team of experts with hands-on experience using portable instruments in their respective areas of expertise. Organized both by instrumentation type and by scientific or technical discipline, 21 detailed chapters cover various applications of portable ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), infrared and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, Raman and x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, smartphone spectroscopy, and many others. Filling a significant gap in literature on the subject, the second volume of Portable Spectroscopy and Spectrometry: Features a significant amount of content published for the first time, or not available in existing literature Brings together work by authors with assorted backgrounds and fields of study Discusses the central role of applications in portable instrument development Covers the algorithms, calibrations, and libraries that are of critical importance to successful applications of portable instruments Includes chapters on portable spectroscopy applications in areas such as the military, agriculture and feed, hazardous materials (HazMat), art conservation, and environmental science Portable Spectroscopy and Spectrometry: Volume Two is an indispensable resource for developers of portable instruments in universities, research institutes, instrument companies, civilian and government purchasers, trainers, operators of portable instruments, and educators and students in portable spectroscopy courses.

UV Spectroscopy

Download UV Spectroscopy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 041240530X
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (124 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis UV Spectroscopy by : B.J. Clark

Download or read book UV Spectroscopy written by B.J. Clark and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1993-04-30 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended as an introductory text. It starts at the very fundamentals of the interaction of light and matter and progresses through the laws of light absorption, instrumentation and standards to the newer chemometric techniques. Other chapters cover colour, structural aspects of UV spectroscopy, detection in high performace liquid chromatography and flourescence.

Aquatic Organic Matter Fluorescence

Download Aquatic Organic Matter Fluorescence PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521764610
Total Pages : 407 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (217 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Aquatic Organic Matter Fluorescence by : Paula G. Coble

Download or read book Aquatic Organic Matter Fluorescence written by Paula G. Coble and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A core text on principles, laboratory/field methodologies, and data interpretation for fluorescence applications in aquatic science, for advanced students and researchers.

Modern Techniques of Spectroscopy

Download Modern Techniques of Spectroscopy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9813360844
Total Pages : 663 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (133 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Modern Techniques of Spectroscopy by : Dheeraj Kumar Singh

Download or read book Modern Techniques of Spectroscopy written by Dheeraj Kumar Singh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-01 with total page 663 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book highlights recent developments in the field of spectroscopy by providing the readers with an updated and high-level of overview. The focus of this book is on the introduction to concepts of modern spectroscopic techniques, recent technological innovations in this field, and current examples of applications to molecules and materials relevant for academia and industry. The book will be beneficial to researchers from various branches of science and technology, and is intended to point them to modern techniques, which might be useful for their specific problems. Spectroscopic techniques, that are discussed include, UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, SERS, TERS, CARS, IR absorption spectroscopy, SFG, LIBS, Quantum cascade laser (QCL) spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, ellipsometry, cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy, such as cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) and evanescent wave-CRDS both in gas and condensed phases, time-resolved spectroscopy etc. Applications introduced in the different chapters demonstrates the usefulness of the spectroscopic techniques for the characterization of fundamental properties of molecules, e.g. in connection with environmental impact, bio-activity, or usefulness for pharmaceutical drugs, and materials important e.g. for nano-science, nuclear chemistry, or bio-applications. The book presents how spectroscopic techniques can help to better understand substances, which have also great impact on questions of social and economic relevance (environment, alternative energy, etc.).

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Download Near-Infrared Spectroscopy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 352761267X
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Near-Infrared Spectroscopy by : Heinz W. Siesler

Download or read book Near-Infrared Spectroscopy written by Heinz W. Siesler and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-07-11 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last few years, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has rapidly developed into an important and extremely useful method of analysis. In fact, for certain research areas and applications, ranging from material science via chemistry to life sciences, it has become an indispensable tool because this fast and cost-effective type of spectroscopy provides qualitative and quantitative information not available from any other technique. This book offers a balanced overview of the fundamental theory and instrumentation of NIR spectroscopy, introducing the material in a readily comprehensible manner. A considerable part of the text is dedicated to practical applications, including sample preparation and investigations of polymers, textiles, drugs, food and animal feed. However, special topics, such as two-dimensional correlation analysis, are also covered in separate chapters. Written by eight experts in different fields, this book presents an introduction to the current state of developments and is valuable to spectroscopists and to practitioners applying NIR spectroscopy as a daily analytical tool.

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Download Near-Infrared Spectroscopy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811586489
Total Pages : 593 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Near-Infrared Spectroscopy by : Yukihiro Ozaki

Download or read book Near-Infrared Spectroscopy written by Yukihiro Ozaki and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-13 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides knowledge of the basic theory, spectral analysis methods, chemometrics, instrumentation, and applications of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy—not as a handbook but rather as a sourcebook of NIR spectroscopy. Thus, some emphasis is placed on the description of basic knowledge that is important in learning and using NIR spectroscopy. The book also deals with applications for a variety of research fields that are very useful for a wide range of readers from graduate students to scientists and engineers in both academia and industry. For readers who are novices in NIR spectroscopy, this book provides a good introduction, and for those who already are familiar with the field it affords an excellent means of strengthening their knowledge about NIR spectroscopy and keeping abreast of recent developments.

Infrared Spectroscopy for Food Quality Analysis and Control

Download Infrared Spectroscopy for Food Quality Analysis and Control PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 008092087X
Total Pages : 445 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Infrared Spectroscopy for Food Quality Analysis and Control by : Da-Wen Sun

Download or read book Infrared Spectroscopy for Food Quality Analysis and Control written by Da-Wen Sun and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-03-05 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by an international panel of professional and academic peers, the book provides the engineer and technologist working in research, development and operations in the food industry with critical and readily accessible information on the art and science of infrared spectroscopy technology. The book should also serve as an essential reference source to undergraduate and postgraduate students and researchers in universities and research institutions.Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy deals with the infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum. It measure the absorption of different IR frequencies by a sample positioned in the path of an IR beam. Currently, infrared spectroscopy is one of the most common spectroscopic techniques used in the food industry. With the rapid development in infrared spectroscopic instrumentation software and hardware, the application of this technique has expanded into many areas of food research. It has become a powerful, fast, and non-destructive tool for food quality analysis and control.Infrared Spectroscopy for Food Quality Analysis and Control reflects this rapid technology development. The book is divided into two parts. Part I addresses principles and instruments, including theory, data treatment techniques, and infrared spectroscopy instruments. Part II covers the application of IRS in quality analysis and control for various foods including meat and meat products, fish and related products, and others. - Explores this rapidly developing, powerful and fast non-destructive tool for food quality analysis and control - Presented in two Parts -- Principles and Instruments, including theory, data treatment techniques, and instruments, and Application in Quality Analysis and Control for various foods making it valuable for understanding and application - Fills a need for a comprehensive resource on this area that includes coverage of NIR and MVA

Chemical Analysis and Material Characterization by Spectrophotometry

Download Chemical Analysis and Material Characterization by Spectrophotometry PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128148675
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Chemical Analysis and Material Characterization by Spectrophotometry by : Bhim Prasad Kaflé

Download or read book Chemical Analysis and Material Characterization by Spectrophotometry written by Bhim Prasad Kaflé and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-11-29 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical Analysis and Material Characterization by Spectrophotometry integrates and presents the latest known information and examples from the most up-to-date literature on the use of this method for chemical analysis or materials characterization. Accessible to various levels of expertise, everyone from students, to practicing analytical and industrial chemists, the book covers both the fundamentals of spectrophotometry and instrumental procedures for quantitative analysis with spectrophotometric techniques. It contains a wealth of examples and focuses on the latest research, such as the investigation of optical properties of nanomaterials and thin solid films. - Covers the basic analytical theory that is essential for understanding spectrophotometry - Emphasizes minor/trace chemical component analysis - Includes the spectrophotometric analysis of nanomaterials and thin solid films - Thoroughly describes methods and uses easy-to-follow, practical examples and experiments

Chromatography

Download Chromatography PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111927088X
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (192 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Chromatography by : Mark F. Vitha

Download or read book Chromatography written by Mark F. Vitha and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-09-13 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides students and practitioners with a solid grounding in the theory of chromatography, important considerations in its application, and modern instrumentation. Highlights the primary variables that practitioners can manipulate, and how those variables influence chromatographic separations Includes multiple figures that illustrate the application of these methods to actual, complex chemical samples Problems are embedded throughout the chapters as well as at the end of each chapter so that students can check their understanding before continuing on to new sections Each section includes numerous headings and subheadings, making it easy for faculty and students to refer to and use the information within each chapter selectively The focused, concise nature makes it useful for a modular approach to analytical chemistry courses

Introduction to Mass Spectrometry

Download Introduction to Mass Spectrometry PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118681584
Total Pages : 972 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (186 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Introduction to Mass Spectrometry by : J. Throck Watson

Download or read book Introduction to Mass Spectrometry written by J. Throck Watson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-07-09 with total page 972 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Completely revised and updated, this text provides an easy-to-read guide to the concept of mass spectrometry and demonstrates its potential and limitations. Written by internationally recognised experts and utilising "real life" examples of analyses and applications, the book presents real cases of qualitative and quantitative applications of mass spectrometry. Unlike other mass spectrometry texts, this comprehensive reference provides systematic descriptions of the various types of mass analysers and ionisation, along with corresponding strategies for interpretation of data. The book concludes with a comprehensive 3000 references. This multi-disciplined text covers the fundamentals as well as recent advance in this topic, providing need-to-know information for researchers in many disciplines including pharmaceutical, environmental and biomedical analysis who are utilizing mass spectrometry

Optical Spectroscopy

Download Optical Spectroscopy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080461727
Total Pages : 323 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Optical Spectroscopy by : Nikolai V. Tkachenko

Download or read book Optical Spectroscopy written by Nikolai V. Tkachenko and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-06-06 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical Spectroscopy bridges a gap by providing a background on optics while focusing on spectroscopic methodologies, tools and instrumentations. The book introduces the most widely used steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques, makes comparisions between them, and provides the methodology for estimating the most important characteristics of the techniques such as sensitivity and time resolution. Recent developments in lasers, optics and electronics has had a significant impact on modern optical spectroscopic methods and instrumentations. Combining the newest lasers, advanced detectors and other high technology components researchers are able to assemble a spectroscopic instrument with characteristics that were hardly achievable a decade ago. This book will help readers to sourse spectroscopy tools to solve their problems by providing information on the most widely used methods while introducing readers to the principles of quantitative analysis of the application range for each methodology. In addition, background information is provided on optics, optical measurements and laser physics, which is of crucial importance for spectroscopic applications.* provides an overview of the most popular absorption/emission spectroscopy techniques* discusses application range, advantages and disadvantages are compared for different spectroscopy methods* provides introductions to the relevant topics such as optics and laser physics

Photoacoustic Infrared Spectroscopy

Download Photoacoustic Infrared Spectroscopy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Wiley-Interscience
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Photoacoustic Infrared Spectroscopy by : Kirk H. Michaelian

Download or read book Photoacoustic Infrared Spectroscopy written by Kirk H. Michaelian and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 2003-03-06 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summarizes the current status of photoacoustic (PA) infrared spectroscopy so that chemical analysts and researchers can determine whether the method is appropriate for their needs. Michaelian (National Resources Canada) describes a series of seven experimental PA methods that have employed by researchers during the last two decades, characterizes depth profiling techniques, and outlines three numerical methods that pertain to PA spectroscopy. Following is the largest chapter, which overviews 15 applications of PA infrared spectroscopy to different sample materials, such as carbons, clay, wood, polymers, and textiles. An appendix cites 543 articles on PA published since 1978, along with their sample type. Annotation (c)2003 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).

Analytical Instrumentation Handbook

Download Analytical Instrumentation Handbook PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0849390397
Total Pages : 1066 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (493 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Analytical Instrumentation Handbook by : Jack Cazes

Download or read book Analytical Instrumentation Handbook written by Jack Cazes and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-11-30 with total page 1066 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compiled by the editor of Dekker's distinguished Chromatographic Science series, this reader-friendly reference is as a unique and stand-alone guide for anyone requiring clear instruction on the most frequently utilized analytical instrumentation techniques. More than just a catalog of commercially available instruments, the chapters are wri

Introduction to Instrumentation in Life Sciences

Download Introduction to Instrumentation in Life Sciences PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466512407
Total Pages : 387 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Introduction to Instrumentation in Life Sciences by : Prakash Singh Bisen

Download or read book Introduction to Instrumentation in Life Sciences written by Prakash Singh Bisen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-09-26 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Instrumentation is central to the study of physiology and genetics in living organisms, especially at the molecular level. Numerous techniques have been developed to address this in various biological disciplines, creating a need to understand the physical principles involved in the operation of research instruments and the parameters required in using them. Introduction to Instrumentation in Life Sciences fills this need by addressing different aspects of tools that hold the keys to cutting-edge research and innovative applications, from basic techniques to advanced instrumentation. The text describes all topics so even beginners can easily understand the theoretical and practical aspects. Comprehensive chapters encompass well-defined methodology that describes the instruments and their corresponding applications in different scientific fields. The book covers optical and electron microscopy; micrometry, especially in microbial taxonomy; pH meters and oxygen electrodes; chromatography for separation and purification of products from complex mixtures; spectroscopic and spectrophotometric techniques to determine structure and function of biomolecules; preparative and analytical centrifugation; electrophoretic techniques; x-ray microanalysis including crystallography; applications of radioactivity, including autoradiography and radioimmunoassays; and fermentation technology and subsequent separation of products of interest. The book is designed to serve a wide range of students and researchers in diversified fields of life sciences: pharmacy, biotechnology, microbiology, biochemistry, and environmental sciences. It introduces different aspects of basic experimental methods and instrumentation. The book is unique in its broad subject coverage, incorporating fundamental techniques as well as applications of modern molecular and proteomic tools that are the basis for state-of-the-art research. The text emphasizes techniques encountered both in practical classes and in high-throughput environments used in modern industry. As a further aid to students, the authors provide well-illustrated diagrams to explain the principles and theories behind the instruments described.